公正世界仮説
(Just-world hypothesis から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/12/30 13:26 UTC 版)
公正世界仮説（こうせいせかいかせつ、just-world hypothesis）または公正世界誤謬（こうせいせかいごびゅう、just-world fallacy）とは、人間の行いに対して公正な結果が返ってくるものである、と考える認知バイアス、もしくは思い込みである。また、この世界は公正世界である、という信念を公正世界信念（belief in a just world）という。公正世界仮説は社会心理学者によって広く研究されてきており、メルビン・J・ラーナーが1960年代初頭に行った研究が嚆矢とされる[1]。以来、様々な状況下や文化圏における、公正世界仮説に基づく行動予測の検証が行われ、それによって公正世界信念の理論的な理解の明確化と拡張が行なわれてきた[2]。
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- ^ a b c d e f Adrian, Furnham (2003). “Belief in a just world: research progress over the past decade”. Personality and Individual Differences (Elsevier BV) 34 (5): 795-817. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00072-7. ISSN 0191-8869.
- ^ Callan, Mitchell J.; Will Shead, N.; Olson, James M. (2009-01). “Foregoing the labor for the fruits: The effect of just world threat on the desire for immediate monetary rewards”. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45 (1): 246-249. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.08.013. ISSN 0022-1031.
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- ^ a b c Lipkus, I. M., Dalbert, C., & Siegler, I. C. (1996). The Importance of Distinguishing the Belief in a Just World for Self Versus for Others: Implications for Psychological Well-Being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(7), 666-677.
- ^ a b Ritter, C., Benson, D. E., & Snyder, C. (1990). Belief in a just world and depression. Sociological Perspective, 25, 235-252.
- ^ Dalbert, Claudia. (2001). The Justice Motive as a Personal Resource : Dealing with Challenges and Critical Life Events. Springer US. ISBN 978-1-4757-3383-9. OCLC 913697991
- ^ Hafer, Carolyn L.; Bègue, Laurent (2005). “Experimental Research on Just-World Theory: Problems, Developments, and Future Challenges.”. Psychological Bulletin 131 (1): 128-167. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.128. ISSN 1939-1455.
- ^ Zuckerman, Miron (1975-05). “Belief in a just world and altruistic behavior.”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 31 (5): 972-976. doi:10.1037/h0076793. ISSN 1939-1315.
- ^ Miller, Dale T. (1977-01). “Altruism and threat to a belief in a just world”. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 13 (2): 113-124. doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(77)80004-8. ISSN 0022-1031.
- ^ Nudelman, Gabriel (2013-06). “The Belief in a Just World and Personality: A Meta-analysis” (英語). Social Justice Research 26 (2): 105-119. doi:10.1007/s11211-013-0178-y. ISSN 0885-7466.
- ^ a b c Montada, L. & Lerner, M.J. (1998). Preface, in Leo Montada & M.J. Lerner (Eds.). Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World (pp. vii-viii). Plenum Press: New York.
- ^ a b LERNER, MJ (1966). “Observer's reaction to the 'innocent victim' : Compassion or rejection?”. J Personality & Social Psychology 4: 203-210. doi:10.1037/h0023562.
- ^ a b c Lerner (1980). The Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion. Plenum: New York.
- ^ a b c d Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85(5), 1030-1051
- ^ a b c Maes, J. (1998) Eight Stages in the Development of Research on the Construct of BJW?, in Leo Montada & M.J. Lerner (Eds.). Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World (pp. 163-185). Plenum Press: New York.
- ^ Linden, M. & Maercker, A. (2011) Embitterment: Societal, psychological, and clinical perspectives. Wien: Springer.
- ^ Howard, Judith A (1984). “Societal influences on attribution: Blaming some victims more than others.”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 47 (3): 494. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.3.494.
- ^ Godfrey, Bruce W and Lowe, Charles A (1975). “Devaluation of innocent victims: An attribution analysis within the just world paradigm.”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 31 (5): 944. doi:10.1037/h0076786.
- ^ Lerner, M.J. (1970). The desire for justice and reactions to victims. In J. Macaulay & L. Berkowitz (Eds.), Altruism and helping behavior (pp. 205-229). New York: Academic Press.
- ^ Davis, Keith E and Jones, Edward E (1960). “Changes in interpersonal perception as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance.”. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 61 (3): 402. doi:10.1037/h0044214.
- ^ Glass, David C (1964). “Changes in liking as a means of reducing cognitive discrepancies between self-esteem and aggression.”. Journal of Personality (Blackwell Publishing): 531-549. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1964.tb01357.x.
- ^ Cialdini, Robert B and Kenrick, Douglas T and Hoerig, James H (1976). “Victim derogation in the Lerner paradigm: Just world or just justification?”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 33 (6): 719-724. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.33.6.719..
- ^ Staub, Ervin (1978). Positive Social Behavior and Morality: Social and Personal Influences, Volume 1. Academic Press Inc.. pp. 169-170. ISBN 0-12-663101-8 2015年3月12日閲覧。
- ^ Hafer, Carolyn (2005). “Belief in a Just World and Commitment to Long-Term Deserved Outcomes”. Social Justice Research 18 (4): 429-444. doi:10.1007/s11211-005-8569-3 2015年3月12日閲覧。.
- ^ Reichle, B., Schneider, A., & Montada, L. (1998). How do observers of victimization preserve their belief in a just world cognitively or actionally? In L. Montada & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimization and belief in a just world (pp. 55-86). New York: Plenum.
- ^ Rubin, Zick and Peplau, Anne (1973). “Belief in a Just World and Reactions to Another's Lot: A Study of Participants in the National Draft Lottery1”. Journal of Social issues 29 (4): 73-93. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1973.tb00104.x.
