外白渡橋
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/10/16 04:19 UTC 版)
外白渡橋（がいはくときょう、中: 外白渡桥、 拼音: 、英: Garden Bridge）は、中国・上海にある鉄橋。上海の中心地である外灘の北端にあり、呉淞江をまたいで黄浦区と虹口区を結ぶいくつかの橋のうち最も東側（黄浦江側）にあたる。前身も含め4代目として1907年に建てられたこの橋は、中国初の全鋼橋であり[3]、同国に現存する唯一のパーカートラス橋である。この橋は、その交通上の重要性、百年前の姿をとどめる独特なデザインによって、上海の著名なランドマークの一つとなっている[4]。
- ^ a b Nicolas Janberg, Chief Editor. “Waibaidu Bridge (Shanghai, 1907) | Structurae”. En.structurae.de. 2013年9月7日閲覧。
- ^ a b "China's 1st Steel Bridge Passes Test," Shanghai Daily (29 December 2007); http://china.org.cn/english/China/237483.htm
- ^ a b c d "The Preservation and Renovation of Waibaidu Bridge,"WHITR-AP (Shanghai) NEWSLETTER 9 (March 2009):4.; http://whitr-ap.org/download/Newsletter%209.pdf[リンク切れ]
- ^ Hanchao Lu, Beyond the Neon Lights: Everyday Shanghai in the Early Twentieth Century (University of California Press, 2004):42.
- ^ "The Shanghai Bund: A History through Visual Sources"; http://www.virtualshanghai.net/GetFile.php?Table=Article&ID=Article.ID.34.No.0&Op=S
- ^ Xue Liyong 薛理勇, Waitan de lishi he jianzhu 外灘的歴史和建築 [History and construction of the Bund], (Shanghai, Shanghai shehui kexueyuan chubanshe, 2002):2; referenced in "The Shanghai Bund: A History through Visual Sources"; http://www.virtualshanghai.net/GetFile.php?Table=Article&ID=Article.ID.34.No.0&Op=S
- ^ Sino-Corrugated China 2007 Website Using (January 2007):1; http://www.sino-corrugated.com/09/Upload/20071101842577413.pdf[リンク切れ]
- ^ "History of Bridges Crossing Over Suzhou Creek: Connecting the Past with the Future", 32-34; http://www.swisscham.org/common/upload/publications/2001/TheBridgeNr1part2.pdf[リンク切れ]
- ^ "History of Bridges Crossing Over Suzhou Creek: Connecting the Past with the Future", 32; http://www.swisscham.org/common/upload/publications/2001/TheBridgeNr1part2.pdf[リンク切れ]
- ^ Some sources indicate "Willis" e.g. Christian Henriot, ed. "Virtual Shanghai: Shanghai Urban Space in Time"; http://www.virtualshanghai.net/Image.php?ID=1706, while others indicate his surname was "Wales", "Whales", or "Welles". The earliest sources indicate it was Wills. E.g. see North-China Herald (1 August 1857):2.
- ^ Kwang-Ching Liu, Anglo-American Steamship Rivalry in China, 1862-1874 (Harvard University Press, 1962):13.
- ^ Shanghai Almanac (1856). Cunningham was instrumental in the founding of the Shanghai Steamship Company, and was its president (1862-1864). See Kwang-Ching Liu, 33.
- ^ Zhaojin Ji, A History of Modern Shanghai Banking: The Rise and Decline of China's Finance Capitalism (M.E. Sharpe, 2003):61.
- ^ a b c d e f g Christian Henriot, ed. "Virtual Shanghai: Shanghai Urban Space in Time"; http://www.virtualshanghai.net/Image.php?ID=1706
- ^ a b Francis Lister Hawks Pott, A Short History of Shanghai: Being an Account of the Growth and Development of the International Settlement (Kelly & Walsh, limited, 1928):73.
- ^ a b Denison & Guang, 112.
- ^ Edward Denison and Guang Yu Ren, Building Shanghai: The Story of China's Gateway (Wiley-Academy, 2006):112.
- ^ Joshua A. Fogel, The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China, 1862-1945 (Stanford University Press, 1996):52.
