テネシー軍 歴代軍司令官

テネシー軍

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2023/07/19 15:23 UTC 版)

歴代軍司令官

南東ミズーリ小軍管区[141]

司令官 就任 離任 主な戦い
ユリシーズ・グラント准将 1861年9月1日 1861年12月23日 ベルモント

ケイロー小軍管区[142]

司令官 就任 離任 主な戦い
ユリシーズ・グラント准将 1861年12月23日 1862年2月14日 ヘンリードネルソン

西テネシー小軍管区

司令官 就任 離任 主な戦い
ユリシーズ・グラント少将[143] 1862年2月14日[144] 1862年4月30日 シャイロー
ユリシーズ・グラント少将[145] 1862年4月30日 1862年6月10日 コリンスの包囲戦
ユリシーズ・グラント少将 1862年6月10日 1862年10月16日 第二次コリンスの戦い (分遣隊のみ)[146]

テネシー軍管区

司令官 就任 離任 主な戦い
ユリシーズ・グラント少将 1862年10月16日 1863年10月24日 ビックスバーグ方面作戦
ウィリアム・シャーマン少将 1863年10月24日 1864年3月26日 チャタヌーガミッショナリー・リッジ、メリディアン
ジェイムズ・マクファーソン少将 1864年3月26日 1864年7月22日[147] アトランタ方面作戦アトランタ
ジョン・A・ローガン少将(代理) 1864年7月22日 1864年7月27日 アトランタ
オリバー・O・ハワード少将 1864年7月27日 1865年5月19日 エズラ教会ジョーンズバラの戦い海への進軍ベントンビル
ジョン・A・ローガン少将 1865年5月19日 1865年8月1日  

