ビート・ジェネレーションビート・ジェネレーションの概要

アメリカ合衆国の世代 *=諸説あり, ?=世代の期間が定まっていない, ^=シュトラウス=ハウ世代理論このボックス: 表示ノート編集履歴

○○世代	期間
^清教徒世代（英語版）	1588 - 1617
清教徒の目覚め（英語版）	1621 - 1649
^en:Cavalier Generation ^en:Glorious Generation ^en:Enlightenment Generation ^en:Awakening Generation	1618 - 1648 1648 - 1673 1674 - 1700 1701 - 1723
第一次大覚醒	1727 - 1746
^en:Liberty Generation ^en:Republican Generation ^en:Compromise Generation	1724 - 1741 1742 - 1766 1767 - 1791
第二次大覚醒	1790 - 1844
en:Transcendentalist Generation ^en:Transcendental Generation ^en:Gilded Generation ^en:Progressive Generation	1789 - 1819 1792 - 1821 1822 - 1842 1843 - 1859
第三次大覚醒	1886 - 1908
^Missionary Generation（英語）失われた世代戦間期世代（英語版）最も偉大な世代の人々（英語版） ^G.I.世代（英語版）	1860 - 1882 1883 - 1900 1901 - 1913 1901 - 1927 1901 - 1927
ジャズ・エイジ	1918 - 1929
ビート・ジェネレーション沈黙の世代（英語版）ベビーブーマージョーンズ世代（英語版）	1914 - 1929 1928 - 1945 1946 - 1964 1954 - 1965
意識革命（英語版）	1964 - 1984
X世代 ^13世代 MTV世代（英語版）ブーメラン世代（英語版）	*1965 - 1980 1961 - 1981 1974 - 1985 1977 - 1986
文化戦争	1980s - present
デジタルネイティブミレニアルズ（Y世代） Z世代 ^ニュー・サイレント・ジェネレーション α世代	1976 - present 1981 - 1996 1997 - 2012 ? 1990 - 2009 ? *2013 - 2028 ?

アメリカ合衆国および西洋世界などにおける主な世代区分
（世代の範囲はピュー研究所^[1]などの区切りに基づく）

最盛期にはジャック・ケルアックやアレン・ギンズバーグそしてウィリアム・バロウズ（彼らは1944年にニューヨークのコロンビア大学で出会い、1950年代半ばにサンフランシスコへ移住し、サンフランシスコ・ルネッサンスに合流した）を初めとするビート・ジェネレーションの作家たちは多くの若者達、特にヒッピーから熱狂的な支持を受け、やがて世界中で広く知られるようになった。彼らは、ボヘミアン快楽主義、非同調主義（個人主義）、自発的創造性を追求・開拓した。そしてまたポエトリー・リーディングの活動も有名である。

この運動の中心地は、ニューヨーク（知識人の集うコロンビア大学、アングラの中心地帯であったタイムズスクエア、アメリカのボヘミアと呼ばれたグリニッジ・ヴィレッジ）、サンフランシスコおよび他の西海岸北部の都市であった。

