生態系を活用した適応策
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2021/02/28 06:03 UTC 版)
生態系を活用した適応策(せいたいけいをかつようしたてきおうさく、Ecosystem-based adaptation、省略名称：EbA)は、気候変動により生じると想定される被害に対し、生物多様性や生態系サービスを活かす形で支援を行う適応戦略を指す。このため、EbAは気候変動に適応するための幅広いアプローチを含んでいる。生物多様性条約では、EbAを「気候変動により不利益を受ける人々が適応するために必要な支援を包括的に行うための適応戦略の一部としての生物多様性と生態系サービスの利用」と定義している[1]。EbAに関して、2014年の第1回国連環境総会や2018年の生物多様性条約第14回締約国会議で関連する決議や決定が採択された。生態系に基づく適応（EbA）という用語は、2008年に国連気候変動条約会議[2] において、国際自然保護連合（IUCN） のメンバーらによって用いられ、2009年国連生物多様性会議において正式に定義された[1]。
- ^ a b CBD (2009). Connecting Biodiversity and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Report of the Second Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Biodiversity and Climate Change. Montreal, Technical Series No. 41, 126 pages.
- ^ UNFCCC. 2008. Ideas and proposals on the elements contained in paragraph 1 of the Bali Action Plan. Submissions from intergovernmental organizations. Addendum. FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/MISC.6/Add.2
- ^ Cohen-Shacham, E., Walters, G., Janzen, C. and Maginnis, S. (eds.) (2016). Nature-based Solutions to address global societal challenges. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. xiii + 97pp.
- ^ Seddon, N., Hou-Jones, X., Pye, T., Reid, H., Roe, D., Mountain, D. and Rizvi, A.R. (2016). Ecosystem based adaptation: a win–win formula for sustainability in a warming world? IIED Briefing. London: International Institute for Environment and Development.
- ^ a b Reid, H. et al. (2019). Is ecosystem-based adaptation effective? Results and lessons learned from 13 project sites. In press.
- ^ Andrade, A., Córdoba, R., Dave, R., Girot, P., Herrera-F, B., Munroe, R., Vergar, W. (2011). Draft Principles and Guidelines for Integrating Ecosystem-Based Approaches to Adaptation in Project and Policy Design: A Discussion Document. Retrieved from IUCN- CEM, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
- ^ a b FEBA (Friends of Ecosystem-based Adaptation) (2017). Making Ecosystem-based Adaptation Effective: A Framework for Defining Qualification Criteria and Quality Standards (FEBA technical paper developed for UNFCCC-SBSTA 46). Bertram, M., Barrow, E., Blackwood, K., Rizvi, A.R., Reid, H., and von Scheliha-Dawid, S. (authors). GIZ, Bonn, Germany, IIED, London, UK, and IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
- ^ a b CBD (2018). Decision Adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity: 14/5 Biodiversity and climate change. CBD/COP/DEC/14/5.
- ^ Roberts, D., Boon, R., Diederichs, N., Douwes, E., Govender, N., Mcinnes, A., et al. (2012). Exploring ecosystem-based adaptation in Durban, South Africa: “learning-by-doing” at the local government coal face. Environ. Urban. 24 (1), 167–195.
- ^ a b c d e Nalau, J., Becken, S., and B. Mackey (2018). "Ecosystem-based Adaptation: A review of the constraints." Environmental Science & Policy 89: 357-364.
- ^ Doswald, N., Munroe, R., Roe, D., Giuliani, A., Castelli, I., Stephens, J., et al. (2014). Effectiveness of ecosystem-based approaches for adaptation: review of the evidence base. Clim. Dev. 6 (2), 185–201
- ^ Doswald, N. and Osti, M. (2011). Ecosystem-based Approaches to Adaptation and Mitigation: Good Practice Examples and Lessons Learned in Europe. BfN, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
- ^ Seddon, N, Daniels, E, Davis, R, Harris, R, Hou-Jones, X, et al. (in review). Global recognition that ecosystems are key to human resilience in a warming world. Nat. Clim. Chang.
- ^ Seddon N., Espinosa, M.G., Hauler, I., Herr, D., Sengupta, S. and Rizvi, A.R. (in press). Nature-based Solutions and the Nationally Determined Contributions: a synthesis and recommendations for enhancing ambition and action by 2020. A report prepared by IUCN and Oxford University.
- ^ “Nature-based Solutions Policy Platform”. University of Oxford. 2020年4月13日閲覧。
- ^ CBD(2016). Biodiversity and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Technical note. Montreal, 25 pages.
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