- ^ North-China Herald (1 August 1857):2; Francis Lister Hawks Pott, A Short History of Shanghai: Being an Account of the Growth and Development of the International Settlement (Kelly & Walsh, limited, 1928):73; see Wm Patrick Cranley, "Bridge of Misunderstanding: Shanghai's Waibaidu Qiao" (19 February 2008); http://shanghaiist.com/2008/02/19/bridge_of_misun.php
- ^ See proclamation of Shanghai magistrate Hwang, 16 July 1857, explaining necessity of Chinese paying the toll as it was foreign money not Chinese money that financed construction of the bridge. See North-China Herald (1 August 1857):2; Denison & Guang, 112.
- ^ Wm Patrick Cranley, "Bridge of Misunderstanding: Shanghai's Waibaidu Qiao" (19 February 2008); http://shanghaiist.com/2008/02/19/bridge_of_misun.php
- ^ a b c http://www.medop.com.cn/supesite/?action-viewthread-tid-36[リンク切れ]
- ^ Barbara Mittler, A Newspaper for China?: Power, Identity, and Change in Shanghai's News Media, 1872-1912 (Harvard University Asia Center, 2004):138.
- ^ Barbara Mittler, A Newspaper for China?: Power, Identity, and Change in Shanghai's News Media, 1872-1912 (Harvard University Asia Center, 2004):139.
- ^ Mittler, 138.
- ^ Pott; http://www.earnshaw.com/shanghai-ed-india/tales/library/pott/pott07.htm
- ^ Ling Pan, In Search of Old Shanghai, 2nd ed. (Joint Pub. Co., 1982):35.
- ^ "Deaths", North-China Herald (31 October 1857):2. The Bengal weighed 2,185 tons and was built in 1853, and sold in 1870 to New York, London & China SS Co. See "Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Company / P&O Line", The Ships List, “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年5月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年5月19日閲覧。. On 2 March 1885 it was wrecked off Milton Reef, Bawcan Island, Java, when on passage from Saigon to Sourabaya with a cargo of rice. See http://www.clydesite.co.uk/articles/2mar.asp
- ^ Pan, 35.
- ^ Pott; http://www.earnshaw.com/shanghai-ed-india/tales/library/pott/pott07.htm.
- ^ Not a Monopolist, "The Soochow Creek Bridge", North-China Herald (7 June 1873):17 (507).
- ^ a b c Letter from Surveyor's Office (12 October 1889), North-China Herald (25 October 1889):25 (521).
- ^ Not a Monopolist, NCH (7 June 1873):17.
- ^ John D. Clark, Sketches in and around Shanghai etc (the "Shanghai Mercury" and "Celestial Empire" Offices, 1894):48.
- ^ Betty Peh-Tʻi Wei, Old Shanghai (Oxford University Press, 1993):57.
- ^ Arnold Wright and HA Cartwright, Twentieth Century Impressions of Hong Kong: History, People, Commerce, Industries & Resources (Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing, 1908):
- ^ "Grandma's Bridge" in Shanghai Reinstated After Shipyard Repairs; (26 February 2009); http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/6601989.html
- ^ “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年3月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年5月5日閲覧。
- ^ "A-Z List of Bridges Built by the Cleveland Bridge Company"; www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/m.h.ellison/nera/khoole/clevelandcat.doc
- ^ Edward Denison and Guang Yu Ren, Building Shanghai: The Story of China's Gateway (Wiley-Academy, 2006):113.
- ^ a b c "Century-old Bridge to Reopen Soon" People's Daily online (26 February 2009); http://english.people.com.cn/90001/6601352.html
- ^ a b "Waibaidu Bridge: A Bridge from the Past to the Future." China News (26 February 2009); http://press.iflove.com/show.asp?id=18939
- ^ Cranley, "Bridge of Misunderstanding: Shanghai's Waibaidu Qiao", http://shanghaiist.com/2008/02/19/bridge_of_misun.php
- ^ "Anti-Monarchists Slay Shanghai Governor: Admiral Tseng Ju Cheng Assassinated on Ride and His Secretary Wounded," The New York Times (10 November 1915):5; http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9F06E1D91239E333A25753C1A9679D946496D6CF
- ^ 上海鎮守使命喪外白渡日期：2009-03-15 作者：朱少偉 来源：新民晩報; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2011年7月21日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年5月1日閲覧。
- ^ “苏秉公”. 搜狐·. (2018年2月10日) 天津、汉口、苏州、杭州和重庆5个城市有过正式的日本租界，而上海从未有过日租界，所谓的上海日租界实际上只是人们对于虹口日本人聚居区和占领区的一种通常叫法
- ^ Christopher Bo Bramsen, Open Doors: Vilhelm Meyer and the Establishment of General Electric in China (Routledge, 2001):250.
