ステレオタイプ脅威
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/02/08 05:53 UTC 版)
ステレオタイプ脅威（ステレオタイプきょうい、英: Stereotype threat）とは、自分が属する社会集団についての悪いステレオタイプを意識しすぎることで、実際にパフォーマンスが低下してしまう現象である[1][2][3][4][5][6]。例えば、女子学生や黒人学生に「女性は数学が苦手」「黒人は白人より知的能力が低い」というステレオタイプを意識させると、意識させない学生よりも点数が低くなることが実験により証明されている[2]。
- ^ “特集：無意識のわな ステレオタイプ脅威”. 日経サイエンス 2014年5月号. 2023年2月8日閲覧。
- ^ a b “ステレオタイプ脅威に負けないために ナラティブで人生のストーリーをポジティブに再構築する”. 株式会社インソース (2022年8月19日). 2023年2月8日閲覧。
- ^ “Stereotype threat widens achievement gap”. American Psychological Association. (2006年7月15日) 2019年10月12日閲覧。
- ^ “Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (5): 797–811. (November 1995). doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797. PMID 7473032. Pdf.
- ^ Steele, C. M. (June 1997). “A threat in the air. How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance”. The American Psychologist 52 (6): 613–629. doi:10.1037//0003-066x.52.6.613. ISSN 0003-066X. PMID 9174398.
- ^ “Stereotype Threat | SWD at NIH” (英語). diversity.nih.gov. 2020年9月2日閲覧。
- ^ Osborne, Jason W. (2001-07-01). “Testing Stereotype Threat: Does Anxiety Explain Race and Sex Differences in Achievement?” (英語). Contemporary Educational Psychology 26 (3): 291–310. doi:10.1006/ceps.2000.1052. ISSN 0361-476X. PMID 11414722.
- ^ Goldsmith, Pat António (April 2004). “Schools' Racial Mix, Students' Optimism, and the Black-White and Latino-White Achievement Gaps” (英語). Sociology of Education 77 (2): 121–147. doi:10.1177/003804070407700202. ISSN 0038-0407.
- ^ Ellison, Glenn; Swanson, Ashley (June 2010). “The Gender Gap in Secondary School Mathematics at High Achievement Levels: Evidence from the American Mathematics Competitions” (英語). Journal of Economic Perspectives 24 (2): 109–128. doi:10.1257/jep.24.2.109. ISSN 0895-3309.
- ^ a b “Being a member of a stigmatized group: stereotype threat”, Social psychology, New York: W.W. Norton, (2006), pp. 467–468, ISBN 9780393978759
- ^ “An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance”. Psychological Review 115 (2): 336–56. (April 2008). doi:10.1037/0033-295X.115.2.336. PMC 2570773. PMID 18426293.
- ^ Steele, Claude M.; Spencer, Steven J.; Aronson, Joshua (2002). Contending with group image: the psychology of stereotype and social identity threat. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 34. pp. 379–440. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(02)80009-0. ISBN 9780120152346
- ^ Steele, Claude M; Spencer, Steven J.; Aronson, Joshua (1964), “Contending with group image: the psychology of stereotype and social identity threat”, in Zanna, Mark P., Advances in experimental social psychology, volume 34, Amsterdam: Academic Press, pp. 379–440, ISBN 9780120152346.
- ^ “A threat in the air. How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance”. The American Psychologist 52 (6): 613–29. (June 1997). doi:10.1037/0003-066X.52.6.613. PMID 9174398.
- ^ “Unhealthy interactions: the role of stereotype threat in health disparities”. American Journal of Public Health 103 (1): 50–6. (January 2013). doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300828. PMC 3518353. PMID 23153125.
- ^ Feingold, Jonathon (2011). “Racing Towards Colorblindness: Stereotype Threat and the Myth of Meritocracy”. Georgetown Journal of Law and Modern Critical Race Perspectives 3.
- ^ “Stereotype threat and working memory: mechanisms, alleviation, and spillover”. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General 136 (2): 256–76. (May 2007). doi:10.1037/0096-3445.136.2.256. PMID 17500650.
- ^ a b Shih, Margaret J.; Pittinsky, Todd L.; Ho, Geoffrey C. (2011), “Stereotype boost: positive outcomes from the activation of positive stereotypes”, Stereotype threat: theory, process, and application, New York, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 5–6, 141–143, ISBN 9780199732449 Preview 1. Preview 2.
