パルミトイルエタノールアミドとは？わかりやすく解説

Palmitoylethanolamide、略称はPEA^[1]、内因性脂肪酸アミドの一種であり^[2]^[3]、抗炎症鎮痛作用がある^[4]。天然に存在する生物学的に活性な脂質で、動物や植物にも存在する^[5]。PEAの主要な標的の1つはペルオキシソーム増殖剤活性化受容体（PPAR−α）であると考えられている^[6]^[7]。PEAはカンナビノイド受容体GPR55およびGPR119に対しても親和性を有する^[8]。

研究と生産

Palmitoylethanolamide、1957年に発見され^[9]^[10]、食品や多くの生体内に生理活性成分として存在している^[11]。消炎鎮痛薬としての適応症は1980年以前にさかのぼる。1990年代半ばには、PEAとの関係が記述されている^[12]。2021年4月、中国に拠点を置く医薬品メーカー^[13]CofttekはPEAの大量生産を導入した^[14]。

脚注

^ “Palmitoylethanolamide controls reactive gliosis and exerts neuroprotective functions in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease”. Nature (Cell Death and Disease). (11 September 2014)
^ Ronald Ross Watson; Victor R. Preedy (11 September 2014). Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease: Prevention and Therapy. Academic Press. pp. 166–. ISBN 978-0-12-411529-3
^ “Palmitoylethanolamide induces microglia changes associated with increased migration and phagocytic activity: involvement of the CB2 receptor”. Nature (Scientific Reports). (23 March 2017)
^ Nervous System Trauma: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition: ScholarlyBrief. ScholarlyEditions. (22 July 2013). pp. 15–. ISBN 978-1-4816-5451-7
^ Chiara Noli; Silvia Colombo (15 June 2020). Feline Dermatology. Springer Nature. pp. 484–. ISBN 978-3-030-29836-4
^ “Cannabinoids go nuclear: evidence for activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors”. British Journal of Pharmacology 152 (5): 576–82. (November 2007). doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707423. PMC 2190029. PMID 17704824.
^ “The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha mediates the anti-inflammatory actions of palmitoylethanolamide”. Molecular Pharmacology 67 (1): 15–9. (January 2005). doi:10.1124/mol.104.006353. PMID 15465922.
^ Godlewski G, Offertáler L, Wagner JA, Kunos G (September 2009). “Receptors for acylethanolamides-GPR55 and GPR119”. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 89 (3–4): 105–11. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.07.001. PMC 2751869. PMID 19615459.
^ Hesselink, Jan M Keppel; Kopsky, David J. “Palmitoylethanolamide, a neutraceutical, in nerve compression syndromes: efficacy and safety in sciatic pain and carpal tunnel syndrome”. National Center for Biotechnology Information (Journal of Pain Research) 8. doi:10.2147/JPR.S93106. PMID 26604814.
^ Hesselink, J. M. Keppel; Boer, Tineke de; Witkamp, Renger F. (3 June 2021). “Palmitoylethanolamide: A Natural Body-Own Anti-Inflammatory Agent, Effective and Safe against Influenza and Common Cold”. National Center for Biotechnology Information (International Journal of Inflammation) 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/151028. PMID 24066256 3 June 2021閲覧。.
^ Hesselink, Jan M. Keppel; Costagliola, Ciro; Fakhry, Josiane; Kopsky, David J.. “Palmitoylethanolamide, a Natural Retinoprotectant: Its Putative Relevance for the Treatment of Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy”. National Center for Biotechnology Information (Journal of Ophthalmology) 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/430596. PMID 26664738 3 June 2021閲覧。
^ Facci L, Dal Toso R, Romanello S, Buriani A, Skaper SD, Leon A (April 1995). “Mast cells express a peripheral cannabinoid receptor with differential sensitivity to anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92 (8): 3376–80. Bibcode: 1995PNAS...92.3376F. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.8.3376. PMC 42169. PMID 7724569.
^ “China fires back at U.S. allegations of lack of transparency”. Associated Press. (14 February 2021)
^ “US introduces FDA drug ultramicronized PEA for COVID-19 patients”. (23 April 2021)

[1] “Palmitoylethanolamide controls reactive gliosis and exerts neuroprotective functions in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease”. Nature (Cell Death and Disease). (11 September 2014)

[WatsonPreedy2014-2] Ronald Ross Watson; Victor R. Preedy (11 September 2014). Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease: Prevention and Therapy. Academic Press. pp. 166–. ISBN 978-0-12-411529-3

