ピール原則
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2021/06/05 03:19 UTC 版)
ピール原則は、警察における倫理(en)の基礎を築いたロバート・ピール卿の思想をまとめた原則である。この原則は、英国をはじめ、カナダ、オーストラリア、ニュージーランドで、合意に基づく警察行政の執行として現在も適用されている。
- ^ a b c d “Policing by consent”. UK Government (2012年12月10日). 2013年12月29日閲覧。
- ^ “Surveillance Camera Code of Practice”. UK Government Home Office. p. 5 (2013年6月). 2013年12月1日閲覧。
- ^ Jackson, Jonathan, Bradford, Ben, Hough, Mike and Murray, K. H., ‘Compliance with the law and policing by consent: notes on police and legal legitimacy,’ in: Crawford, Adam, and Hucklesby, Anthea, (eds.) Legitimacy and Compliance in Criminal Justice (London, UK : Routledge, 2012) pp. 29-49. ISBN 9780415671569
- ^ “Sir Robert Peel and the new Metropolitan Police”. The National Archives. 2013年12月29日閲覧。
- ^ “Relations between the Police and Public”. The Open University. 2019年5月10日閲覧。
- ^ Cooper, Brian (1983). Transformation of a Valley: The Derbyshire Derwent. Heinemann
- ^ “Protest and democracy 1818 to 1820, part 2 How close was Britain to revolution?”. The National Archives. UK Government. 2019年7月22日閲覧。
- ^ “Metropolitan Police”. UK Parliament. 2013年12月29日閲覧。
- ^ a b Lentz, Susan A.; Chaires, Robert H. (2007). “The Invention of Peel's Principles: A Study of Policing "Textbook" History”. Journal of Criminal Justice 35 (1): 69–79. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.11.016.
- ^ The Committee Office, House of Commons. “House of Commons - HC 1456 Home Affairs Committee: Written evidence submitted by the National Black Police Association (NBPA)” (英語). publications.parliament.uk. 2020年6月14日閲覧。
- ^ Terrill, Richard J. (2015). World Criminal Justice Systems: A Comparative Survey (revised ed.). Routledge. p. 32. ISBN 978-1317228820
- ^ “Principles of Good Policing”. The Institute for the Study of Civil Society (2015年12月). 2017年10月7日閲覧。
- ^ Reith, Charles (1956). A New Study of Police History. London: Oliver & Boyd. p. 140
- ^ Orde, Hugh (2011年5月5日). “The British approach to policing protest” (英語). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 2019年5月10日閲覧。
- ^ Mead, David (2010年12月10日). “Time to reconsider policing by consent? | David Mead” (英語). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 2019年5月10日閲覧。
- ^ Grace, Jamie (2018-05-08). “A balance of rights and protections in public order policing: A case study on Rotherham” (英語). European Journal of Current Legal Issues 24 (1). ISSN 2059-0881.
- ^ Sarah Lyall, "Critics Assail British Police for Harsh Tactics During the G-20 Summit Meeting", The New York Times, 30 May 2009.
- ^ Paul Lewis, Sandra Laville, "G20 report lays down the law to police on use of force", The Guardian, 25 November 2009.
- ^ “Police told to be 'consistent' on lockdown powers” (英語). BBC News. (2020年3月31日) 2020年3月31日閲覧。
- ^ “Policing with Consent” (英語). London City Hall (2020年10月22日). 2020年12月6日閲覧。
- ^ de Lint, Willem (2004年12月). “Public Order Policing in Canada”. p. 9. 2013年12月29日閲覧。
- ^ Goldsmith, Andrew (2001). "Police Power and Democracy in Australia". National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Retrieved 29 December 2013.Goldsmith, Andrew (2001年). “Police Power and Democracy in Australia”. National Criminal Justice Reference Service. 2013年12月29日閲覧。
- ^ Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services. “International and specialist agencies” (英語). 2020年12月6日閲覧。
- ^ “What the U.S Can Learn from Countries Where Cops Are Unarmed”. Time. 2020年12月5日閲覧。 “While the 19 nations in the world that do not arm officers vary greatly in their approach to policing, they share a common thread. “What we can identify in these countries is that people have a tradition—and an expectation—that officers will police by consent rather than with the threat of force,” says Guðmundur Ævar Oddsson, associate professor of sociology at Iceland’s University of Akureyri who specializes in class inequality and forms of social control such as policing.”; Kara Fox, CNN Graphics by Henrik Pettersson. “How US gun culture compares with the world”. CNN. 2020年12月5日閲覧。 “a small club of 19 nations do not routinely arm their police forces ... Botswana, Cook Islands, Fiji, Iceland, Ireland, Kiribati, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Naru, New Zealand, Niue, Norway, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland excepted), Vanuatu, U.S. Virgin Islands.”
- ^ Dempsey, John S.; Forst, Linda S. (2015). An Introduction to Policing (8 ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 6–8. ISBN 978-1305544680. "Many believe that the English model of policing eventually became the model for the United States."
- ^ Archbold, Carol A. (2013). Policing. Sage Publication. ISBN 9781412993692. "Sir Robert Peel ... identified several principles that he believed would lead to credibility with citizens ... Many of these ideologies were also adopted by American police agencies during this time period and remain in place in some contemporary police agencies across the United States."
- ^ Hussain, Mazin (2020年6月18日). “This is why the police can kill you: America’s dark history” (英語). Medium. 2021年1月7日閲覧。 “Unfortunately, the sad truth is that the US strayed away from the Peelian principles centuries ago. The earliest instances of policing in the US were the slave patrols.”
- ^ “Sir Robert Peel's Nine Principles of Policing”. The New York Times. (2014年4月16日) 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ Cole, Myke. “America’s Police Prepared for the Wrong Enemy” (英語). Foreign Policy. 2021年1月7日閲覧。 “Peelian principles form the heart of the American community policing movement, which began with the Johnson administration’s efforts in the 1960s and is still an important component of policing doctrine today. But in 2020, the idea appears increasingly theoretical.”
- ^ “How Peel Street reminds of principles still relevant to policing in Hong Kong” (英語). South China Morning Post (2015年1月6日). 2020年12月5日閲覧。; “‘Partnership with Our Community’ symposium hosted by Hong Kong Police in partnership with the Centre for Criminology, University of Hong Kong.” (2016年11月30日). Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。 “We can only perform our duties effectively, if we have the trust, confidence and collective support of the community we seek to serve. In this regard, ‘policing by consent’ requires a degree of legitimacy that can only be achieved from the public at large when they are confident in the transparency of our powers, the integrity of our officers and the accountability of our actions.”; “In city under siege, can police force rise to repair image?” (英語). South China Morning Post (2020年3月31日). 2020年12月5日閲覧。; “APPG on Hong Kong finds Hong Kong police "indisputably" broke international human rights laws” (英語). Whitehouse (2020年8月4日). 2020年12月5日閲覧。 “Traditionally, the idea of policing by consent was absolutely central to the operation of the Hong Kong Police Force. But this idea has been lost.”
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