最古のものとして知られているフライのイラスト (John Denny's The Secrets of Angling (1652)) [2], [3]
フライおよびそれを使う釣りは太古より行われてきた。その知られている最初の文献は、西暦200年頃にアエリアン(英語版) が書いたとされる博物誌であり、その中ではマケドニアのフライについて論じられていた。1496年には修道女ジュリアナ・バーナーズ(英語版) の作とされている The Treatyse on Fysshynge with an Angle (The Boke of St. Albans 所収)が出版され、その本にはロッド、ライン、フックの作り方や時期に応じて使用する様々なフライの仕上げ方が含まれている。おそらく、Artificial fly という用語の初出はアイザック・ウォルトンの『釣魚大全』The Compleat Angler (1653年)である。[4]
Oh my good Master, this morning walk has been spent to my great
pleasure and wonder: but I pray, when shall I have your direction how
to make Artificial flyes, like to those that the Trout loves best?[5]
ああ師匠、今朝の散歩はとても愉快で驚くべきものでした。いつあなたからあのマスが大好きなフライの作り方を習えるのか、私は祈るよりほかにありません。
様々なフライが描かれた本の口絵 (Bowlker's Art of Angling (1854)) [6]
ウォルトンが『釣魚大全』を執筆していたちょうどその頃、ジョン・デニーは『釣りの神秘』The Secrets of Angling (1652) を出版した。それには最古のものとして知られているフライのイラストが含まれている。
1800年代初期までには、トーマス・ベストの『釣魚技術論』 A Concise Treatise on the Art of Angling (1807) からの次の典型的な引用とほぼ同じような釣りの文献において、フライフィッシャーによって使用されるすべての種類のフライに言及するために Artificial fly という用語が日常的に使われていた。
ダーラムレンジャーサーモンフライ
The art of artificial fly-fishing, certainly has the pre-eminence over the other various methods that are used to take fishes in the art of angling[7]
The term fly is applied by sea fishermen to a certain arrangement of feathers, wax, etc., which I am about to describe the manufacture of, and which may be used with considerable success in mackerel, basse, and pollack fishing. I am not disposed to think, however, that such baits are ever mistaken by the fish which they are intended to capture for flies; but the number used, the way in which they are mounted, viz., several on one trace, and the method of their progress through the water, rather leads me to the belief that they are mistaken for a number of small fry, and treated accordingly[8].
フライという用語は海釣り師たちによって、私がまさに説明しようとしている羽根やロウなどのある種の処理について用いられ、そしてそれはサバ・スズキ・ポラックなどの釣りにおいて注目に値する成果を伴って使われているのであろう。考える気はしないが、そのような餌はそれを捕らえようとしている魚にいつも間違えられている。しかし使っていくにつれて、捕食の仕方、つまり1回のトレースで数度フライを捕らえようとすることや水中での動き方から判断すると、むしろたくさんの小さな虫と間違えられてそれ相応に扱われているということを私に確信させる。
Bowlker (1854). Art of Angling-Containing Directions for Fly-Fishing, Trolling, Making Artificial Flies, etc.. London
Halford, Frederic M. (1886). Floating Flies and How to Dress Them. A Treatise on the Most Modern Methods of Dressing Artificial Flies for Trout and Grayling with Full Illustrated Directions and Containing Ninety Hand-Coloured Engravings of the Most Killing Patterns Together with a Few Hints to Dry-Fly Fishermen.. London: Sampson, Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington
Ogden, James (1887). Ogden on Fly Tying, Etc. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington
Shipley, M.A. (1888). Artificial Flies and How To Tie Them. Philadelphia, PA: Press of Spangler and Davis
Marbury, Mary Orvis (1892). Favorite Flies and Their Histories. Boston and New York: Houghton and Mifflin Company
Hale, Captain John Henry (1892). How to Tie Salmon Flies. London: Samson, Low and Marston Company Ltd
La Branche, George M. L. (1914). The Dry Fly and Fast Water. New York: Charles Scribner's and Sons
Rhead, Louis (1916). American Trout Stream Insects-A Guide To Angling Flies and other Aquatic Insects Alluring to Trout. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company Publishers
McClelland, H. G. (1919). The Trout Fly Dresser's Cabinet of Devices or How To Tie Flies for Trout and Grayling Fishing. London: The Fishing Gazette
Hills, John Waller (1921). A History of Fly Fishing for Trout. London: Phillp Allan & Co
Skues, G.E.M. (1921). The Way of a Trout with the Fly: And some further studies in minor tactics. London: Adams and Charles Black
Jennings, Preston J. (1935). A Book of Trout Flies. New York: Crown Publishers, Derrydale Press
Brooks, Joe (1947). Bass Bug Fishing. South Brunswick, NJ: A. S. Barnes