- ^ a b Rubin, Z. & Peplau, L.A. (1975). Who believes in a just world? Journal of Social Issues, 31, 65-89.
- ^ Janoff-Bulman, Ronnie; Timko, Christine; Carli, Linda L (1985). “Cognitive biases in blaming the victim”. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 21 (2): 161-177. ISSN 0022-1031.
- ^ Carli, Linda L (1999). “Cognitive reconstruction, hindsight, and reactions to victims and perpetrators”. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA) 25 (8): 966-979. doi:10.1177/01461672992511005.
- ^ Summers, Gertrude and Feldman, Nina S (1984). “Blaming the victim versus blaming the perpetrator: An attributional analysis of spouse abuse”. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology (Guilford Press) 2 (4): 339. doi:10.1521/jscp.1984.2.4.339.
- ^ Fox, Claire L and Elder, Tracey and Gater, Josephine and Johnson, Elizabeth (2010). “The association between adolescents' beliefs in a just world and their attitudes to victims of bullying”. British journal of educational psychology (Wiley Online Library) 80 (2): 183-198. doi:10.1348/000709909X479105.
- ^ Correia, Isabel and Dalbert, Claudia (2008). “School bullying: Belief in a personal just world of bullies, victims, and defenders.”. European Psychologist (Hogrefe & Huber publishers) 13 (4): 248-254. doi:10.1027/1016-9040.13.4.248.
- ^ Isabel Correia and Shanmukh V. Kamble and Claudia Dalbert (2009). “Belief in a just world and well-being of bullies, victims and defenders: a study with Portuguese and Indian students”. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping (Routledge) 22 (5): 497-508. doi:10.1080/10615800902729242. PMID 19333798.
- ^ Gruman, J. C., & Sloan, R. P. (1983). Disease as Justice: Perceptions of the Victims of Physical Illness. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 4(1), 39-46.
- ^ a b Furnham, A. & Procter, E. (1992). Sphere-specific just world beliefs and attitudes to AIDS. Human Relations, 45, 265-280.
- ^ Harper, D. J., Wagstaff, G. F., Newton, J. T., & Harrison, K. R. (1990). Lay causal perceptions of third world poverty and the just world theory. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 18(2), 235-238. Scientific Journal Publishers.
- ^ Harper, D. J., & Manasse, P. R. (1992). The Just World and the Third World: British explanations for poverty abroad. The Journal of social psychology, 6. Heldref Publications.
- ^ Janoff-Bulman, R. (1979). Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: inquiries into depression and rape. Journal of personality and social psychology, 37(10), 1798-809.
- ^ Dalbert, C., Lipkus, I. M., Sallay, H., & Goch, I. (2001). A just and unjust world: Structure and validity of different world beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 561-577.
- ^ Maes, J. (1998). Immanent justice and ultimate justice: two ways of believing in justice. In L. Montada, & M. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimization and belief in a just world (pp. 9-40). New York: Plenum Press.
- ^ Mohiyeddini, C., & Montada, L. (1998). BJW and self-efficacy in coping with observed victimization. In L. Montada, & M. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimizations and belief in the just world (pp. 43-53). New York: Plenum.
- ^ Lambert, A. J., Burroughs, T., & Nguyen, T. (1999). Perceptions of risk and the buffering hypothesis: The role of just world beliefs and right wing authoritarianism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(6), 643-656.
- ^ Furnham, A. & Procter, E. (1989). Belief in a just world: review and critique of the individual difference literature. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 365-384.
- ^ Begue, L. (2002). Beliefs in justice and faith in people: just world, religiosity and interpersonal trust. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(3), 375-382.
- ^ Kurst, J., Bjorck, J., & Tan, S. (2000). Causal attributions for uncontrollable negative events. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 19, 47-60.
- ^ Calhoun, L., & Cann, A. (1994). Differences in assumptions about a just world: ethnicity and point of view. Journal of Social Psychology, 134, 765-770.
- ^ Hunt, M. (2000). Status, religion, and the ‘‘belief in a just world’’: comparing African Americans, Latinos, and Whites. Social Science Quarterly, 81, 325-343.
- ^ Furnham, A. (1993). Just world beliefs in twelve societies. Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 317-329.
- ^ Furnham, A. (1992). Relationship knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS. Psychological Reports, 71, 1149-1150.
- ^ Lench, Chang (2007). “Belief in an Unjust World: When Beliefs in a Just World Fail”. Journal of Personality Assessment 89 (2): 126-135. doi:10.1080/00223890701468477 2015年3月12日閲覧。.
- ^ Dolinski, Dariusz (1996). “The belief in an unjust world: An egotistic delusion”. Social Justice Research 9 (3): 213-221. doi:10.1007/BF02197248 2015年3月12日閲覧。.
- ^ Dalbert, C. (2001). The justice motive as a personal resource: dealing with challenges and critical life events. New York: Plenum.
- ^ a b Hafer, C., & Olson, J. (1998). Individual differences in beliefs in a just world and responses to personal misfortune. In L. Montada, & M. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimizations and belief in the just world (pp. 65-86). New York: Plenum.
- ^ Taylor, S.E., & Brown, J. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
- ^ Sutton, R., & Douglas, K. (2005). Justice for all, or just for me? More evidence of the importance of the self-other distinction in just-world beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(3), 637-645.
- ^ Montada, L. & Lerner, M. (Eds.) (1998) Responses to victimizations and belief in the just world. New York: Plenum.
[続きの解説]
「公正世界仮説」の続きの解説一覧
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