  1. ^ Eicher, Commands, pp. 856–57; McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 512.
  2. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 512; Woodworth, Victory, p. x.
  3. ^ Woodworth, Victory, p. x.
  4. ^ a b Woodworth, Victory, p. ix.
  5. ^ NYT: General Sherman's November 13, 1867 Address to the Society of the Army of the Tennessee; see Lewis, Sherman, p. 381.
  6. ^ Woodworth, Victory, p. ix; Flood, Friendship, pp. 4–6.
  7. ^ Rawlins, Address, pp. 27–28.
  8. ^ That usage appears, for example, in reports filed by various Union officers after the April 1862 Battle of Shiloh (Official Records (OR) I, v. 10/1, pp. 165, 203, 240, 277, 280, 282, 284, 286–87) and can be found as late as October 1862 (Report of Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Davies, October 18, 1862, OR I, v. 17/1, p. 251). During the period September 28–December 9, 1862, there was also a Confederate Army of West Tennessee, organized from the Confederate Army of the West (1862) and commanded by Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn. Confederate authorities ruled that "the name and function of this army [were] improper," and Van Dorn's forces were merged into the Army of Mississippi. See Eicher, Commands, p. 892.
  9. ^ Eicher, Commands, p. 857; see Halleck to Pope, March 21, 1862, OR I, v. 8, p. 629 ("I am preparing additional re-enforcements for the Army of the Tennessee"); Phisterer, Statistical Record, p. 54 (Grant's forces fought at Shiloh (April 1862) as "the Army of the District of Western Tennessee" and "became the Army of the Tennessee upon the [post-Shiloh] concentration of troops at Pittsburg Landing"); McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 512; Woodworth, Victory, p. x.
  10. ^ a b See Departmental returns for April 30, 1863, OR I, v. 24/3, p. 249.
  11. ^ Eicher, Commands, p. 264; Grant, Memoirs, p. 174.
  12. ^ John A. Rawlins, Address, Proceedings of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee.
  13. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 118–21.
  14. ^ Rawlins, Address, p. 27; Conger, U.S. Grant, pp. 75–76.
  15. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 124–32.
  16. ^ Rawlins, Address, pp. 28–29.
  17. ^ Smith, Grant, p. 134; Ballard, Grant, pp. 26–27.
  18. ^ See Special Orders, No. 78, HQ, Dept. of the Missouri, December 20, 1861, OR I, v. 52/1, p. 201; Grant, Memoirs, p. 189. It appears that Grant formally assumed this new command as of December 23, 1861. See Eicher, Commands, p. 264; General Orders No. 22, HQ, Dist. of Cairo, December 23, 1861, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, 3:330.
  19. ^ For detailed discussion of the Henry-Donelson campaign, see Woodworth, Victory, pp. 65–120.
  20. ^ Grant, Memoirs, p. 213; Woodworth, Victory, pp. 72, 86.
  21. ^ Engle, Heartland, pp. 53–59.
  22. ^ Engle, Heartland, pp. 62–63.
  23. ^ Engle, Heartland, p. 70; Wallace, Autobiography, 1:387–89.
  24. ^ Engle, Heartland, pp. 68–81.
  25. ^ Eicher, Commands, p. 857; Woodworth, Victory, p. x.
  26. ^ Smith, Grant, p. 165.
  27. ^ Woodworth, Victory, pp. 119–20.
  28. ^ See Eicher, Commands, p. 773; Grant, Memoirs, p. 214.
  29. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 165–66.
  30. ^ General Orders, No. 37, HQ, Dept. of the Missouri, February 14, 1862, OR I, v. 8, p. 555; Eicher, Commands, pp. 856–57. At this time, the geographical limits of his district were "not defined." See General Orders No. 1, HQ, Dist. of West Tennessee, February 17, 1862, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, 4:230.
  31. ^ The leadership of the Army of the Tennessee was notably more stable than that of the Union's Army of the Potomac. The latter suffered the relief of several failed commanders: McDowell (predecessor force), McClellan, Burnside, and Hooker. There was no equally destabilizing event in the life of the Army of the Tennessee, although Grant could have fallen by the wayside in 1862 and some dislocation followed the death of James B. McPherson in 1864. Further, as Grant and Sherman in turn ascended to broader responsibilities, the Army of the Tennessee enjoyed virtually seamless transitions from Grant to Sherman (1863) and from Sherman to McPherson (1864). See Woodworth, Victory, pp. 216, 420, 460, 490, 569–71; Hirshson, White Tecumseh, pp. 232–33.
  32. ^ Grant, Memoirs, pp. 219–20; Ballard, Grant, pp. 40–43; Engle, Heartland, pp. 105–06; Marszalek, Halleck, pp. 116–20; Woodworth, Victory, pp. 128–32.
  33. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 179–80.
  34. ^ Many authors see presidential pressure behind Grant's reinstatement to field command. See, e.g., Simpson, Triumph, pp. 124–25; Woodworth, Victory, pp. 141–42. But there is room to question that conclusion. Halleck relieved Grant of field command of the expedition, but not his overall command, on March 4 (OR I, v. 10/2, p. 3). On March 9 and 10, Halleck advised Grant to prepare himself to take the field. On March 10, the President and Secretary of War inquired about Grant's status, and on March 13, Halleck directed Grant to take the field. See Halleck to Grant, March 9, 10, 13, 1862, OR I, v. 10/2, pp. 22, 27, 32; Thomas to Halleck, March 10, 1862, OR I, v. 7, p. 683. This sequence suggests that Halleck may have decided to restore Grant to field command before receiving Lincoln's inquiry. See Smith, Grant, p. 176: Halleck's "reinstatement of Grant preceded by one day the bombshell that landed on his desk from the adjutant general [on behalf of the President and Secretary of War] in Washington."
