メナイクモス
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2022/12/24 09:04 UTC 版)
メナイクモス（ギリシア語: Μέναιχμος、前380年 - 前320年）はトラキアのケルソネソスのアロペコネソスまたはプロコネソスで生まれた古代ギリシアの数学者、幾何学者、哲学者である[1]。彼は著名な哲学者プラトンとの友人関係、円錐断面の発見、そして放物線と双曲線を利用し、当時長い間未解決問題として著名だった立方体倍積問題を解決したことで知られている。
- ^ Suda, § mu.140
- ^ Cooke, Roger (1997). “The Euclidean Synthesis”. The History of Mathematics : A Brief Course. New York: Wiley. p. 103. ISBN 9780471180821. "Eutocius and Proclus both attribute the discovery of the conic sections to Menaechmus, who lived in Athens in the late fourth century B.C.E. Proclus, quoting Eratosthenes, refers to "the conic section triads of Menaechmus." Since this quotation comes just after a discussion of "the section of a right-angled cone" and "the section of an acute-angled cone", it is inferred that the conic sections were produced by cutting a cone with a plane perpendicular to one of its elements. Then if the vertex angle of the cone is acute, the resulting section (called oxytome) is an ellipse. If the angle is right, the section (orthotome) is a parabola, and if the angle is obtuse, the section (amblytome) is a hyperbola (see Fig. 5.7)."
- ^ Boyer (1991). “The age of Plato and Aristotle”. A History of Mathematics. p. 93. ISBN 9780471543978. "It was consequently a signal achievement on the part of Menaechmus when he disclosed that curves having the desired property were near at hand. In fact, there was a family of appropriate curves obtained from a single source - the cutting of a right circular cone by a plane perpendicular to an element of the cone. That is, Menaechmus is reputed to have discovered the curves that were later known as the ellipse, the parabola, and the hyperbola. [...] Yet the first discovery of the ellipse seems to have been made by Menaechmus as a mere by-product in a search in which it was the parabola and hyperbola that proffered the properties needed in the solution of the Delian problem."
- ^ a b Boyer (1991). “The age of Plato and Aristotle”. A History of Mathematics. pp. 104–105. ISBN 9780471543978. "If OP=y and OD = x are coordinates of point P, we have y2 = R).OV, or, on substituting equals, y2 = R'D.OV = AR'.BC/AB.DO.BC/AB = AR'.BC2/AB2.In as much as segments AR', BC, and AB are the same for all points P on the curve EQDPG, we can write the equation of the curve, a "section of a right-angled cone", as y2=lx, where l is a constant, later to be known as the latus rectum of the curve. [...] Menaechmus apparently derived these properties of the conic sections and others as well. Since this material has a strong resemblance to the use of coordinates, as illustrated above, it has sometimes been maintains that Menaechmus had analytic geometry. Such a judgment is warranted only in part, for certainly Menaechmus was unaware that any equation in two unknown quantities determines a curve. In fact, the general concept of an equation in unknown quantities was alien to Greek thought. [...] He had hit upon the conics in a successful search for curves with the properties appropriate to the duplication of the cube. In terms of modern notation the solution is easily achieved. By shifting the cutting plane (Fig. 6.2), we can find a parabola with any latus rectum. If, then, we wish to duplicate a cube of edge a, we locate on a right-angled cone two parabolas, one with latus rectum a and another with latus rectum 2a. [...] It is probable that Menaechmus knew that the duplication could be achieved also by the use of a rectangular hyperbola and a parabola."
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「メナイクモス」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 メナイクモスとは
- 2 メナイクモスの概要
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