北極圏メタンガス放散
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/01/02 23:56 UTC 版)
北極圏メタンガス放散（ほっきょくけんメタンガスほうさん、Arctic methane emissions）は、北極の永久凍土地域の海洋および土壌からのメタンガスの放出をいう。北極地域には埋蔵天然ガスや海底のメタンクラスレート（メタンハイドレート）として、大量のメタンが蓄積されている。[1] メタン放散は長期にわたる自然現象だが永久凍土が地球温暖化により解凍すると、凍結していた大量のバイオマスのメタン発酵分解ならびにメタンクラスレートから大量のメタンが放出されることにより[2][3][4][5]、その量が増加する。[6] メタンは強力な温室効果ガスであるため一層温暖化を加速し正のフィードバックサイクルが生じ、その結果地球温暖化が急激かつ不可逆的に進行しうる。[7][8]
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- ^ Pfeiffer, Eva-Maria; Grigoriev, Mikhail N.; Liebner, Susanne; Beer, Christian; Knoblauch, Christian (April 2018). “Methane production as key to the greenhouse gas budget of thawing permafrost”. Nature Climate Change 8 (4): 309–312. Bibcode: 2018NatCC...8..309K. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0095-z. ISSN 1758-6798.
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- ^ Pellerin, André; Lotem, Noam; Anthony, Katey Walter; Russak, Efrat Eliani; Hasson, Nicholas; Røy, Hans; Chanton, Jeffrey P.; Sivan, Orit (4 March 2022). “Methane production controls in a young thermokarst lake formed by abrupt permafrost thaw”. Global Change Biology 28 (10): 3206–3221. doi:10.1111/gcb.16151. PMC 9310722. PMID 35243729.
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- ^ Bernhard, Philipp; Zwieback, Simon; Hajnsek, Irena (2 May 2022). “Accelerated mobilization of organic carbon from retrogressive thaw slumps on the northern Taymyr Peninsula”. The Cryosphere 16 (7): 2819–2835. Bibcode: 2022TCry...16.2819B. doi:10.5194/tc-16-2819-2022.
- ^ a b c Turetsky, Merritt R.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Jones, Miriam C.; Anthony, Katey Walter; Olefeldt, David; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Grosse, Guido; Kuhry, Peter et al. (February 2020). “Carbon release through abrupt permafrost thaw”. Nature Geoscience 13 (2): 138–143. Bibcode: 2020NatGe..13..138T. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0526-0. ISSN 1752-0894.
- ^ a b Walter Anthony, Katey; Schneider von Deimling, Thomas; Nitze, Ingmar; Frolking, Steve; Emond, Abraham; Daanen, Ronald; Anthony, Peter; Lindgren, Prajna et al. (2018-08-15). “21st-century modeled permafrost carbon emissions accelerated by abrupt thaw beneath lakes”. Nature Communications 9 (1): 3262. Bibcode: 2018NatCo...9.3262W. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05738-9. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6093858. PMID 30111815.
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- ^ a b >Heffernan, Liam; Cavaco, Maria A.; Bhatia, Maya P.; Estop-Aragonés, Cristian; Knorr, Klaus-Holger; Olefeldt, David (24 June 2022). “High peatland methane emissions following permafrost thaw: enhanced acetoclastic methanogenesis during early successional stages”. Biogeosciences 19 (8): 3051–3071. Bibcode: 2022BGeo...19.3051H. doi:10.5194/bg-19-3051-2022.
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- ^ Estop-Aragonés, Cristian; Cooper, Mark D.A.; Fisher, James P. (March 2018). “Limited release of previously-frozen C and increased new peat formation after thaw in permafrost peatlands”. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 118: 115–129. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.12.010.
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- ^ “Melting Arctic sea ice accelerates methane emissions”. ScienceDaily (2015年). 2019年6月8日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2018年3月9日閲覧。
- ^ 『Methane Hydrates in Quaternary Climate Change: The Clathrate Gun Hypothesis』John Wiley & Sons, Inc.、2003年1月1日。
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- ^ Archer, D. (2007). “Methane hydrate stability and anthropogenic climate change”. Biogeosciences 4 (4): 521–544. Bibcode: 2007BGeo....4..521A. doi:10.5194/bg-4-521-2007. See also blog summary Archived 2007-04-15 at the Wayback Machine..
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- ^ Corbyn, Zoë (December 7, 2012). “Locked greenhouse gas in Arctic sea may be 'climate canary'”. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.11988 2014年4月12日閲覧。.
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- ^ “Arctic methane outgassing on the E Siberian Shelf part 1 - the background”. SkepticalScience (2012年). 2023年12月29日閲覧。
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- ^ “Methane release from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf and the Potential for Abrupt Climate Change” (2010年11月30日). 2014年4月12日閲覧。
- ^ a b "Methane bubbling through seafloor creates undersea hills" (Press release). Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. 5 February 2007. 2008年10月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。
- ^ Shakhova, N.; Semiletov, I.; Salyuk, A.; Kosmach, D. (2008). “Anomalies of methane in the atmosphere over the East Siberian shelf: Is there any sign of methane leakage from shallow shelf hydrates?”. Geophysical Research Abstracts 10: 01526. オリジナルの2012-12-22時点におけるアーカイブ。 2008年9月25日閲覧。.
