法化学
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2022/11/03 19:48 UTC 版)
法化学（ほうかがく、英: Forensic chemistry、フォレンジック・ケミストリー）とは、司法の文脈における化学、および毒性学の応用である。法化学者は犯罪現場で発見される未確認の物質を特定するための、調査分析の支援を行う[1]。
- ^ a b "A Simplified Guide to Forensic Drug Chemistry" (PDF). National Forensic Science Technology Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 21, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
- ^ a b 博之, 井上、康雄, 瀬戸「科学捜査の最前線 ─犯罪立証に資する法科学研究の現状と展開─」『YAKUGAKU ZASSHI』第139巻第5号、2019年5月1日、 683–684、 doi:10.1248/yakushi.18-00166-F、 ISSN 0031-6903。
- ^ Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (6th ed.), Oxford University Press, (2007), ISBN 978-0-19-920687-2
- ^ “東京大学大学院 薬学系研究科・薬学部” (日本語). 東京大学大学院 薬学系研究科・薬学部. 2019年6月7日閲覧。
- ^ Browne, Malcolm W. (April 21, 1995). "Terror in Oklahoma: the Science; Experts Search for Debris to Link Bomb to a Suspect". The New York Times. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
- ^ Stern, Wal (November 1995). "Modern Methods of Accelerant Analysis". Southeast Asia Fire and Security. Retrieved October 28, 2015 – via T.C. Forensic.
- ^ a b "Common Explosives". The National Counterterrorism Center. Archived from the original on January 13, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
- ^ a b Halford, Bethany (February 6, 2012). "Tracing a Threat". Chemical & Engineering News. 90 (6): 10–15. doi:10.1021/cen-09006-cover. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ^ Goldstein, Joseph (June 7, 2013). "Woman from Texas is Charged in Ricin Case". The New York Times. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ^ "Legal BAC Limits Data by Country". World Health Organization. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
- ^ "Toxicology Screen". The New York Times. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ^ Wetherell, Donald G. (2016). Wildlife, Land, and People: a Century of Change in Prairie Canada. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN 9780773599895 – via Google Books.
- ^ Cellania, Miss (November 3, 2009). "5 Classic Poisons and the People who Used Them". Mental Floss. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
- ^ a b Pizzi, Richard A. (September 2004). "Pointing to Poison" (PDF). Today's Chemist at Work: 43–45. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
- ^ Watson, Stephanie (June 9, 2008). "How Forensic Lab Techniques Work". How Stuff Works. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
- ^ a b "Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila (1787–1853)". National Library of Medicine. June 5, 2014. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
- ^ a b Wennig, Robert (April 2009). "Back to the Roots of Modern Analytical Toxicology: Jean Servais Stas and the Bocarmé Murder Case" (PDF). Drug Testing and Analysis. 1 (4): 153–155. doi:10.1002/dta.32. PMID 20355192.
- ^ a b "Technologies". National Library of Medicine. June 5, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
- ^ "Fraunhofer, Joseph von". The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 12. The Encyclopedia American Corporation. 1919. p. 28.
- ^ a b "Spectroscopy and the Birth of Astrophysics". American Institute of Physics. Center for History of Physics. Archived from the original on September 7, 2015. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
- ^ a b Carlysle, Felicity (2011-07-26). "TLC the Forensic Way". theGIST. Glasgow Insight Into Science & Technology. Archived from the original on July 30, 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
- ^ a b Derrick, Michele R.; Stulik, Dusan; Landry, James M. "Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science" (PDF). The Getty Conservation Institute. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
- ^ Willis, J B (1993). "The Birth of the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and its Early Applications in Clinical Chemistry" (PDF). Clinical Chemistry. 39 (1): 155–160. PMID 8419043. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
- ^ Willis, J B (May 1962). "Determination of Lead and Other Heavy Metals in Urine by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy". Analytical Chemistry. 34 (6): 614–617. doi:10.1021/ac60186a008.
- ^ Forbes, Patricia, ed. (2015). Monitoring of Air Pollutants: Sampling, Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques. Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry. Vol. 70. Elsevier. p. 274. ISBN 9780444635532 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b Gohlke, Roland S.; McLafferty, Fred W. (May 1993). "Early Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry". Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 4 (5): 367–371. doi:10.1016/1044-0305(93)85001-e. PMID 24234933. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
- ^ Kapur, BM (1993). "Drug-testing Methods and Clinical Interpretations of Test Results". Bulletin on Narcotics. 45 (2): 115–154. PMID 7920539. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
- ^ Gaensslen, R.E.; Kubic, Thomas A.; Desio, Peter J.; Lee, Henry C. (December 1985). "Instrumentation and Analytical Methodology in Forensic Science". Journal of Chemical Education. 62 (12): 1058–1060. Bibcode:1985JChEd..62.1058G. doi:10.1021/ed062p1058.