脚注

注釈

^ 作家ジョン・スタインベックや、元野球選手ジャッキー・ロビンソンらもベトナム戦争賛成の立場だった

出典

^ Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins - Pew Research Center (January 17, 2019)
^ Los Angeles Times, August 27, 1959
^ The Beat Generation – Literature Periods & Movements.
^ Charters, Ann (2001). Beat Down to Your Soul: What was the Beat Generation?. Penguin Books. ISBN 0141001518
^ Morgan, Bill (2011). The Type Writer Is Holy: The Complete, Uncensored History of the Beat Generation. Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint
^ Prothero, Stephen (1991). “On the Holy Road: The Beat Movement as Spiritual Protest”. The Harvard Theological Review 84 (2): 205–222. doi:10.1017/S0017816000008166.
^ Allen Ginsberg, The Essential Ginsberg, Penguin UK, 2015.
^ Lundberg, John (2011年10月16日). “The Great Drug-Induced Poems”. Huffington Post. 2017年9月12日閲覧。
^ McClure, Michael. Scratching the Beat Surface.
^ "Throughout these interviews [in Spontaneous Mind] Ginsberg returns to his high praise of William Blake and Walt Whitman. Ginsberg obviously loves Blake the visionary and Whitman the democratic sensualist, and indeed Ginsberg's own literary personality can be construed as a union of these forces." Edmund White, Arts and letters (2004), p. 104, ISBN 1-57344-195-3, 978-1-57344-195-7.
^ "Ginsberg's intense relationship to Blake can be traced to a seemingly mystical experience he had during the summer of 1948." ibid, p. 104.
^ According to William Lawlor: "André Breton, the founder of surrealism and Joans's 〔ママ〕 mentor and friend, famously called Joans the 'only Afro-American surrealist' (qtd. by James Miller in _Dictionary of Literary Biography_ 16: 268)", p. 159, Beat culture: lifestyles, icons, and impact, ABC-CLIO, 2005, ISBN 1-85109-400-8, 978-1-85109-400-4. Ted Joans said, "The late André Breton the founder of surrealism said that I was the only Afro-American surrealist and welcomed me to the exclusive surrealist group in Paris", p. 102, For Malcolm: poems on the life and the death of Malcolm X, Dudley Randall and Margaret G. Burroughs, eds, Broadside Press, Detroit, 1967. There is some question about how familiar Breton was with Afro-American literature: "If it is true that the late André Breton, a founder of the surrealist movement, considered Ted Joans the only Afro-American surrealist, he apparently had not read Kaufman; at any rate, Breton had much to learn about Afro-American poetry." Bernard W. Bell, "The Debt to Black Music", Black World/Negro Digest March 1973, p. 86.
^ Allen Ginsberg commented: "His interest in techniques of surreal composition notoriously antedates mine and surpasses my practice ... I authoritatively declare Lamantia an American original, soothsayer even as Poe, genius in the language of Whitman, native companion and teacher to myself." Allen Ginsberg, Bill Morgan, Deliberate Prose: Selected Essays 1952–1995, p. 442, "Philip Lamantia, Lamantia As Forerunner", HarperCollins, 2001, ISBN 9780060930813.
^ "In 'Author's Introduction,' which is included in Lonesome Traveler (1960), Kerouac ... goes on to mention Jack London, William Saroyan, and Ernest Hemingway as early influences and mentions Thomas Wolfe as a subsequent influence." William Lawlor, Beat culture: lifestyles, icons, and impact, 2005, ISBN 1-85109-400-8, 978-1-85109-400-4 p. 153. "And if one considers The Legend of Dulouz, one must acknowledge the influence of Marcel Proust. Like Proust, Kerouac makes his powerful memory the source of much of his writing and again like Proust, Kerouac envisions his life's literary output as one great book." Lawlor, p. 154.
^ Ted Morgan, Literary Outlaw (1988), p.36-37 of trade paper edition, "When Billy [William Burroughs] was thirteen, he came across a book that would have an enormous impact on his life and work. Written by someone calling himself Jack Black, You Can't Win was the memoirs of a professional thief and drug addict."
^ “Beat Buddhism and American freedom.”. thefreelibrary.com. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2019年5月11日閲覧。
^ Jack Kerouac, Poetry Foundation.
^ Kerouac, Jack (September 15, 2016). The Unknown Kerouac: Rare, Unpublished & Newly Translated Writings. New York: The Library of America. ISBN 978-159853-498-6 2022年4月6日閲覧。
^ フェイリャー・オブ・ジャック・ケルアック　2022年4月8日閲覧
^ 山形浩雄訳『現代詩手帳』1997年11月。pp10-26

[前の解説]

[続きの解説]

「ビート・ジェネレーション」の続きの解説一覧

[20] 作家ジョン・スタインベックや、元野球選手ジャッキー・ロビンソンらもベトナム戦争賛成の立場だった

[pewresearch2019-01-17-1] Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins - Pew Research Center (January 17, 2019)

[2] Los Angeles Times, August 27, 1959

[3] The Beat Generation – Literature Periods & Movements.

[4] Charters, Ann (2001). Beat Down to Your Soul: What was the Beat Generation?. Penguin Books. ISBN 0141001518

[5] Morgan, Bill (2011). The Type Writer Is Holy: The Complete, Uncensored History of the Beat Generation. Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint

[:0-6] Prothero, Stephen (1991). “On the Holy Road: The Beat Movement as Spiritual Protest”. The Harvard Theological Review 84 (2): 205–222. doi:10.1017/S0017816000008166.

