理想的観察者理論
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2023/09/11 06:15 UTC 版)
理想的観察者理論(りそうてきかんさつしゃりろん、英語: ideal observer theory)は、倫理的な言明は、仮定上の「理想的観察者」の態度に関する真理適合的な命題を表現すると考えるメタ倫理学上の立場。言い換えれば、倫理的判断は、中立的かつ完全な情報を持つ観察者が下すであろう判断に関する言明として解釈すべきと考える。例えば、「Xは善い」は、「理想的観察者がXを是認する」を指す。
- ^ Brandt 1959, p. 173: "The main idea [of the ideal observer theory] is that ethical terms should be defined after the pattern of the following example: 'x is better than y' means 'If anyone were, in respect of x and y, fully informed and vividly imaginative, impartial, in a calm frame of mind and otherwise normal, he would prefer x to y.'"
- ^ Brandt 1959, p. 153: "[Objectivism and subjectivism] have been used more vaguely, confusedly, and in more different senses than the others we are considering. We suggest as a convenient usage, however, that a theory be called subjectivist if and only if, according to it, any ethical assertion implies that somebody does, or somebody of a certain sort under certain conditions would, take some specified attitude toward something."
- 1 理想的観察者理論とは
- 2 理想的観察者理論の概要
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