過剰消費
(Overconsumption (economics) から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/03/15 02:49 UTC 版)
過剰消費（かじょうしょうひ、overconsumption ）とは、人類が天然資源を持続可能な生産力を超えて消費している状態をいう。この用語は必ずしも統一された定義を持っているわけではないが、[1] ここでは辞書などで定義されている意味、例えば「アルコールの過剰消費はアルコール中毒につながる」[2]といった単純な文字通りの意味ではなく、「天然資源を地球環境に悪影響を与えるまで消費した」という意味で使われる場合について述べる。しばしばそれは過剰利用（overuse）という用語と同義である。天然資源とくに化石燃料の過剰消費はわずか100年ほどのことだがすでに地球温暖化やプラスチック汚染などの壊滅的な地球環境悪化を引き起こした。
- ^ Kjellberg, H. (2008). Market practices and over‐consumption. Consumption, Markets, and Culture, 11(2), 151-167.
- ^ Merriam-Webster definition of overconsumption includes this example: "overconsumption of alcohol".https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/overconsumption
- ^ Making peace with nature: a scientific blueprint to tackle the climate, biodiversity and pollution emergencies. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (18 February 2021). ISBN 978-92-807-3837-7 2021年3月11日閲覧。 Job no DEW/2335/NA. See document for conditions of reuse.
- ^ a b Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Beattie, Andrew; Ceballos, Gerardo; Crist, Eileen; Diamond, Joan; Dirzo, Rodolfo; Ehrlich, Anne H. et al. (2021). “Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future”. Frontiers in Conservation Science 1. doi:10.3389/fcosc.2020.615419.
- ^ Ceballos, Gerardo; Ehrlich, Paul R; Dirzo, Rodolfo (23 May 2017). “Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines”. PNAS 114 (30): E6089–E6096. doi:10.1073/pnas.1704949114. PMC 5544311. PMID 28696295. "Much less frequently mentioned are, however, the ultimate drivers of those immediate causes of biotic destruction, namely, human overpopulation and continued population growth, and overconsumption, especially by the rich. These drivers, all of which trace to the fiction that perpetual growth can occur on a finite planet, are themselves increasing rapidly."
- ^ Ceballos, Gerardo; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Barnosky, Anthony D.; García, Andrés; Pringle, Robert M.; Palmer, Todd M. (2015). “Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction”. Science Advances 1 (5): e1400253. Bibcode: 2015SciA....1E0253C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400253. PMC 4640606. PMID 26601195. ""All of these are related to human population size and growth, which increases consumption (especially among the rich), and economic inequity.""
- ^ Diamond, Jared (2008年1月2日). “Opinion | What’s Your Consumption Factor?” (英語). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 2023年12月14日閲覧。
- ^ Richard Dobbs, James Manyika, Jonathan Woetzel, Jaana Remes, Jesko Perrey, Greg Kelly, Kanaka Pattabiraman, and Hemant Sharma. (2016, March). Urban world: The global consumers to watch. Retrieved November 05, 2017, from https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/urbanization/urban-world-the-global-consumers-to-watch
- ^ Biologists say half of all species could be extinct by end of the century. The Guardian. February 25, 2017.
- ^ Li, J., & Yu, K. (2011). A study on legislative and policy tools for promoting the circular economic model for waste management in China. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 13(2), 103-112.
- ^ Gao, J., & Tian, M. (2016). Analysis of over-consumption of natural resources and the ecological trade deficit in China based on ecological footprints. Ecological Indicators, 61, 899-904.
- ^ Pan, J. (2012). From industrial toward ecological in China. Science, 336(6087), 1397-1397.
- ^ Renner, Michael (January 2006). “Chapter 1: China, India, and the New World Order”. State of the world 2005: A Worldwatch Institute Report on progress toward a sustainable society.. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-32666-7. OCLC 57470324 2009年9月14日閲覧。
- ^ Ripple, William J.; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M; Barnard, Phoebe; Moomaw, William R (November 5, 2019). “World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency”. BioScience 70: 8–12. doi:10.1093/biosci/biz088. hdl:1808/30278 2020年9月1日閲覧。.