[7] Allen Ginsberg, The Essential Ginsberg, Penguin UK, 2015.

[8] Lundberg, John (2011年10月16日). “The Great Drug-Induced Poems”. Huffington Post. 2017年9月12日閲覧。

[9] McClure, Michael. Scratching the Beat Surface.

[10] "Throughout these interviews [in Spontaneous Mind] Ginsberg returns to his high praise of William Blake and Walt Whitman. Ginsberg obviously loves Blake the visionary and Whitman the democratic sensualist, and indeed Ginsberg's own literary personality can be construed as a union of these forces." Edmund White, Arts and letters (2004), p. 104, ISBN 1-57344-195-3, 978-1-57344-195-7.

[11] "Ginsberg's intense relationship to Blake can be traced to a seemingly mystical experience he had during the summer of 1948." ibid, p. 104.

[12] According to William Lawlor: "André Breton, the founder of surrealism and Joans's 〔ママ〕 mentor and friend, famously called Joans the 'only Afro-American surrealist' (qtd. by James Miller in _Dictionary of Literary Biography_ 16: 268)", p. 159, Beat culture: lifestyles, icons, and impact, ABC-CLIO, 2005, ISBN 1-85109-400-8, 978-1-85109-400-4. Ted Joans said, "The late André Breton the founder of surrealism said that I was the only Afro-American surrealist and welcomed me to the exclusive surrealist group in Paris", p. 102, For Malcolm: poems on the life and the death of Malcolm X, Dudley Randall and Margaret G. Burroughs, eds, Broadside Press, Detroit, 1967. There is some question about how familiar Breton was with Afro-American literature: "If it is true that the late André Breton, a founder of the surrealist movement, considered Ted Joans the only Afro-American surrealist, he apparently had not read Kaufman; at any rate, Breton had much to learn about Afro-American poetry." Bernard W. Bell, "The Debt to Black Music", Black World/Negro Digest March 1973, p. 86.

[13] Allen Ginsberg commented: "His interest in techniques of surreal composition notoriously antedates mine and surpasses my practice ... I authoritatively declare Lamantia an American original, soothsayer even as Poe, genius in the language of Whitman, native companion and teacher to myself." Allen Ginsberg, Bill Morgan, Deliberate Prose: Selected Essays 1952–1995, p. 442, "Philip Lamantia, Lamantia As Forerunner", HarperCollins, 2001, ISBN 9780060930813.

[14] "In 'Author's Introduction,' which is included in Lonesome Traveler (1960), Kerouac ... goes on to mention Jack London, William Saroyan, and Ernest Hemingway as early influences and mentions Thomas Wolfe as a subsequent influence." William Lawlor, Beat culture: lifestyles, icons, and impact, 2005, ISBN 1-85109-400-8, 978-1-85109-400-4 p. 153. "And if one considers The Legend of Dulouz, one must acknowledge the influence of Marcel Proust. Like Proust, Kerouac makes his powerful memory the source of much of his writing and again like Proust, Kerouac envisions his life's literary output as one great book." Lawlor, p. 154.

[15] Ted Morgan, Literary Outlaw (1988), p.36-37 of trade paper edition, "When Billy [William Burroughs] was thirteen, he came across a book that would have an enormous impact on his life and work. Written by someone calling himself Jack Black, You Can't Win was the memoirs of a professional thief and drug addict."

[16] “Beat Buddhism and American freedom.”. thefreelibrary.com. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2019年5月11日閲覧。

[17] Jack Kerouac, Poetry Foundation.

[18] Kerouac, Jack (September 15, 2016). The Unknown Kerouac: Rare, Unpublished & Newly Translated Writings. New York: The Library of America. ISBN 978-159853-498-6 2022年4月6日閲覧。

[19] フェイリャー・オブ・ジャック・ケルアック　2022年4月8日閲覧

[21] 山形浩雄訳『現代詩手帳』1997年11月。pp10-26

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ビート・ジェネレーション ビート・ジェネレーションの概要

ビート・ジェネレーション

注釈

出典

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ビート・ジェネレーションビート・ジェネレーションの概要