ビデンデンのおとめ
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2020/08/30 08:41 UTC 版)
メアリとエリザ・チャルクハースト（Mary and Eliza Chulkhurst）は1100年にイギリス、ケント州のビデンデンで生まれたと考えられている結合双生児である。広くビデンデンのおとめ(Biddenden Maids)という名でも知られ、肩と腰がつながったまま34歳まで生きたと伝えられている。パンとチーズのくに(The Bread and Cheese Lands)として知られる5つの地所を村に遺贈し、復活祭ごとにそこで得られた利益を元手にして貧しい人々へ食べ物と飲み物がふるまわれた。少なくとも1775年にはビデンデンのケーキと呼ばれる固焼きビスケットがともに供されるようになり、そこには2人のつながった女性の姿が型押しされていた。
- ^ 訳注:Committee for Plundered Ministers
- ^ The Pitt Rivers Museum claims that Biddenden church at one time featured a stained glass window depicting the Biddenham Maids, citing a purported poem found in "old charity documents" as evidence, which supposedly read The moon on the east side oriel shone / Through slender shafts of shapely stone / The silver light, so pale and faint / Shewed the twin sisters and many a saint / Whose images on the glass were dyed / Mysterious maidens side by side / The moon beam kissed the holy pane / And threw on the pavement a mystic stain.[10] This is in fact an extract from Walter Scott's 1805 The Lay of the Last Minstrel, describing Melrose Abbey; the line given as "Shewed the twin sisters and many a saint" reads Show'd many a prophet and many a saint in the original.[11]
- ^ UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Measuring Worth: UK CPI. The rural Kent economy in this period was based on tenant farming and involved significant amounts of barter and payment in kind. Consumer pricing does not translate accurately into modern equivalents.
- ^ It has been claimed that an account of the Maids was published in 1660, but this is believed to be a later addition which was pasted into the 1660 book.[16]
- ^ No family named Preston is recorded as having lived in or near Biddenden during the period in question. Records exist of a family named Chulkhurst living in Biddenden in the 17th and 18th centuries.[20]
- ^ Hasted was an expert on genealogy and topography but knew little about folklore and local tradition, and later critics have often been sceptical regarding his accuracy, especially regarding social and biographical history.[18][21] His contemporary (and Member of Parliament for nearby Maidstone) Samuel Egerton Brydges described him as "a little, mean-looking man, with a long face and a high nose; quick in his movements, and sharp in his manner: he had no imagination or sentiment; nor any extraordinary quality of the mind, except memory."[22]
- ^ 後世の論者はチェンバースがヘイステッドの主張を容認し、結合双生児の伝説についても安易に退けているというが[24]、チェンバースはヘイステッドとは異なり伝承が事実である可能性もあると含みを残している[23]。あくまでチェンバースの結論は、姉妹が実在したという証拠が欠けており、ビデンデンのビスケットにある姿についていえることは、「慈善事業の施し一般にみられるもの」であり、双子の物も変わった意匠のビスケットを説明するために人々が生み出した逸話である可能性が高い、ということである[23]
- ^ A quartern loaf used a quarter of a stone (3½ lb; 1.6 kg) of flour.[7]
- ^ One source claims that the sisters were taken to the monks at Battle Abbey and that they were buried in Hastings, but there is no evidence for this.[16] (No grave is visible near the rector's pew, but the church organ is situated in the site described and it may cover the grave.[13]).
- ^ The point about the style of dress depicted on the cakes being that of the 16th, not the 12th, century had previously been made by an anonymous contributor to Notes and Queries in 1856.[3]
- ^ Millie and Christine McCoy, born into slavery in Columbus County, North Carolina in 1851, lived into their 60s and enjoyed a successful musical career under the stage name of "The Two Headed Nightingale". They were particular favourites of Queen Victoria, who met with them each time they toured England. They retired wealthy in 1900, dying of tuberculosis in 1912.[37]
- ^ The Bread and Cheese Lands are today occupied by housing, known as the Chulkhurst Estate.[20]
- ^ a b Bondeson 2006, pp. 237–238.
- ^ What are conjoined twins?, BBC 2010年10月15日閲覧。
- ^ a b c d "Cheverells" (1856-11-22), “Folk Lore”, Notes and Queries (London: Chappell & Co.): 404–405
- ^ a b c d Bondeson 1992, p. 217.
- ^ a b c d e f g Bondeson 2006, p. 238.
- ^ Jerrold 1914, p. 218.
- ^ a b c d e Hasted, Edward (1798), “Parishes: Biddenden”, The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent (British History Online): 130–141
- ^ Bondeson 2006, p. 258.
- ^ Bondeson 2006, pp. 238–239.
- ^ a b c Imaging of the Biddenden Maids, Oxford: Pitt Rivers Museum 2010年10月13日閲覧。
- ^ Scott 1855, p. 24.
- ^ a b c d e Urban 1770, p. 372.
- ^ a b Bondeson 2006, p. 239.
- ^ “Leicester Agricultural and Archæological Society”, The Ecclesiologist (Cambridge: Cambridge Camden Society) 27 (66): 388, (1860-12)
- ^ “Home”. Biddenden Parish Council. 2010年11月22日閲覧。
- ^ a b c d e Bondeson 1992, p. 218.
- ^ Bondeson 2006, pp. 241–242.
- ^ a b Bondeson 2006, p. 242.
- ^ a b Bondeson 2006, p. 245.
- ^ a b c d e Bondeson 2006, p. 241.
- ^ Jerrold 1914, p. 219.
- ^ Timbs 1834, p. 96.
- ^ a b c Chambers 1863, p. 427.
- ^ a b c Bondeson 2006, p. 257.
- ^ Heaton, J. D. (1869-04-17), “United Twins”, British Medical Journal (London: British Medical Association) 1869 (1): 363
- ^ a b Bondeson 2006, p. 243.
- ^ Lloyd, George (1866-02-10), “Chulkhurst: The Biddenden Maids”, Notes and Queries (London: Chappell & Co): 122
- ^ Hone 1830, p. 445.
- ^ a b Bondeson 2006, p. 240.
- ^ a b Bondeson 1992, p. 219.
- ^ a b Bondeson 2006, p. 244.
- ^ Coles Finch 1933, p. 92.
- ^ Bondeson 2006, p. 246.
- ^ a b Bondeson 1992, p. 220.
- ^ Bondeson 2006, p. 247.
- ^ Bondeson 2006, p. 248.
- ^ Bondeson 2006, pp. 248–249.
- ^ Bondeson 1992, p. 221.
- ^ Charity Commission. BIDDENDEN CONSOLIDATED CHARITY, registered charity no. 209504.
- ^ "An Old Kent Charity". News in Brief. The Times (英語) (51662). London. 11 April 1950. col D, p. 3.
- ^ "Cheese Charity Resumed". News in Brief. The Times (英語) (51959). London. 27 March 1951. col C, p. 2.
- ^ Bondeson 2006, p. 237.
[続きの解説]
「ビデンデンのおとめ」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 ビデンデンのおとめとは
- 2 ビデンデンのおとめの概要
- 3 伝説の真贋
- 4 現代
- 5 脚注
- 6 外部リンク
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