- ^ "Quality Assurance Guide for the Forensic Analysis of Ignitable Liquids". Forensic Science Communications. 8 (2). April 2006. Archived from the original on May 29, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
- ^ Angelos, Sanford; Garry, Mike (August 5, 2011). "Seized Drug Analysis Using FT-IR and Mixture Searching For More Effective Identification". Forensic Magazine. Advantage Business Media. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
- ^ Izzia, Federico; Nunn, Simon; Bradley, Michael (August 1, 2008). "Analysis of Mixtures by FT-IR: Spatial and Spectral Separation of Complex Samples". Spectroscopy Online. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
- ^ Socrates, George (2004). Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies: Tables and Charts (Third ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 55. ISBN 9780470093078 – via Google Books.
- ^ Cantle, John Edward, ed. (1986). Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry. Vol. 5. Elsevier. ISBN 9780444420152 – via Google Books.
- ^ Schiller, Matt. "Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)". Easy Chem. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
- ^ Baldwin, Dianne R; Marshall, William J (1999). "Heavy Metal Poisoning and its Laboratory Investigation" (PDF). Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 36 (3): 267–300. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.528.7546. doi:10.1177/000456329903600301. PMID 10376071. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ^ Picó, Yolanda, ed. (2012). Chemical Analysis of Food: Techniques and Applications. Elsevier. p. 501. ISBN 9780123848628 – via Google Books.
- ^ Nikolin, B; Imamović, B; Medanhodzić-Vuk, S; Sober, M (May 2004). "High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Analyses". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 4 (2): 5–9. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2004.3405. PMID 15629016.
- ^ Dong, Michael W. (2016). Modern HPLC for Practicing Scientists. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471727897 – via Google Books.
- ^ Fialkov, Alexander; Steiner, Urs; Lehotay, Steven; Amirav, Aviv (January 15, 2007). "Sensitivity and Noise in GC-MS: Achieving Low Limits of Detection for Difficult Analytes". International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 260 (1): 31–48. Bibcode:2007IJMSp.260...31F. doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2006.07.002.
- ^ Smith, Michael L.; Vorce, Shawn P.; Holler, Justin M.; Shimomura, Eric; Magluilo, Joe; Jacobs, Aaron J.; Huestis, Marilyn A. (June 2007). "Modern Instrumental Methods in Forensic Toxicology". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 31 (5): 237–253. doi:10.1093/jat/31.5.237. PMC 2745311. PMID 17579968. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
- ^ "Forensic Toxicology". National Institute of Justice. December 23, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
- ^ Foley, Katherine (August 16, 2015). "The Science Behind Forensic Toxicology". Quartz. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
- ^ Park, Seong Hwan; Zhang, Yong; Hwang, Juck-Joon (May 30, 2009). "Discolouration of the Brain as the only Remarkable Autopsy Finding in Hydrogen Sulphide Poisoning". Forensic Science International. 187 (1–3): e19–e21. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.02.002. PMID 19297107. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
- ^ von Euler, M; Villén, T; Svensson, JO; Ståhle, L (October 2003). "Interpretation of the Presence of 6-monoacetylmorphine in the Absence of Morphine-3-glucuronide in Urine Samples: Evidence of Heroin Abuse". Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. 25 (5): 645–648. doi:10.1097/00007691-200310000-00015. PMID 14508389.
- ^ Melinek, Jude (September 2016). "How Designer Drugs and the Opioid Epidemic Affect Modern Forensic Practice". Forensic Magazine: 18–19. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
- ^ Stout, Peter; Moore, Katherine; Grabenauer, Megan; Ropero-Miller, Jeri (March 2013). Expansion of a Cheminformatic Database of Spectral Data for Forensic Chemists and Toxicologists (PDF) (Report). U.S. Department of Justice. p. 2. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs (SWGDRUG) Recommendations" (PDF). 7.1. June 9, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
- ^ "Validation Guidelines for Laboratories Performing Forensic Analysis of Chemical Terrorism". Forensic Science Communications. 7 (2). April 2005. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
- ^ Armbruster, David A.; Pry, Terry (August 2008). "Limit of Blank, Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation". The Clinical Biochemist Reviews. 29 (Supplement 1): S49–S52. PMC 2556583. PMID 18852857.
- ^ a b Melton, Lisa (November 2007). "Courtroom chemistry" (PDF). Chemistry World. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
- ^ Wells, Doris (March 26, 2012). "In Brief: Law 101: Legal Guide for the Forensic Expert". National Institute of Justice. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
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