Leonard, J. Edson (1950). Flies-Their origin, natural history, tying, hooks, patterns and selections of dry and wet flies, nymphs, streamers, salmon flies for fresh and salt water in North America and the British Isles, including a Dictionary of 2200 Patterns. New York: A.S. Barnes and Company
Schwiebert, Ernest G. Jr. (1955). Matching The Hatch-A Practical Guide to Imitation of Insects Found On Eastern and Western Trout Waters. Toronto, Canada: The MacMillan Company
Bates, Joseph D. (1966). Streamer Fly Tying & Fishing. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books
Bates, Joseph D. (1970). Atlantic Salmon Flies and Fishing. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN0811701808
Richards, Carl; Swisher, Doug (1971). Selective Trout-A Dramatically New and Scientific Approach to Trout Fishing on Eastern and Western Rivers. New York: Crown Publishers
Schwiebert, Ernest (1973). Nymphs-A Complete Guide to Naturals and Imitations. New York: Winchester Press. ISBN0876910746
Kreh, Lefty (1974). Fly Fishing in Saltwater. New York: Crown Publishers Inc
Combs, Trey (1976). Steelhead Fly Fishing and Flies. Portland, Oregon: Frank Amato. ISBN093660803X
Reynolds, Barry; Berryman, John (1993). Pike on the Fly-The Fly Fishing Guide To Northerns, Tigers, and Muskies. Boulder, CO: Johnson Printing Company. ISBN1555661130
Law, Glenn (1995). A Concise History of Fly Fishing. Birmingham, Alabama: Odysseus Editions
Hughes, Dave (1995). Wet Flies: Tying and Fishing Soft-Hackles, Winged and Wingless Wets, and Fuzzy Nymphs. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN0811718689
Richards, Carl (1995). Prey: Designing and Tying New Imitations of Fresh and Saltwater Forage Foods. New York: Lyons and Burford Publishers. ISBN1558213325
Schullery, Paul (1996). American Fly Fishing-A History. Norwalk, CT: The Easton Press
Reynolds, Barry; Befus, Brad; Berryman, John (1997). Carp on the Fly: A Flyfishing Guide. Spring Creek Press. ISBN1555662072
Schullery, Paul (1999). Royal Coachman-The Lore and Legends of Fly-Fishing. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN0684842467
Schullery, Paul (2006). The Rise-Streamside Observations on Trout, Flies and Fly Fishing. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN9780811701822
Johnson, Kirk Wallave (2018). The Feather Thief: Beauty, Obsession, and the Natural History Heist of the Century. New York: Viking. ISBN9781101981610
脚注
^Wakeford, Jacqueline (1992). Fly Tying Tools and Materials. New York: Lyons & Burford Publishers. pp. Preface. ISBN1558211837
^Denny, John (1652). The Secrets of Angling. London: Robert Triphook. pp. 20
^Leonard, J. Edson (1950). Flies-Their origin, natural history, tying, hooks, patterns and selections of dry and wet flies, nymphs, streamers, salmon flies for fresh and salt water in North America and the British Isles, including a Dictionary of 2200 Patterns. New York: A.S. Barnes and Company. pp. 33
^Hills, John Waller (1921). A History of Fly Fishing for Trout. London: Phillp Allan & Co
^Hughes, Dave (1995). Wet Flies: Tying and Fishing Soft-Hackles, Winged and Wingless Wets, and Fuzzy Nymphs. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN0811718689
^Schwiebert, Ernest (1973). Nymphs-A Complete Guide to Naturals and Imitations. New York: Winchester Press. ISBN0876910746
^Bates, Joseph D. (1966). Streamer Fly Tying & Fishing. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books
^Reynolds, Barry; Berryman, John (1993). Pike on the Fly-The Fly Fishing Guide To Northerns, Tigers, and Muskies. Boulder, CO: Johnson Printing Company. ISBN1555661130
^Reynolds, Barry; Befus, Brad; Berryman, John (1997). Carp on the Fly: A Flyfishing Guide. Spring Creek Press. ISBN1555662072
^Bates, Joseph D. (1970). Atlantic Salmon Flies and Fishing. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN0811701808
^Richards, Carl (1995). Prey: Designing and Tying New Imitations of Fresh and Saltwater Forage Foods. New York: Lyons and Burford Publishers. ISBN1558213325
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