グルタミン酸トランスポーター
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2020/06/10 14:58 UTC 版)
グルタミン酸トランスポーター（グルタミンさんトランスポーター、英: glutamate transporter）は、膜を越えたグルタミン酸の輸送を担う神経伝達物質輸送体ファミリーである。グルタミン酸は、主要な興奮性神経伝達物質である。グルタミン酸トランスポーターファミリーは、興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター (excitatory amino acid transporter, EAAT) ファミリーと小胞型グルタミン酸トランスポーター (vesicular glutamate transporter, VGLUT) ファミリーの2つの主要なサブクラスから構成される。脳では、EAATはグリア細胞と神経細胞へのグルタミン酸の再取り込みによって、シナプス間隙やシナプス外部位からグルタミン酸を除去する。一方、VGLUTは細胞質からシナプス小胞へのグルタミン酸の移動を担う。グルタミン酸トランスポーターはアスパラギン酸も輸送し、心臓、肝臓、精巣、骨を含む、事実上すべての末梢組織に存在している。グルタミン酸に関してはL-グルタミン酸に対する立体選択性を示すが、アスパラギン酸に関してはL-アスパラギン酸もD-アスパラギン酸も輸送が行われる。
注釈
- ^ 小胞は細胞質より酸性である。
出典
- ^ a b c “Chapter 15, Glutamate transporter dysfunction and neuronal death” (英語). Ionotropic glutamate receptors in the CNS. Berlin: Springer. (1999). pp. 472–493. ISBN 3-540-66120-4
- ^ “Flux coupling in a neuronal glutamate transporter” (英語). Nature 383 (6601): 634–37. (1996). doi:10.1038/383634a0. PMID 8857541.
- ^ a b c “Molecular pharmacology of glutamate transporters, EAATs and VGLUTs” (英語). Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 45 (3): 250–65. (2004). doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.04.004. PMID 15210307.
- ^ “TNF alpha potentiates glutamate neurotoxicity by inhibiting glutamate uptake in organotypic brain slice cultures: neuroprotection by NF kappa B inhibition” (英語). Brain Res. 1034 (1–2): 11–24. (2005). doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.11.014. PMID 15713255.
- ^ “Glial modulators as potential treatments of psychostimulant abuse” (英語). Adv. Pharmacol. 69: 1–69. (2014). doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-420118-7.00001-9. PMC: 4103010. PMID 24484974.
- ^ “Methamphetamine and HIV-1-induced neurotoxicity: role of trace amine associated receptor 1 cAMP signaling in astrocytes” (英語). Neuropharmacology 85: 499–507. (October 2014). doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.06.011. PMC: 4315503. PMID 24950453. "TAAR1 overexpression significantly decreased EAAT-2 levels and glutamate clearance ... METH treatment activated TAAR1 leading to intracellular cAMP in human astrocytes and modulated glutamate clearance abilities. Furthermore, molecular alterations in astrocyte TAAR1 levels correspond to changes in astrocyte EAAT-2 levels and function."
- ^ a b c d “Designing Novel Nanoformulations Targeting Glutamate Transporter Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2: Implications in Treating Drug Addiction” (英語). J. Pers. Nanomed. 1 (1): 3–9. (July 2015). PMC: 4666545. PMID 26635971. "The glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1)/ excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is responsible for the reuptake of more than 90% glutamate in the CNS [12–14]."
- ^ a b “Amphetamine modulates excitatory neurotransmission through endocytosis of the glutamate transporter EAAT3 in dopamine neurons” (英語). Neuron 83 (2): 404–16. (July 2014). doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.043. PMC: 4159050. PMID 25033183. "The dependence of EAAT3 internalization on the DAT also suggests that the two transporters might be internalized together. We found that EAAT3 and DAT are expressed in the same cells, as well as in axons and dendrites. However, the subcellular co-localization of the two neurotransmitter transporters remains to be established definitively by high resolution electron microscopy."
- ^ a b “The density of EAAC1 (EAAT3) glutamate transporters expressed by neurons in the mammalian CNS” (英語). J Neurosci 32 (17): 6000–13. (2012). doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5347-11.2012. PMC: 4031369. PMID 22539860.
- ^ a b c Danbolt NC (2001). “Glutamate uptake”. Prog. Neurobiol. 65 (1): 1–105. doi:10.1016/S0301-0082(00)00067-8. PMID 11369436.