  35. ^ Smith, Grant, p. 179.
  36. ^ Daniel, Shiloh, p. 322.
  37. ^ See Daniel, Shiloh, p. 322; Grant, Memoirs, pp. 226–27.
  38. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 187–204.
  39. ^ Smith, Grant, p. 204.
  40. ^ For the varying impact of Shiloh on these officers, see Woodworth, Victory, pp. 183–84, 198–99, 201; Marszalek, Sherman, p. 182; Eicher, Commands, p. 493.
  41. ^ Woodworth, Victory, pp. 205–06; Ambrose, Halleck, pp. 43–49.
  42. ^ Grant, Memoirs, p. 248; Woodworth, Victory, p. 206.
  43. ^ See Special Field Orders, No. 35, HQ, Dept. of the Mississippi, April 30, 1862, OR I, v. 10/2, p. 144.
  44. ^ See Nicolay, Lincoln, 5:338.
  45. ^ On May 11, Grant wrote Halleck privately that he considered his second-in-command assignment to be "anomylous," to constitute a "sensure," and to put him in a position that "differs but little from that of one in arrest." Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, 5:114; see Smith, Grant, p. 209.
  46. ^ Marszalek, Halleck, pp. 123–26.
  47. ^ Grant, Memoirs, pp. 255–57.
  48. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, p. 274.
  49. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 207–12; Schenker, "Ulysses in His Tent," passim; Grant, Memoirs, p. 258; Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 275–76.
  50. ^ Daniel, Shiloh, pp. 309–10; Einolf, Thomas, pp. 126–27.
  51. ^ Woodworth, Victory, p. 420.
  52. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 213–14; Einolf, Thomas, pp. 128–29; Special Field Orders, No. 90, HQ, Dept. of the Mississippi, June 10, 1862, OR I, v. 10/2, p. 288; Halleck to Buell, June 22, 1862, OR I, v. 16/2, pp. 48–49 ("General Thomas has orders to report to you, but at present his division should not be moved beyond Tuscumbia [Alabama]"); Halleck to Buell, July 15, 1862, OR I, v. 16/2, p. 151 ("Thomas . . . [will] re-enforce you and be replaced by one of Grant's divisions"); Grant to Halleck, July 23, 1862, OR I, v. 17/2, p. 114 ("Morgan's division [of the Army of the Mississippi] has relieved Thomas [at Tuscumbia]").
  53. ^ Marszalek, Halleck, pp. 125–28; Grant, Memoirs, pp. 256, 258, 261; Smith, Grant, p. 213. At this stage, the District of West Tennessee was defined to include "all that portion of the State west of the Tennessee River and Forts Henry and Donelson." See General Orders, No. 33, HQ, Dept. of the Mississippi, June 12, 1862, OR I, v. 16/2, p. 20.
  54. ^ Marszalek, Halleck, pp. 127–28; Grant, Memoirs, p. 263; Eicher, Commands, p. 833.
  55. ^ Special Field Orders, No. 161, HQ, Dept. of the Mississippi, July 16, 1862, OR I, v. 17/2, p. 101; District returns for July 31, 1862, OR I v. 17/2, pp. 143–44; Smith, Grant, p. 216.
  56. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 215–17; Grant, Memoirs, pp. 266, 268, 278; Badeau, Military History, 1:108. Grant's Memoirs (p. 278) state that "Thomas was ordered east to reinforce Buell" on September 19, 1862. In fact, however, this occurred in July, more or less simultaneously with the expansion of Grant's command to areas in Alabama and Mississippi. See McKinney, Violence, p. 143; Special Field Orders, No. 160, HQ, Dept. of the Mississippi, July 15, 1862, OR I, v. 17/2, pp. 99–100 (General Grant to order a division "to replace the division of General Thomas, on the road from Iuka to Decatur, as soon as the latter is ready . . . to join General Buell"); Special Orders, No. 136, HQ, Dist. of West Tennessee, July 16, 1862, OR I, v. 17/2, p. 102 ("Morgan's division of the Army of the Mississippi will . . . relieve the command of Major-General Thomas on duty guarding [the Memphis and Charleston] road").
  57. ^ Grant, Memoirs, pp. 263–64.
  58. ^ See Woodworth, Victory, pp. 210–40. There are separate categories in the Official Records for battle reports from the "Army of the Mississippi" and the "Army of West Tennessee." See OR I, v. 17/1, pp. 150–54.
  59. ^ Grant, Memoirs, p. 281.
  60. ^ General Orders, No. 159, War Dept., October 16, 1862, OR I, v. 17/2, p. 278. The department initially included portions of Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi. By late 1864, after various changes in its boundaries, "the Department effectively vanished" as a geographic entity, but the name "continued to be used along with the command of the Army of the Tennessee until 31 Mar. 1865." See Eicher, Commands, p. 848.
  61. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 512; Woodworth, Victory, p. x. Even at this stage, however, that usage was not automatic. Almost immediately, Washington specified that Grant's departmental troops would constitute the XIII Corps (rather than the "Army of the Tennesee"); Grant in turn divided his forces into a right wing, center, and left wing. See General Orders, No. 168, War Dept., October 24, 1862, OR I, v. 16/2, pp. 641–42; Eicher, Commands, p. 861. Grant also specified that the "Army of the Mississippi, being now divided and in different departments, will be discontinued as a separate army." See General Orders, No. 2, HQ, Dept. of the Tennessee, October 26, 1862, OR I, v. 17/2, p. 297.
