ピート‐の‐パラドックス
ピートのパラドックス
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2020/05/30 14:36 UTC 版)
ピートのパラドックス (英: Peto's paradox) は、種のレベルで見ると癌の発生率は生体の細胞数と相関していないように見えるという観察結果を指し、統計学者・疫学者のリチャード・ピートにならって名付けられた[1]。例えばクジラのような大型生物はヒトに比べて細胞数が多い分、癌になる確率が高くなりそうに思えるが、実のところ哺乳類はどの種も体のサイズに関わりなく、癌になる確率に大差はないという逆説のことを言う[2]。
- ^ Peto, R.; Roe, F. J. C.; Lee, P. N.; Levy, L.; Clack, J. (October 1975). “Cancer and ageing in mice and men”. British Journal of Cancer 32 (4): 411–426. doi:10.1038/bjc.1975.242. PMC: 2024769. PMID 1212409.
- ^ “ピートのパラドックス”. デジタル大辞泉. 小学館. 2020年5月30日閲覧。
- ^ Nunney, Richard (January 2013). “The real war on cancer: the evolutionary dynamics of cancer suppression”. Evolutionary Applications 6 (1): 11–19. doi:10.1111/eva.12018. PMC: 3567467. PMID 23396311.
- ^ Peto, R. (1977). “Epidemiology, multistage models, and short-term mutagenicity tests”. 4. Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. pp. 1403–1428 2015年10月13日閲覧。
- ^ Caulin, Aleah; Maley, Carlo (April 2011). “Peto's Paradox: Evolution's Prescription for Cancer Prevention”. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26 (4): 175–182. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.01.002. PMC: 3060950. PMID 21296451.
- ^ Smith, George; Shipley, Martin (1998-11-14). “Height and mortality from cancer among men: prospective observational study”. BMJ 317 (7169): 1351–1352. doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7169.1351. PMC: 28717. PMID 9812932.
- ^ Jane Green; Benjamin J Cairns; Delphine Casabonne; F Lucy Wright; Gillian Reeves; Valerie Beral; Million Women Study collaborators (August 2011). “Height and cancer incidence in the Million Women Study: prospective cohort, and meta-analysis of prospective studies of height and total cancer risk”. Lancet Oncology 12 (8): 785–794. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70154-1. PMC: 3148429. PMID 21782509.
- ^ Fleming, J.M.; Creevy, K.E. (2011-02-25). “Mortality in North American Dogs from 1984 to 2004: An Investigation into Age-, Size-, and Breed-Related Causes of Death”. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 25 (2): 187–198. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0695.x. PMID 21352376.
- ^ Schiffman, Joshua (2015-10-08), “Potential Mechanisms for Cancer Resistance in Elephants and Comparative Cellular Response to DNA Damage in Humans”, JAMA 314 (17): 1850–60, doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13134, PMC: 4858328, PMID 26447779
- ^ Caulin, A. F.; Maley, C. C. (2011). “Peto's Paradox: Evolution's prescription for cancer prevention”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 26 (4): 175–182. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.01.002. PMC: 3060950. PMID 21296451.
- ^ Kobayashi, H; Man, S (1993-04-15). “Acquired multicellular-mediated resistance to alkylating agents in cancer”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90 (8): 3294–8. Bibcode: 1993PNAS...90.3294K. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.8.3294. PMC: 46286. PMID 8475071.
- ^ Domazet-Lošo, Tomislav; Tautz, Diethard (2010-05-21). “Phylostratigraphic tracking of cancer genes suggests a link to the emergence of multicellularity in metazoa”. BMC Biology 8 (66): 66. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-8-66. PMC: 2880965. PMID 20492640.
- ^ Dang, Chi (2012). “Links between metabolism and cancer”. Genes & Development 26 (9): 877–90. doi:10.1101/gad.189365.112. PMC: 3347786. PMID 22549953.
- ^ Gewin, Virginia (2013-01-21). “Massive animals may hold secrets of cancer suppression”. Nature News. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.12258 2014年3月12日閲覧。.
- ^ Zimmer, Carl (2015年10月8日). “Elephants: Large, Long-Living and Less Prone to Cancer”. The New York Times 2015年10月13日閲覧。
- ^ Keane, Michael; Semeiks, Jeremy; Webb, Andrew E.; Li, Yang I.; Quesada, Víctor; Craig, Thomas; Madsen, Lone Bruhn; van Dam, Sipko et al. (2015-01-06). “Insights into the Evolution of Longevity from the Bowhead Whale Genome”. Cell Reports 10 (1): 112–122. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.008. PMC: 4536333. PMID 25565328.
- ^ Xian, T.; Azpurua, J. (2015-01-27). “INK4 locus of the tumor-resistant rodent, the naked mole rat, expresses a functional p15/p16 hybrid isoform.”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 (4): 1053–8. Bibcode: 2015PNAS..112.1053T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418203112. PMC: 4313802. PMID 25550505.
- ^ Callaway, E. (2015-10-08). “How elephants avoid cancer: Pachyderms have extra copies of a key tumour-fighting gene.”. Nature 526. doi:10.1038/nature.2015.18534.
- ^ Sulak, Michael; Fong, Lindsey; Mika, Katelyn; Chigurupati, Sravanthi; Yon, Lisa; Mongan, Nigel P.; Emes, Richard D.; Lynch, Vincent J. (2016-09-19). “TP53 copy number expansion is associated with the evolution of increased body size and an enhanced DNA damage response in elephants”. eLife 5: e11994. doi:10.7554/eLife.11994. PMC: 5061548. PMID 27642012.
- ^ MacIak, S.; Michalak, P. (2015). “Cell size and cancer: A new solution to Peto's paradox?”. Evolutionary Applications 8 (1): 2–8. doi:10.1111/eva.12228. PMC: 4310577. PMID 25667599.
- ^ Gregory, T. Ryan (2004年2月3日). “Mammal erythrocyte sizes”. Genome Size. 2015年10月13日閲覧。
- ^ Calabrese, Peter; Shibata, Darryl (2010-01-05). “A simple algebraic cancer equation: calculating how cancers may arise with normal mutation rates”. BMC Cancer 10 (3): 3. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-10-3. PMC: 2829925. PMID 20051132.
[続きの解説]
「ピートのパラドックス」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 ピートのパラドックスとは
- 2 ピートのパラドックスの概要
- ピート‐の‐パラドックスのページへのリンク
