毒素
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2019/04/09 10:03 UTC 版)
毒素（どくそ、独: toxin）は、生細胞あるいは生体内で産生される有毒物質である[1][2]。したがって、人為的過程によって作り出された人工物質は除外される。Toxinは古代ギリシャ語のτοξικόν (toxikon) に由来する。この用語 (toxin) は有機化学者ルートヴィヒ・ブリーガー（1849年-1919年）によって初めて使用された[3]。
- ^ "toxin" - ドーランド医学辞典
- ^ “toxin - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary”. 2008年12月13日閲覧。
- ^ Helmut Brade, ed (1999). Endotoxin in Health and Disease. Marcel Dekker. ISBN 9780824719449.
- ^ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. “venom - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary”. 2012年7月11日閲覧。
- ^ “The Biological Weapons Convention - An overview”. 2008年12月13日閲覧。
- ^ “U.S. Code”. 2008年12月13日閲覧。
- ^ “biotoxin - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary”. 2008年12月13日閲覧。
- ^ "biotoxin" - ドーランド医学辞典
- ^ Proft T (editor) (2009). Microbial Toxins: Current Research and Future Trends. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-44-8.
- ^ a b Karina Susana Stucken Marin (2010年). Physiogenomics of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Raphidiopsis brookii (Cyanobacteria) with Emphasis on Evolution, Nitrogen Control and Toxin Biosynthesis (Dr. rer. Nat. thesis). University Bremen.
- ^ Berry, J. P., M. Gantar, M. H. Perez, G. Berry & F. G. Noriega (2008). “Cyanobacterial toxins as allelochemicals with potential applications as algaecides, herbicides and insecticides”. Mar. Drugs 6: 117-146.
- ^ Lanphear BP, Vorhees CV, Bellinger DC (March 2005). “Protecting Children from Environmental Toxins”. PLoS Med. 2 (3): e61. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020061. PMC 1069659. PMID 15783252.
- ^ Grollman AP, Jelaković B (November 2007). “Role of environmental toxins in endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. October 2006, Zagreb, Croatia”. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18 (11): 2817–23. doi:10.1681/ASN.2007050537. PMID 17942951.
- ^ Cohen M (December 2007). “Environmental toxins and health--the health impact of pesticides”. Aust Fam Physician 36 (12): 1002–4. PMID 18075622.
- ^ Grigg J (March 2004). “Environmental toxins; their impact on children's health”. Arch. Dis. Child. 89 (3): 244–50. doi:10.1136/adc.2002.022202. PMC 1719840. PMID 14977703.
- ^ Vale, Carmen et al.; Alfonso, Amparo; Vieytes, Mercedes R.; Romarís, Xosé Manuel; Arévalo, Fabiola; Botana, Ana M.; Botana, Luis M. (2008). “In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxin Potency and the Influence of the pH of Extraction”. Analytical chemistry (American Chemical Society) 80 (5): 1770–1776. doi:10.1021/ac7022266. PMID 18232710.
- ^ Oikawa, Hiroshi; Fujita, Tsuneo; Saito, Ken; Satomi, Masataka; Yano, Yutaka (2008). “Difference in the level of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin accumulation between the crabs Telmessus acutidens and Charybdis japonica collected in Onahama, Fukushima Prefecture”. Fisheries Science (Springer) 73 (2): 395–403. doi:10.1111/j.1444-2906.2007.01347.x.
- ^ Abouabdellah, Rachid; Taleb, Hamid; Bennouna, Asmae; Erler, Katrin; Chafik, Abdeghani; Moukrim, Abdelatif (2008). “Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin profile of mussels Perna perna from southern Atlantic coasts of Morocco”. Toxin (Elsevier) 51 (5): 780–786. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.12.004. PMID 18237757.
- ^ Wang, Lin; Liang, Xu-Fang; Zhang, Wen-Bing; Mai, Kang-Sen; Huang, Yan; Shen, Dan (2009). “Amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin stimulates the transcription of CYP1A possibly through AHR and ARNT in the liver of red sea bream Pagrus major”. Marine Pollution Bulletin (Elsevier) 58 (11): 1643–1648. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.07.004. PMID 19665739.
- ^ Wang, Lin; Vaquero, E.; Leão, J. M.; Gogo-Martínez, A.; Rodríguez Vázquez, J. A. (2001). “Optimization of conditions for the liquid chromatographic-electrospray lonization-mass spectrometric analysis of amnesic shellfish poisoning toxins”. Chromatographia (Vieweg Verlag) 53 (1): S231–S235. doi:10.1007/BF02490333.
- ^ Mouratidou, Theoni; Kaniougrigoriadou, I; Samara, C; Kouimtzis, T (2006). “Detection of the marine toxin okadaic acid in mussels during a diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) episode in Thermaikos Gulf, Greece, using biological, chemical and immunological methods”. Science of the Total Environment (Elsevier) 366 (2 – 3): 894–904. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.03.002. PMID 16815531.
- ^ Doucet, Erin; Ross, Neil N.; Quilliam, Michael A. (2007). “Enzymatic hydrolysis of esterified diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins and pectenotoxins”. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (Springer) 389 (1): 335–342. doi:10.1007/s00216-007-1489-3. PMID 17661021.
- ^ Poli, Mark A.; Musser, Steven M; Dickey, Robert W; Eilers, Paul P; Hall, Sherwood (2000). “Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning and brevetoxin metabolites: a case study from Florida”. Toxicon (Elsevier) 38 (7): 981–993. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(99)00191-9. PMID 10728835.
- ^ Morohashi, Akio; Satake, M; Murata, K; Naoki, H; Kaspar, H; Yasumoto, T (1995). “Brevetoxin B3, a new brevetoxin analog isolated from the greenshell mussel Perna canaliculus involved in neurotoxic shellfish poisoning in New Zealand”. Tetrahedron Letters (Elsevier) 36 (49): 8995–8998. doi:10.1016/0040-4039(95)01969-O.
- ^ Morohashi, Akio; Satake, Masayuki; Naoki, Hideo; Kaspar, Heinrich F.; Oshima, Yasukatsu; Yasumoto, Takeshi (1999). “Brevetoxin B4 isolated from greenshell mussels Perna canaliculus, the major toxin involved in neurotoxic shellfish poisoning in New Zealand”. Tetrahedron Letters 7 (2): 45–48. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1522-7189(199903/04)7:2<45::AID-NT34>3.0.CO;2-H. PMID 10495465.
- ^ SIS.nlm.nih.gov
- ^ Toxnet.nlm.nih.gov
- ^ “Prince Charles detox 'quackery'”. BBC News (2009年3月10日). 2012年7月5日閲覧。
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「毒素」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 毒素とは
- 2 毒素の概要
- 3 非専門用語として
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