[3] “Palmitoylethanolamide induces microglia changes associated with increased migration and phagocytic activity: involvement of the CB2 receptor”. Nature (Scientific Reports). (23 March 2017)

[4] Nervous System Trauma: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition: ScholarlyBrief. ScholarlyEditions. (22 July 2013). pp. 15–. ISBN 978-1-4816-5451-7

[NoliColombo2020-5] Chiara Noli; Silvia Colombo (15 June 2020). Feline Dermatology. Springer Nature. pp. 484–. ISBN 978-3-030-29836-4

[O'Sullivan-6] “Cannabinoids go nuclear: evidence for activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors”. British Journal of Pharmacology 152 (5): 576–82. (November 2007). doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707423. PMC 2190029. PMID 17704824.

[LoVerme2005-7] “The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha mediates the anti-inflammatory actions of palmitoylethanolamide”. Molecular Pharmacology 67 (1): 15–9. (January 2005). doi:10.1124/mol.104.006353. PMID 15465922.

[Godlewski2009-8] Godlewski G, Offertáler L, Wagner JA, Kunos G (September 2009). “Receptors for acylethanolamides-GPR55 and GPR119”. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 89 (3–4): 105–11. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.07.001. PMC 2751869. PMID 19615459.

[Hesselink_Kopsky_p.-9] Hesselink, Jan M Keppel; Kopsky, David J. “Palmitoylethanolamide, a neutraceutical, in nerve compression syndromes: efficacy and safety in sciatic pain and carpal tunnel syndrome”. National Center for Biotechnology Information (Journal of Pain Research) 8. doi:10.2147/JPR.S93106. PMID 26604814.

[Hesselink_Boer_Witkamp_2021_p.-10] Hesselink, J. M. Keppel; Boer, Tineke de; Witkamp, Renger F. (3 June 2021). “Palmitoylethanolamide: A Natural Body-Own Anti-Inflammatory Agent, Effective and Safe against Influenza and Common Cold”. National Center for Biotechnology Information (International Journal of Inflammation) 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/151028. PMID 24066256 3 June 2021閲覧。.

[Hesselink_Costagliola_Fakhry_Kopsky_p.-11] Hesselink, Jan M. Keppel; Costagliola, Ciro; Fakhry, Josiane; Kopsky, David J.. “Palmitoylethanolamide, a Natural Retinoprotectant: Its Putative Relevance for the Treatment of Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy”. National Center for Biotechnology Information (Journal of Ophthalmology) 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/430596. PMID 26664738 3 June 2021閲覧。

[Facci1995-12] Facci L, Dal Toso R, Romanello S, Buriani A, Skaper SD, Leon A (April 1995). “Mast cells express a peripheral cannabinoid receptor with differential sensitivity to anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92 (8): 3376–80. Bibcode: 1995PNAS...92.3376F. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.8.3376. PMC 42169. PMID 7724569.

[Coronavirus_2021-13] “China fires back at U.S. allegations of lack of transparency”. Associated Press. (14 February 2021)

[Vents_Magazine_2021-14] “US introduces FDA drug ultramicronized PEA for COVID-19 patients”. (23 April 2021)

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分子式：	C₁₈H₃₇NO₂
その他の名称：	インプルシン、パルミドロール、Impulsin、Palmidrol、パルミチン酸モノエタノールアミド、N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)palmitic amide、N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)パルミチン酸アミド、Palmitic acid monoethanolamide、N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide、N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)palmitamide、ローラミンP-256、Loramine P-256、パルミチルエタノールアミド、Palmitylethanolamide、N-パルミトイルエタノールアミン、N-Palmitoylethanolamine、AM-3112、パルミトイルエタノールアミド、Palmitoylethanolamide、N-パルミトイルエタノールアミド、N-Palmitoylethanolamide、PalEtn、2-(Palmitoylamino)ethanol、2-Palmitoylaminoethanol
体系名：	2-(パルミトイルアミノ)エタノール、2-パルミトイルアミノエタノール、N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)パルミトアミド、N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)ヘキサデカンアミド


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パルミトイルエタノールアミドとは？ わかりやすく解説

パルミトイルエタノールアミド

パルミトイルエタノールアミド

研究と生産

脚注

「パルミトイルエタノールアミド」の関連用語

パルミトイルエタノールアミドとは？わかりやすく解説