- ^ a b Principles of neural science. Kandel, Eric R. (5th ed ed.). New York. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-07-139011-8. OCLC 795553723
- ^ a b “The concentrations and distributions of three C-terminal variants of the GLT1 (EAAT2; slc1a2) glutamate transporter protein in rat brain tissue suggest differential regulation” (英語). Neuroscience 162 (4): 1055–71. (2009). doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.048. PMID 19328838. "Since then, a family of five high-affinity glutamate transporters has been characterized that is responsible for the precise regulation of glutamate levels at both synaptic and extrasynaptic sites, although the glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) is responsible for more than 90% of glutamate uptake in the brain.3 The importance of GLT1 is further highlighted by the large number of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Clarification of nomenclature: The major glial glutamate transporter is referred to as GLT1 in the rodent literature and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in the human literature."
- ^ “Differential expression of two glial glutamate transporters in the rat brain: quantitative and immunocytochemical observations” (英語). J Neurosci 15 (3): 1835–53. (1995). doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-03-01835.1995. PMC: 6578153. PMID 7891138.
- ^ “A quantitative assessment of glutamate uptake into hippocampal synaptic terminals and astrocytes: new insights into a neuronal role for excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2)” (英語). Neuroscience 157 (1): 80–94. (2008). doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.08.043. PMC: 2775085. PMID 18805467.
- ^ “Astrocyte glutamate transport: review of properties, regulation, and physiological functions” (英語). Glia 32 (1): 1–14. (2000). doi:10.1002/1098-1136(200010)32:1<1::aid-glia10>3.3.co;2-n. PMID 10975906.
- ^ “Developmental expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 5: a photoreceptor and bipolar cell glutamate transporter in rat retina” (英語). Neurosci. Lett. 280 (1): 21–4. (2000). doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00988-X. PMID 10696802.
- ^ “Glutamate in some retinal neurons is derived solely from glia” (英語). Neuroscience 60 (2): 355–66. (1994). doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90249-6. PMID 7915410.
- ^ “Adenosine triphosphate-dependent uptake of glutamate into protein I-associated synaptic vesicles” (英語). J. Biol. Chem. 258 (2): 696–9. (January 1983). PMID 6130088.
- ^ “Identification of a vesicular aspartate transporter” (英語). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (33): 11720–4. (August 2008). doi:10.1073/pnas.0804015105. PMC: 2575331. PMID 18695252.
- ^ “The identification of vesicular glutamate transporter 3 suggests novel modes of signaling by glutamate” (英語). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 (22): 14488–93. (2002). doi:10.1073/pnas.222546799. PMC: 137910. PMID 12388773.
- ^ “A third vesicular glutamate transporter expressed by cholinergic and serotoninergic neurons” (英語). The Journal of Neuroscience 22 (13): 5442–51. (2002). doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-13-05442.2002. PMID 12097496.
- ^ “Molecular cloning and functional identification of mouse vesicular glutamate transporter 3 and its expression in subsets of novel excitatory neurons” (英語). The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (52): 50734–48. (2002). doi:10.1074/jbc.M206738200. PMID 12384506.
- ^ “Molecular cloning and functional characterization of human vesicular glutamate transporter 3” (英語). EMBO Reports 3 (8): 798–803. (2002). doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvf159. PMC: 1084213. PMID 12151341.
- ^ “Impairment of SLC17A8 encoding vesicular glutamate transporter-3, VGLUT3, underlies nonsyndromic deafness DFNA25 and inner hair cell dysfunction in null mice” (英語). American Journal of Human Genetics 83 (2): 278–92. (2008). doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.07.008. PMC: 2495073. PMID 18674745.
- ^ “Sensorineural deafness and seizures in mice lacking vesicular glutamate transporter 3” (英語). Neuron 57 (2): 263–75. (2008). doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.11.032. PMC: 2293283. PMID 18215623.
- ^ Marcoux, Frank W., ed (2002). “Chapter 1, Blocking Excitotoxicity” (英語). CNS neuroprotection. Berlin: Springer. pp. 3–36. ISBN 3-540-42412-1
- ^ a b “Excitotoxic mechanisms and the role of astrocytic glutamate transporters in traumatic brain injury” (英語). Neurochem. Int. 48 (5): 394–403. (2006). doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2005.12.001. PMID 16473439.
- ^ a b c d “Potential role of N-acetylcysteine in the management of substance use disorders” (英語). CNS Drugs 28 (2): 95–106. (2014). doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0142-x. PMC: 4009342. PMID 24442756.
[続きの解説]
「グルタミン酸トランスポーター」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 グルタミン酸トランスポーターとは
- 2 グルタミン酸トランスポーターの概要
- 3 脚注
- グルタミン酸トランスポーターのページへのリンク