  62. ^ See Halleck to Rosecrans, October 24, 1862, and General Orders, No. 168, War Dept., October 24, 1862, OR I, v. 16/2, pp. 640–42; Eicher, Commands, p. 461.
  63. ^ The numbers assigned the various corps emanated from Washington and were part of a nationwide scheme. See General Orders, No. 210, War Dept., December 18, 1862, OR I, v. 17/2, p. 432; Woodworth, Victory, p. 264; Sherman, Memoirs, p. 326.
  64. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 220–22; Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 202–03.
  65. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 221–25; Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 203–08.
  66. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 222–23; Eicher, Commands, p. 372.
  67. ^ Smith, Grant, p. 222.
  68. ^ Smith, Grant, p. 227; Marszalek, Sherman, p. 205; Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 316–25.
  69. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 227–28.
  70. ^ Smith, Grant, pp. 228–34; Reid, Ohio, 1:385.
  71. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 626–33; Smith, Grant, pp. 234–53.
  72. ^ Grant, Memoirs, p. 367; Departmental returns for July 1863, OR I, v. 24/3, pp. 567–68. A detailed order of battle can be found in Martin, Vicksburg, pp. 217–22.
  73. ^ Grant, Memoirs, pp. 366–67; Martin, Vicksburg, p. 193. Burnside's Army of the Ohio was not the same force that, under Don Carlos Buell, had operated with the Army of the Tennessee in April and May 1862 (Shiloh and Corinth); Buell's army had by this time become the Army of the Cumberland. See Eicher, Commands, pp. 824, 855–56.
  74. ^ Smith, Grant, p. 255n; Grant, Memoirs, p. 367; Eicher, Commands, p. 372.
  75. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 635–36.
  76. ^ Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 227–30; Hirshson, White Tecumseh, pp. 158–62; Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 354–57; Martin, Vicksburg, pp. 205–06.
  77. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 637; Woodworth, Victory, pp. 454–55; Sherman, Memoirs, p. 370.
  78. ^ Smith, Grant, p. 256.
  79. ^ Schenker, "Grant's Rise," pp. 64–65; Eicher, Commands, p. 775.
  80. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, p. 370.
  81. ^ Indeed, Sherman's first returns as departmental commander, for October 1863, show only the XV, XVI, and XVII Corps and report a total strength of 135,000. See OR I, v. 31/1, p. 817.
  82. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, p. 370; see Woodworth, Victory, p. 459.
  83. ^ See Smith, Grant, pp. 262–66; Simpson, Triumph, pp. 225–29; Grant, Memoirs, pp. 403–04.
  84. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 671–76.
  85. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 372–90; Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 237–42; General Orders, No. 2, HQ, Military Div. of Mississippi, October 19, 1863, OR I, v. 30/4, p. 476.
  86. ^ Woodworth, Victory, p. 460; Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 372–73, 379–83.
  87. ^ See McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 677–81; Woodworth, Victory, pp. 462–78; Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 389–90.
  88. ^ Woodworth, Victory, p. 478; Hirshson, White Tecumseh, pp. 174–76.
  89. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, p. 872. Some of the XV Corps traveled by rail partway from Memphis to Chattanooga. Ibid., p. 376.
  90. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, p. 414; see Marszalek, Sherman, p. 248.
  91. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 417–23, 872; Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 252–55.
  92. ^ Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 253–54. It should be noted that a related cavalry expedition under William Sooy Smith was frustrated by Confederate cavalry under the command of Nathan Bedford Forrest. See Foster, Mississippi, pp. 125–49.
  93. ^ Foster, Mississippi, p. ix.
  94. ^ Marszalek, Sherman, p. 255.
  95. ^ Sifakis, Civil War, p. 329.
  96. ^ See Woodworth, Victory, pp. 528, 579.
  97. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 718; Woodworth, Victory, pp. 70, 490.
  98. ^ McMurry, Atlanta, pp. 6–9, 138–40.
  99. ^ Secrist, Sherman's Trail, p. xi.
  100. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, p. 487; McMurry, Atlanta, pp. 33–34, 100. The Right Wing of the XVI was detached for other duty; this was supposedly a temporary arrangement, but these troops never served with the main Army of the Tennessee again. See Civil War Archive, XVI Corps History Archived 2013年10月29日, at the Wayback Machine..
  101. ^ For a concise description of the various elements of Sherman's force, see McMurry, Atlanta, pp. 32–34; a detailed order of battle can be found in the Official Records at OR I, v. 38/1, p. 89.
  102. ^ See Cox, Atlanta, p. 50; Carpenter, Oliver Otis Howard, p. 66; McMurry, Atlanta, p. 58; Hattaway, North, pp. 550–51, 564, 597–98, 604–08.
  103. ^ Castel, Decision, p. 322; see McMurry, Atlanta, p. 110; Hattaway, North, p. 598.
  104. ^ Woodworth, Victory, p. 505; Castel, Decision, p. 411.
  105. ^ McMurry, Atlanta, pp. 54-66; Woodworth, Victory, p. 505.
