「メタゲノム」の意味や使い方わかりやすく解説 Weblio辞書

デジタル大辞泉

索引トップ用語の索引ランキング凡例

メタゲノム【metagenom】

読み方：めたげのむ

環境中からある特定の微生物の単離・培養を行わず、微生物集団から直接収集・抽出される遺伝情報（ゲノム）。このようにして得られる遺伝情報を研究することをメタゲノミクスという。

ウィキペディア

索引トップ用語の索引ランキングカテゴリー

メタゲノミクス

(メタゲノムから転送)

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2022/10/28 05:42 UTC 版)

メタゲノミクス（英:Metagenomics）は、環境サンプルから直接回収されたゲノム DNAを扱う微生物学・ウイルス学の研究分野である。広義には環境ゲノミクスやエコゲノミクス、群集ゲノミクスとも呼ばれる^[1]。メタゲノム解析(Metagenomic analysis)、あるいは単純にメタゲノム(Metagenome)とも呼称される。従来の微生物のゲノム解析では、単一の菌株を環境サンプルから分離培養する過程を経る必要があったが、メタゲノム解析はこの過程を経ることなく、微生物コミュニティ（細菌叢）から直接ゲノムDNAを抽出し、様々な系統由来のDNAがミックスされた状態でDNAシーケンスを行う。そのため、メタゲノム解析では従来の培養を基本とする方法では困難であった難培養・未培養系統に属する微生物のゲノム情報が入手可能である。一説には、地球上に棲息する細菌の99%以上は単独では培養できない系統であると推察されており^[2]、メタゲノム解析は環境中に埋没する膨大な数の未知の細菌、未知の遺伝子を解明できる手法として期待されている。DNAシークエンシングのコストは年々安価になってきており、より大規模で詳細なメタゲノム解析研究が行われることも見込まれる^[3]。狭義には、メタゲノム解析はショットガンシーケンスにより得られたゲノム全体の配列情報を解析することを指し、ターゲット遺伝子を絞りPCRを経た増幅シーケンス（16S rRNAタグシーケンスなど）とは区別されるが^[4]、後者を広義のメタゲノム解析に含めて扱われることもある^[5]。

脚注

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メタゲノムとは？わかりやすく解説

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メタゲノムとは？ わかりやすく解説

メタゲノム【metagenom】

メタゲノミクス

「メタゲノム」の関連用語

メタゲノムとは？わかりやすく解説