- ^ Carrington, Damian (2019年11月5日). “Climate crisis: 11,000 scientists warn of 'untold suffering'”. The Guardian 2020年9月1日閲覧。
- ^ Stokstad, Erik (2019年5月5日). “Landmark analysis documents the alarming global decline of nature” (英語). Science. AAAS. 2020年9月1日閲覧。
- ^ Blest, Paul (2019年5月6日). “The Planet Is Going Extinct and the People in Power Don't Seem to Care”. Splinter News 2020年9月1日閲覧。
- ^ The World Bank Group - www.worldbank.org. (n.d.). The developing world’s 4.5 billion low-income people already have a $5 trillion market. Retrieved November 05, 2017, from http://datatopics.worldbank.org/consumption/market
- ^ The 25 Largest Consumer's Markets ... And The Outlook For 2015. (n.d.). Retrieved November 05, 2017, from https://www.internationalbusinessguide.org/25-largest-consumers-markets-outlook-2015/
- ^ "The Story of Stuff" – via www.youtube.com.
- ^ Kuppelweiser, Volker G; Klaus, Phil; Manthiou, Aikaterini; Boujena, Othman (March 2019). “Consumer Responses to planned obsolescence”. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 47: 157–165. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.11.014.
- ^ Wiedmann, Thomas; Lenzen, Manfred; Keyßer, Lorenz T.; Steinberger, Julia K. (2020). “Scientists' warning on affluence”. Nature Communications 11 (3107): 3107. Bibcode: 2020NatCo..11.3107W. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16941-y. PMC 7305220. PMID 32561753.
- ^ “Overconsumption and growth economy key drivers of environmental crises” (Press release). Phys.org. University of New South Wales. 2022年12月22日閲覧。
- ^ Dalton, Jane (2020年8月26日). “Go vegetarian to save wildlife and the planet, Sir David Attenborough urges”. The Independent. オリジナルの2022年5月24日時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年2月9日閲覧。
- ^ Diamond, Jared: (2008-01-02). "What's Your Consumption Factor?" The New York Times
- ^ Best, Steven (2014). The Politics of Total Liberation: Revolution for the 21st Century. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 97, 160. doi:10.1057/9781137440723. ISBN 978-1137471116
- ^ Benatar, David (2015). “The Misanthropic Argument for Anti-natalism”. In S. Hannan; S. Brennan; R. Vernon. Permissible Progeny?: The Morality of Procreation and Parenting. Oxford University Press. p. 44. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199378111.003.0002. ISBN 978-0199378128
- ^ Devlin, Hannah (2018年7月19日). “Rising global meat consumption 'will devastate environment'”. The Guardian 2018年7月26日閲覧。
- ^ Godfray, H. Charles J.; Aveyard, Paul (2018). “Meat consumption, health, and the environment”. Science 361 (6399). Bibcode: 2018Sci...361M5324G. doi:10.1126/science.aam5324. PMID 30026199.
- ^ Willett, Walter; Rockström, Johan; Tilman, David; Godfray, H. Charles J.; Fanzo, Jess; Loken, Brent; Rayner, Mike; Scarborough, Peter et al. (October 2018). “Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits”. Nature 562 (7728): 519–525. Bibcode: 2018Natur.562..519S. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0594-0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 30305731.
- ^ “Wild mammals make up only a few percent of the world’s mammals”. Our World in Data. 2023年12月20日閲覧。
- ^ “This is now the world's greatest threat – and it's not coronavirus”. World Economic Forum (2020年7月21日). 2020年8月5日閲覧。
- ^ “Theoretical Physicists Say 90% Chance of Societal Collapse Within Several Decades”. Vice (2020年7月28日). 2020年8月9日閲覧。
- ^ Bologna, Mauro; Aquino, Gerardo (2020-05-06). “Deforestation and world population sustainability: a quantitative analysis”. Scientific Reports 10 (1): 7631. arXiv:2006.12202. Bibcode: 2020NatSR..10.7631B. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63657-6. PMC 7203172. PMID 32376879.
