カンボジア大虐殺とは? わかりやすく解説

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カンボジア大虐殺

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/04/19 07:16 UTC 版)

カンボジア大虐殺(カンボジアだいぎゃくさつ、: The Cambodian genocideクメール語:ហាយនភាពខ្មែរ または ការប្រល័យពូជសាសន៍ខ្មែរ)は、カンボジアで急進的に共産主義を推し進めたカンプチア共産党中央委員会書記長英語版ポル・ポト率いるクメール・ルージュが引き起こした組織的迫害かつ虐殺である。1975年から1979年の間に150万から200万人が犠牲となり、これはカンボジアの1975年当時の人口(約780万人)の約4分の1に相当する[1][2][3]


  1. ^ a b c d Heuveline, Patrick (2001). “The Demographic Analysis of Mortality Crises: The Case of Cambodia, 1970–1979”. Forced Migration and Mortality. National Academies Press. pp. 102–105. ISBN 978-0-309-07334-9. "As best as can now be estimated, over two million Cambodians died during the 1970s because of the political events of the decade, the vast majority of them during the mere four years of the 'Khmer Rouge' regime. This number of deaths is even more staggering when related to the size of the Cambodian population, then less than eight million. ... Subsequent reevaluations of the demographic data situated the death toll for the [civil war] in the order of 300,000 or less." 
  2. ^ a b Kiernan, Ben (2003). “The Demography of Genocide in Southeast Asia: The Death Tolls in Cambodia, 1975–79, and East Timor, 1975–80”. Critical Asian Studies 35 (4): 585–597. doi:10.1080/1467271032000147041. "We may safely conclude, from known pre- and post-genocide population figures and from professional demographic calculations, that the 1975-79 death toll was between 1.671 and 1.871 million people, 21 to 24 percent of Cambodia's 1975 population." 
  3. ^ a b c d e f Locard, Henri (March 2005). “State Violence in Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979) and Retribution (1979–2004)”. European Review of History 12 (1): 121–143. doi:10.1080/13507480500047811. "Between 17 April 1975 and 7 January 1979 the death toll was about 25% of a population of some 7.8 million; 33.5% of men were massacred or died unnatural deaths as against 15.7% of the women, and 41.9% of the population of Phnom Penh. ... Since 1979, the so-called Pol Pot regime has been equated to Hitler and the Nazis. This is why the word 'genocide' (associated with Nazism) has been used for the first time in a distinctly Communist regime by the invading Vietnamese to distance themselves from a government they had overturned. This 'revisionism' was expressed in several ways. The Khmer Rouge were said to have killed 3.3 million, some 1.3 million more people than they had in fact killed. There was one abominable state prison, S–21, now the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum. In fact, there were more than 150 on the same model, at least one per district. ... For the United States in particular, denouncing the crimes of the Khmer Rouge was not at the top of their agenda in the early 1980s. Instead, as in the case of Afghanistan, it was still at times vital to counter what was perceived as the expansionist policies of the Soviets. The USA prioritised its budding friendship with the Democratic Republic of China to counter the 'evil' influence of the USSR in Southeast Asia, acting through its client state, revolutionary Vietnam. All the ASEAN countries shared that vision. So it became vital, with the military and financial help of China, to revive and develop armed resistance to the Vietnamese troops, with the resurrected KR at its core. ... [France] was instrumental in forcing the Sihanoukists and the Republicans to form an obscene alliance with its former tormentors, the KR, under the name of the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) in 1982. In so doing, the international community officially reintegrated some of the worst perpetrators of crimes against humanity into the world diplomatic sphere..." 
  4. ^ a b c d e f Chandler, David P. (2018). Brother Number One: A Political Biography of Pol Pot. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-98161-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=mTlMDwAAQBAJ&q=Maha+lout+ploh&pg=PT77 
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  21. ^ Kiernan, Ben (2014). The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge, 1975–79. Yale University Press. p. 464. ISBN 978-0-300-14299-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq8sAcvg-AgC&q=464. "Like all but seven of the twenty thousand Tuol Sleng prisoners, she was murdered anyway." 
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  29. ^ Frey, Rebecca Joyce (2009). Genocide and International Justice. Infobase Publishing. pp. 266–267. ISBN 978-0-8160-7310-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=m569AfPJkB4C&q=Cercle+Marxiste+Khmer+Students+Association&pg=PA267 
  30. ^ Shawcross, pp. 181–82, 194. See also Isaacs, Hardy, & Brown, p. 98.
  31. ^ Mosyakov, Dmitry. "The Khmer Rouge and the Vietnamese Communists: A History of Their Relations as Told in the Soviet Archives". In Cook, Susan E., ed. (2004). "Genocide in Cambodia and Rwanda". Yale Genocide Studies Program Monograph Series. 1: 54. "In April–May 1970, many North Vietnamese forces entered Cambodia in response to the call for help addressed to Vietnam not by Pol Pot, but by his deputy Nuon Chea. Nguyen Co Thach recalls: "Nuon Chea has asked for help and we have "liberated" five provinces of Cambodia in ten days."
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  37. ^ 人间正道:审判红色高棉” (中国語). Phoenix New Media. 2021年1月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年11月28日閲覧。
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  39. ^ A Personal Reflection on Norodom Sihanouk and Zhou Enlai: An Extraordinary Friendship on the Fringes of the Cold War”. UC Berkeley. 2015年9月30日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年11月27日閲覧。
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この記事は、ウィキペディアのカンボジア大虐殺 (改訂履歴)の記事を複製、再配布したものにあたり、GNU Free Documentation Licenseというライセンスの下で提供されています。 Weblio辞書に掲載されているウィキペディアの記事も、全てGNU Free Documentation Licenseの元に提供されております。

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