- ^ Edna Lee Booker, Flight from China (New York: Macmillan, 1945):19.
- ^ Abend, Hallett (1932年1月31日). “Wild Turmoil in City; Japanese Increase Terror in Shanghai”. The New York Times
- ^ Abend, Hallett (1932年2月20日). “Barrage Covers Advance”. The New York Times
- ^ Philippine Magazine 34 (1937):252.
- ^ "Foreigners Assail Japanese Red Tape", The New York Times (31 August 1937); http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70C12F93C59177A93C3AA1783D85F438385F9
- ^ Damian Harper, Christopher Pitts, and Bradley Mayhew, eds., Shanghai, 3rd ed. (Lonely Planet, 2006):104.
- ^ Mark Gayn, Journey from the East: An Autobiography (A. A. Knopf, 1944):353.
- ^ "Death Stalks Shanghai: A City Racked by War", The New York Times (10 October 1937); http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20D17FD385A157A93C2A8178BD95F438385F9
- ^ Harold Burgoyne Rattenbury, China-Burma Vagabond (F. Muller ltd, 1946):171.
- ^ Kemp Tolley, Yangtze Patrol: The U.S. Navy in China (Naval Institute Press, 2000):272.
- ^ Lee, 4.
- ^ a b Gayn, 353.
- ^ Robert S. Elegant, From a Far Land (Random House, 1987):428.
- ^ Rena Krasno, Strangers Always: A Jewish Family in Wartime Shanghai (Pacific View Press, 1992):103, 134.
- ^ See also: Horst Eisfelder, Chinese Exile: My Years in Shanghai and Nanking (Avotaynu Inc, 2004):15-16.
- ^ Clark Lee, They Call It Pacific (Reprint: Kessinger Publishing, 2005):4.
- ^ Hallett Abend, My Life in China 1926-1941 (Reprint: READ BOOKS, 2007):282, 283.
- ^ "Capital of Shantin Falls," Chicago Tribune (27 December 1937)
- ^ "An 'Extraordinary' Step Intimated by Japanese," The New York Times (16 October 1937); http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0711FD34541B728DDDAF0994D8415B878FF1D3&ei=IMf5SfKSHKPsqwO_j_iqBg&usg=AFQjCNFt7aBd9Nll3ChUyopOeI2qzMrzmQ
- ^ "Gentle Bow", Time (28 February 1938); http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,931081,00.html
- ^ "American is Slapped by Japanese Sentry," The New York Times (23 June 1938); http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50A1EFA385C1B7A93C1AB178DD85F4C8385F9&ei=IMf5SfKSHKPsqwO_j_iqBg&usg=AFQjCNEvtft0yH4O2_c9Bj8LQk8Lx5geaQ
- ^ "Terror Grips Shanghai: Hurl Bombs at Japs," Chicago Tribune (7 July 1938).
- ^ Frederic E. Wakeman, The Shanghai Badlands: Wartime Terrorism and Urban Crime, 1937-1941 (Cambridge University Press, 2002):39.
- ^ "Britain Files New Protest," Prescott Evening Courier 56:181 (1 August 1938):1.
- ^ "Protest Japanese Stand: Complain Over Treatment of Women in Occupied Parts of Shanghai," The New York Times (2 August 1938):10.; http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10A12FC3A5C1B7A93C0A91783D85F4C8385F9&ei=tbT5SdvbPJKkqwPcqOyoBg&usg=AFQjCNEsdP8Q84zARv3ZwFc9f58htL5eDQ
- ^ Sigmund Tobias, Strange Haven: A Jewish Childhood in Wartime Shanghai (University of Illinois Press, 1999):42.
