相同的組換とは - わかりやすく解説 Weblio辞書

相同組換え

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/01/06 15:31 UTC 版)

相同組換え（そうどうくみかえ、英: homologous recombination、略称: HR）は遺伝的組換えの一種であり、2つの類似したまたは同一の核酸分子（生物では通常DNAであるが、ウイルスではRNAの場合もある）の間でヌクレオチド配列が交換される過程である。相同組換えは、DNA二本鎖の双方の鎖に起こった有害な切断（二本鎖切断）を正確に修復するために細胞で最も広く利用されている手法である。また、真核生物が精子や卵といった配偶子細胞を形成する過程である減数分裂において、相同組換えによってDNA配列の新たな組み合わせが作り出される。このようにして生じたDNAの新たな組み合わせによって子孫に遺伝的多様性がもたらされ、進化過程における集団の適応を可能にする^[1]。相同組換えは遺伝子の水平伝播でも利用されており、細菌やウイルスのさまざまな系統や種の間で遺伝物質の交換が行われる。

出典

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