  106. ^ McMurry, Atlanta, pp. 67–77.
  107. ^ Woodworth, Victory, pp. 506–28; McMurry, Atlanta, pp. 72–140.
  108. ^ Castel, Decision, pp. 303–22; see McMurry, Atlanta, pp. 107–10; Hattaway, North, pp. 596–99.
  109. ^ McMurry, Atlanta, pp. 120, 139–41; Lewis, Fighting Prophet, p. 381; Eicher, Commands, p. 890.
  110. ^ McMurry, Atlanta, pp. 146–52; Hattaway, North, pp. 604–09.
  111. ^ McMurry, Atlanta, pp. 152–55.
  112. ^ Woodworth, Victory, p. 568.
  113. ^ Woodworth, Victory, p. 570.
  114. ^ McMurry, Atlanta, pp. 155–57.
  115. ^ McMurry, Atlanta, pp. 158–76.
  116. ^ Woodworth, Victory, p. 583.
  117. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, p. 872. Sherman's estimate for the late-joining XVII Corps was 89 miles (142 km).
  118. ^ Bailey, Chessboard, pp. 26–47; Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 288–93; Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 872.
  119. ^ See Sherman, Memoirs, p. 620; Civil War Archives, XVI Corps History Archived 2013年10月29日, at the Wayback Machine.. Dodge himself had been wounded in August and was replaced by Brig. Gen. Thomas E.G. Ransom. See Woodworth, Victory, p. 578.
  120. ^ Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 293–97; Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 649–50.
  121. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 646, 872; Marszalek, Sherman's March, pp. 37, 134–44 (detailed order of battle).
  122. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, p. 697.
  123. ^ Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 297–316.
  124. ^ Woodworth, Victory, p. 587.
  125. ^ Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 306–07; Woodworth, Victory, p. 603.
  126. ^ Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 307–09; Sherman, Memoirs, p. 711.
  127. ^ Marszalek, Sherman, p. 315.
  128. ^ Woodworth, Victory, pp. 607–09; Sherman, Memoirs, p. 749.
  129. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 749–50; Marszalek, Sherman, p. 318.
  130. ^ Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 317–27; Woodworth, Victory, p. 627.
  131. ^ Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 327–31; Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 785–88; Report of Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant re operations from March 1864 to May 1865, OR I, v. 38/1, pp. 35–36.
  132. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 789, 872; Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 329–31.
  133. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, p. 788.
  134. ^ Cox, Military Reminiscences, 2:531–32; Cox, March, p. 168; Johnston is also quoted in McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 828.
  135. ^ Hirshson, White Tecumseh, pp. 302–03; Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 819–32; for an order of battle for Sherman's forces at this stage, see pp. 820–28.
  136. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 831–52; Marszalek, Sherman, pp. 339–49; Hirshson, White Tecumseh, pp. 303–08; Eicher, Commands, pp. 323, 875, 881–82; Johnston, Narrative, pp. 412–17.
  137. ^ Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 856, 864–69, 872; Hirshson, White Tecumseh, pp. 312–20.
  138. ^ Eicher, Commands, p. 351; Hirshson, White Tecumseh, pp. 317–18; Howard, Autobiography, 2:210–12.
  139. ^ Dawson, Logan, p. 100.
  140. ^ Eicher, Commands, p. 856.
  141. ^ The dates in this command history are consistent with the information provided in Eicher, Commands. Grant's District of Southeast Missouri, headquartered at Cairo, Illinois, was embraced within the Western Department until November 9, 1861, and thereafter within the successor Department of the Missouri.
  142. ^ Grant's command was reconfigured and renamed by an order dated December 20, 1861.
  143. ^ Grant was promoted to major general effective February 16, 1862. See Eicher, Commands, p. 703.
  144. ^ According to Eicher, Commands, Grant assumed command of the District of West Tennessee on February 14, 1862, and the Army of West Tennessee on February 21, 1861. See Eicher, Commands, pp. 264, 852, 857.
  145. ^ During this period Grant served as "second in command under the major-general [Halleck] commanding the [Department of the Mississippi]." The major units of three armies in the department (the Ohio, the Mississippi, and the Tennessee or West Tennessee) were shuffled into a new organization that included three "wings" and a reserve. The right wing, which included four divisions from Grant's forces and one division from the Army of the Ohio, was commanded by George H. Thomas. Although Grant's forces were redistributed between the right wing and the reserve, he was expressly continued in overall command of "the Army Corps of the Tennessee" and the District of West Tennessee. See Special Field Orders, No. 35, HQ, Dept. of the Mississippi, April 30, 1862, OR I, v. 10/2, p. 144.
  146. ^ Grant was not present at the second battle of Corinth, but a detachment of two divisions from the Army of the Tennessee was engaged at Corinth under the overall command of Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, Army of the Mississippi.
  147. ^ McPherson was killed this day. See Eicher, Commands, pp. 383–84.


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