- ^ Mrasek, Volker (2008年4月17日). “A Storehouse of Greenhouse Gases Is Opening in Siberia”. Spiegel International Online. "The Russian scientists have estimated what might happen when this Siberian permafrost-seal thaws completely and all the stored gas escapes. They believe the methane content of the planet's atmosphere would increase twelvefold."
- ^ Sergienko, V. I. (September 2012). “The Degradation of Submarine Permafrost and the Destruction of Hydrates on the Shelf of East Arctic Seas as a Potential Cause of the 'Methane Catastrophe': Some Results of Integrated Studies in 2011” (PDF). Doklady Earth Sciences 446 (1): 1132–1137. Bibcode: 2012DokES.446.1132S. doi:10.1134/S1028334X12080144. ISSN 1028-334X.
- ^ Shakhova, N.; Semiletov, I.; Salyuk, A.; Kosmach, D.; Bel'cheva, N. (2007). “Methane release on the Arctic East Siberian shelf”. Geophysical Research Abstracts 9: 01071.
- ^ Connor, Steve (2008年9月23日). “Exclusive: The methane time bomb”. The Independent. 2008年10月3日閲覧。
- ^ Connor, Steve (2008年9月25日). “Hundreds of methane 'plumes' discovered”. The Independent. 2008年10月3日閲覧。
- ^ Shakhova, Natalia; Semiletov, Igor; Leifer, Ira; Sergienko, Valentin; Salyuk, Anatoly; Kosmach, Denis; Chernykh, Denis; Stubbs, Chris et al. (24 November 2013). “Ebullition and storm-induced methane release from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf”. Nature 7 (1): 64–70. Bibcode: 2014NatGe...7...64S. doi:10.1038/ngeo2007.
- ^ Thornton, Brett F.; Prytherch, John; Andersson, Kristian; Brooks, Ian M.; Salisbury, Dominic; Tjernström, Michael; Crill, Patrick M. (29 January 2020). “Shipborne eddy covariance observations of methane fluxes constrain Arctic sea emissions”. Science Advances 6 (5): eaay7934. Bibcode: 2020SciA....6.7934T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay7934. PMC 6989137. PMID 32064354.
- ^ “Like 'champagne bottles being opened': Scientists document an ancient Arctic methane explosion”. The Washington Post. (2017年6月1日)
- ^ Froitzheim, Nikolaus; Majka, Jaroslaw; Zastrozhnov, Dmitry (2021-08-10). “Methane release from carbonate rock formations in the Siberian permafrost area during and after the 2020 heat wave” (英語). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (32). doi:10.1073/pnas.2107632118. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC PMC8364203. PMID 34341110.
- ^ Mufson, Steven (2021年8月3日). “Scientists expected thawing wetlands in Siberia’s permafrost. What they found is ‘much more dangerous.’” (英語). Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286 2024年1月2日閲覧。
- ^ Rößger, Norman; Sachs, Torsten; Wille, Christian; Boike, Julia; Kutzbach, Lars (2022-11). “Seasonal increase of methane emissions linked to warming in Siberian tundra” (英語). Nature Climate Change 12 (11): 1031–1036. doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01512-4. ISSN 1758-6798.
- ^ Sun, Tianyi; Ocko, Ilissa B; Hamburg, Steven P (2022-03-15). “The value of early methane mitigation in preserving Arctic summer sea ice” (英語). Environmental Research Letters 17 (4): 044001. Bibcode: 2022ERL....17d4001S. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac4f10. ISSN 1748-9326.
- ^ Stolaroff, Joshuah K.; Bhattacharyya, Subarna; Smith, Clara A.; Bourcier, William L.; Cameron-Smith, Philip J.; Aines, Roger D. (2012-06-19). “Review of Methane Mitigation Technologies with Application to Rapid Release of Methane from the Arctic” (英語). Environmental Science & Technology 46 (12): 6455–6469. Bibcode: 2012EnST...46.6455S. doi:10.1021/es204686w. ISSN 0013-936X. OSTI 1773262. PMID 22594483.
- ^ “Frost Methane Labs: Design of Smart Micro-Flare Fleet to Mitigate Distributed Methane Emissions”. ARPA-E. 2022年7月24日閲覧。
- ^ Herman, Ari (2019年8月26日). “A Startup to Save All Startups: Mitigating Arctic Methane Release” (英語). The LegoBox Travelogue. 2022年7月24日閲覧。
- ^ “Home” (英語). Frost Methane Labs (2021年). 2022年7月24日閲覧。
[続きの解説]
「北極圏メタンガス放散」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 北極圏メタンガス放散とは
- 2 北極圏メタンガス放散の概要
- 3 関連項目
- 4 参考資料
- 北極圏メタンガス放散のページへのリンク