- ^ Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Consumption and Production: Priority Products and Materials Archived 13 May 2016 at the Portuguese Web Archive 2010, International Resource Panel, United Nations Environment Programme
- ^ Pachauri, R.K.; Meyer, L.A. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC. p. 24 2020年5月10日閲覧。
- ^ “World needs to stabilise population and cut consumption, says Royal Society”. The Guardian (2012年4月25日). 2018年5月6日閲覧。
- ^ Nierenberg, Danielle. State of the World 2006: a Worldwatch Institute report on progress toward a sustainable society. New York; London: W.W. Norton. OCLC 62865904
- ^ Smith, R. (1993). “Overpopulation and overconsumption”. BMJ 306 (6888): 1285–1286. doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6888.1285. PMC 1677767. PMID 8518566 2018年5月6日閲覧。.
- ^ Effects of Over-Consumption and Increasing Populations. 26 September 2001. Retrieved on 19 June 2007
- ^ Brown, Lester R. (2011). World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse. Earth Policy Institute. Norton. p. 7. ISBN 978-1136540752
- ^ “Use It and Lose It: The Outsize Effect of U.S. Consumption on the Environment”. Scientific American. (2012年9月14日)
- ^ “Bernie Sanders in climate change 'population control' uproar”. BBC News. (2019年9月5日)
- ^ “About” (英語). One Planet network (2021年6月19日). 2023年12月20日閲覧。
- ^ a b “How many Earths? How many countries?” (英語). Earth Overshoot Day. 2023年12月20日閲覧。
- ^ Willett, Walter; Rockström, Johan; Loken, Brent; Springmann, Marco; Lang, Tim; Vermeulen, Sonja; Garnett, Tara; Tilman, David; DeClerck, Fabrice; Wood, Amanda; others (2019). “Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT:Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems”. The lancet (Elsevier) 393 (10170): 447-492. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4.
- ^ Rosane, Olivia (2019年1月29日). “Experts Issue Urgent Call to Act on Triple Threat of Obesity, Malnutrition and Climate Change”. Ecowatch 2019年8月16日閲覧。
- ^ “Vested Interests & Misplaced Economic Incentives Drive Obesity, Undernutrition & Climate Change, Lancet Report Finds - Health Policy Watch” (英語) (2019年1月28日). 2023年12月20日閲覧。
- ^ Haslam, D. (19 February 2007). “Obesity: a medical history”. Obesity Reviews 8 (s1): 31–36. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00314.x. PMID 17316298.
- ^ Blondel, Benoît; Mispelon, Chloé; Ferguson, Julian (November 2011). Cycle more Often 2 cool down the planet. European Cyclists' Federation. オリジナルの17 February 2019時点におけるアーカイブ。 2019年4月16日閲覧。
- ^ Quam, Vivian G. M.; Rocklöv, Joacim; Quam, Mikkel B. M.; Lucas, Rebekah A. I. (2017). “Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Health Co-Benefits: A Structured Review of Lifestyle-Related Climate Change Mitigation Strategies”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14 (5): 468. doi:10.3390/ijerph14050468. PMC 5451919. PMID 28448460.
- ^ “10 facts on obesity”. World Health Organization. 2019年11月14日閲覧。
- ^ “Sustainable consumption and production | Department of Economic and Social Affairs”. sdgs.un.org. 2023年12月20日閲覧。
- ^ “2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey, part 2 of 2: Majority of young Europeans say the climate impact of prospective employers is an important factor when job hunting” (英語). EIB.org. 2023年3月22日閲覧。
- ^ Kerschner, Christian (10 November 2009). “Economic de-growth vs. steady-state economy”. Journal of Cleaner Production 18 (2010) 2019年9月6日閲覧。.
- ^ “The Freecycle Network”. www.freecycle.org. 2017年5月18日閲覧。
- ^ The Zeitgeist Movement - Frequently Asked Questions Archived 2012-08-15 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 6 May 2014
- ^ José G.B Derraik (2002). “The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review”. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44 (9): 842-852. doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00220-5. ISSN 0025-326X.
- ^ Laubichler, Manfred (2022年11月3日). “8 billion humans: How population growth and climate change are connected as the 'Anthropocene engine' transforms the planet” (英語). The Conversation. 2023年10月28日閲覧。
- ^ “The Benefits of Investing in International Family Planning—and the Price of Slashing Funding”. Guttmacher Institute (2017年7月20日). 2019年1月23日閲覧。
[続きの解説]
- Overconsumption (economics)のページへのリンク