- ^ Emily Honig, Sisters and Strangers: Women in the Shanghai Cotton Mills, 1919-1949 (Stanford University Press, 1992):35.
- ^ Booker, 164.
- ^ a b c "Landmark City Bridge Sails Off for a Facelift," Shanghai Daily (7 April 2008); http://www.china.org.cn/environment/news/2008-04/07/content_14417771.htm
- ^ a b c d e f g "上海外白渡橋：百年老図紙成為“鎮館之宝”" [Shanghai Waibaidu: 100 Year Old Blueprint Becomes Treasure of Town Hall], 解放軍報 [Liberation Army Daily] (29 February 2008); http://www.godpp.gov.cn/yxzp_/2008-02/29/content_12577903.htm
- ^ Neale Hunter, Shanghai Journal: An Eyewitness Account of the Cultural Revolution (Beacon Press, 1971):90.
- ^ Lachlan Strahan, Australia's China: Changing Perceptions from the 1930s to the 1990s (Cambridge University Press, 1996):275.
- ^ Michael Schoenhals, China's Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969: Not a Dinner Party (M.E. Sharpe, 1996):145.
- ^ “Waibaidu Bridge - Shanghai”. Wikimapia.org. 2013年9月7日閲覧。
- ^ Shi Hua, "Waibaidu, Bridge Over Changing Waters," Shanghai Star (22 February 2000); http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/history/00-02-22/c14-bridge.html
- ^ "Tunnel Scheme Prompts Strengthening of Shanghai Bridge" (19 March 2007); http://www.bridgeweb.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/1177/Tunnel_scheme_prompts_strengthening_of_Shanghai_bridge.html
- ^ a b c d e f g h "A Bridge from the Past to the Future"; http://www.fbiim.cn/news&photos/news%20with%20pictures/200902news-pics/newswithpics2009234567890225.html
- ^ "Historic Waibaidu Bridge going on vacation... to Pudong"; Micah Sittig in News on (5 April 2008); http://shanghaiist.com/2008/04/05/historic_waibai.php; from Xinmin Evening Post, http://xmwb.news365.com.cn/zh/200804/t20080404_1820726.htm
- ^ "Shanghai's Century-old Bridge to be Renovated Ahead of World Expo" People's Daily Online (1 March 2008); http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/6363988.html
- ^ Lu, Wenjun, 上海：百年外白渡橋将進行整体移橋修繕 (Shanghai: Century-old Waibaidu Bridge Will Be Removed and Restored in its Entirety) 2008-03-01
- ^ Old Waibaidu Bridge removed from Shanghai's Bund Archived 2008年6月10日, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b "Historic Shanghai Bridge Set to be Reinstated" (17 February 2009); http://www.bridgeweb.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/1655/Historic_Shanghai_bridge_set_to_be_reinstated.html
- ^ Li Xinran, "Landmark Bridge to get Rust-Proof Parts," Shanghai Daily (25 June 2008); http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2008/200806/20080625/article_364511.htm
- ^ "'Grandma's Bridge' in Shanghai Reinstated After shipyard Repairs", People's Daily online (26 February 2009); http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/6601989.html
- ^ "Bridging the generations", Zhang Souqing, photograph and caption on page 1 of Shanghai Daily, 9 April 2009.
- ^ Mao Dun, in Midnight (English translation by Hsu Meng-hsiung and AC Barnes, ; Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1957):9; Alexander Townsend Des Forges, Mediasphere Shanghai: The Aesthetics of Cultural Production (University of Hawaii Press, 2007):132.
- ^ Paddy Bushe, The Nitpicking of Cranes (Dedalus Press, 2004):20.
- ^ Paddy Bushe and Bernard O'Donoghue, To Ring in Silence: New and Selected Poems (Dedalus Press, 2008):13.
- ^ a b William Arnold, "'Suzhou River' Casts a Pleasant Spell," Seattle Post-Intelligencer (2 March 2001); http://www.seattlepi.com/movies/suzhouq.shtml[リンク切れ]
- ^ a b c d "[地標]影視劇中的外白渡" [Television drama outside of the White Bridge] Sina Shanghai (14 April 2009); http://hi.online.sh.cn/content/2009-04/14/content_2922495.htm
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