- ^ “An examination of stereotype threat effects on girls' mathematics performance”. Developmental Psychology 49 (10): 1886–97. (October 2013). doi:10.1037/a0031412. PMID 23356523.
- ^ “Can stereotype threat explain the gender gap in mathematics performance and achievement?”. Review of General Psychology 16: 93–102. (2012). doi:10.1037/a0026617. Pdf. Archived 2016-01-12 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ “On interpreting stereotype threat as accounting for African American-White differences on cognitive tests”. The American Psychologist 59 (1): 7–13. (January 2004). doi:10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.7. PMID 14736315.
- ^ author., Ritchie, Stuart (Stuart J.),. Science fictions : how fraud, bias, negligence, and hype undermine the search for truth PART II FAULTS AND FLAWS 4 Bias. Metropolitan Books. ISBN 978-1-250-22268-8. OCLC 1157465704
- ^ “Does stereotype threat influence performance of girls in stereotyped domains? A meta-analysis”. Journal of School Psychology 53 (1): 25–44. (February 2015). doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2014.10.002. PMID 25636259.
- ^ “Twenty Years of Stereotype Threat Research: A Review of Psychological Mediators”. PLOS ONE 11 (1): e0146487. (2016-01-11). Bibcode: 2016PLoSO..1146487P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146487. PMC 4713435. PMID 26752551.
- ^ “Does stereotype threat affect test performance of minorities and women? A meta-analysis of experimental evidence”. The Journal of Applied Psychology 93 (6): 1314–34. (November 2008). doi:10.1037/a0012702. PMID 19025250.
- ^ Walton, Gregory M.; Spencer, Steven J. (2009-09-01). “Latent Ability: Grades and Test Scores Systematically Underestimate the Intellectual Ability of Negatively Stereotyped Students”. Psychological Science 20 (9): 1132–1139. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02417.x. ISSN 0956-7976. PMID 19656335.
- ^ Gentile, Ambra; Boca, Stefano; Giammusso, Isabella (2018-11-01). “'You play like a Woman!' Effects of gender stereotype threat on Women's performance in physical and sport activities: A meta-analysis”. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 39: 95–103. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.07.013. ISSN 1469-0292.
- ^ Lamont, Ruth A.; Swift, Hannah J.; Abrams, Dominic (2015). “A Review and Meta-Analysis of Age-Based Stereotype Threat: Negative Stereotypes, Not Facts, Do the Damage.”. Psychology and Aging 30 (1): 180–193. doi:10.1037/a0038586. ISSN 1939-1498. PMC 4360754. PMID 25621742.
- ^ Picho, Katherine; Rodriguez, Ariel; Finnie, Lauren (May 2013). “Exploring the Moderating Role of Context on the Mathematics Performance of Females Under Stereotype Threat: A Meta-Analysis”. The Journal of Social Psychology 153 (3): 299–333. doi:10.1080/00224545.2012.737380. PMID 23724702.
- ^ Liu, Songqi; Liu, Pei; Wang, Mo; Zhang, Baoshan (July 2020). “Effectiveness of Stereotype Threat Interventions: A Meta-Analytic Review”. Journal of Applied Psychology currently in press. doi:10.1037/apl0000770. PMID 32772526.
- ^ Flore, Paulette C.; Mulder, Joris; Wicherts, Jelte M. (2018). “The influence of gender stereotype threat on mathematics test scores of Dutch high school students: A registered report” (English). Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology 3 (2): 140–174. doi:10.1080/23743603.2018.1559647. ISSN 2374-3603.
- ^ a b Shewach, Oren R.; Sackett, Paul R.; Quint, Sander (2019-12). “Stereotype threat effects in settings with features likely versus unlikely in operational test settings: A meta-analysis.”. Journal of Applied Psychology 104 (12): 1514–1534. doi:10.1037/apl0000420. ISSN 1939-1854.
[続きの解説]
「ステレオタイプ脅威」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 ステレオタイプ脅威とは
- 2 ステレオタイプ脅威の概要
- 3 脚注
- 4 外部リンク
- ステレオタイプ脅威のページへのリンク
