ビートニク【beatnik】
ビート・ジェネレーション
(ビートニク から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/12/12 22:05 UTC 版)
ビート・ジェネレーション（英: Beat Generation）は、第二次世界大戦後のアメリカ合衆国の文学界で異彩を放ったグループ、あるいはその活動の総称。1940年代終盤から1960年代半ばにかけて、この文学運動の思想や行動様式に影響を受けたライフスタイルを実践する者はビートニク（Beatnik）と呼ばれた。主な著作は1950年代に発表され、特に1955年から1964年頃にかけて、文化・政治に対して大きな影響力を及ぼした。生年でいうと、概ね1915年から1929年までの、第一次世界大戦から狂騒の20年代までに生まれた世代に相当する。
注釈
- ^ 作家ジョン・スタインベックや、元野球選手ジャッキー・ロビンソンらもベトナム戦争賛成の立場だった
出典
- ^ Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins - Pew Research Center (January 17, 2019)
- ^ Los Angeles Times, August 27, 1959
- ^ The Beat Generation – Literature Periods & Movements.
- ^ Charters, Ann (2001). Beat Down to Your Soul: What was the Beat Generation?. Penguin Books. ISBN 0141001518
- ^ Morgan, Bill (2011). The Type Writer Is Holy: The Complete, Uncensored History of the Beat Generation. Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint
- ^ Prothero, Stephen (1991). “On the Holy Road: The Beat Movement as Spiritual Protest”. The Harvard Theological Review 84 (2): 205–222. doi:10.1017/S0017816000008166.
- ^ Allen Ginsberg, The Essential Ginsberg, Penguin UK, 2015.
- ^ Lundberg, John (2011年10月16日). “The Great Drug-Induced Poems”. Huffington Post. 2017年9月12日閲覧。
- ^ McClure, Michael. Scratching the Beat Surface.
- ^ "Throughout these interviews [in Spontaneous Mind] Ginsberg returns to his high praise of William Blake and Walt Whitman. Ginsberg obviously loves Blake the visionary and Whitman the democratic sensualist, and indeed Ginsberg's own literary personality can be construed as a union of these forces." Edmund White, Arts and letters (2004), p. 104, ISBN 1-57344-195-3, 978-1-57344-195-7.
- ^ "Ginsberg's intense relationship to Blake can be traced to a seemingly mystical experience he had during the summer of 1948." ibid, p. 104.
- ^ According to William Lawlor: "André Breton, the founder of surrealism and Joans's 〔ママ〕 mentor and friend, famously called Joans the 'only Afro-American surrealist' (qtd. by James Miller in _Dictionary of Literary Biography_ 16: 268)", p. 159, Beat culture: lifestyles, icons, and impact, ABC-CLIO, 2005, ISBN 1-85109-400-8, 978-1-85109-400-4. Ted Joans said, "The late André Breton the founder of surrealism said that I was the only Afro-American surrealist and welcomed me to the exclusive surrealist group in Paris", p. 102, For Malcolm: poems on the life and the death of Malcolm X, Dudley Randall and Margaret G. Burroughs, eds, Broadside Press, Detroit, 1967. There is some question about how familiar Breton was with Afro-American literature: "If it is true that the late André Breton, a founder of the surrealist movement, considered Ted Joans the only Afro-American surrealist, he apparently had not read Kaufman; at any rate, Breton had much to learn about Afro-American poetry." Bernard W. Bell, "The Debt to Black Music", Black World/Negro Digest March 1973, p. 86.
- ^ Allen Ginsberg commented: "His interest in techniques of surreal composition notoriously antedates mine and surpasses my practice ... I authoritatively declare Lamantia an American original, soothsayer even as Poe, genius in the language of Whitman, native companion and teacher to myself." Allen Ginsberg, Bill Morgan, Deliberate Prose: Selected Essays 1952–1995, p. 442, "Philip Lamantia, Lamantia As Forerunner", HarperCollins, 2001, ISBN 9780060930813.
- ^ "In 'Author's Introduction,' which is included in Lonesome Traveler (1960), Kerouac ... goes on to mention Jack London, William Saroyan, and Ernest Hemingway as early influences and mentions Thomas Wolfe as a subsequent influence." William Lawlor, Beat culture: lifestyles, icons, and impact, 2005, ISBN 1-85109-400-8, 978-1-85109-400-4 p. 153. "And if one considers The Legend of Dulouz, one must acknowledge the influence of Marcel Proust. Like Proust, Kerouac makes his powerful memory the source of much of his writing and again like Proust, Kerouac envisions his life's literary output as one great book." Lawlor, p. 154.
- ^ Ted Morgan, Literary Outlaw (1988), p.36-37 of trade paper edition, "When Billy [William Burroughs] was thirteen, he came across a book that would have an enormous impact on his life and work. Written by someone calling himself Jack Black, You Can't Win was the memoirs of a professional thief and drug addict."
- ^ “Beat Buddhism and American freedom.”. thefreelibrary.com. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2019年5月11日閲覧。
- ^ Jack Kerouac, Poetry Foundation.
- ^ Kerouac, Jack (September 15, 2016). The Unknown Kerouac: Rare, Unpublished & Newly Translated Writings. New York: The Library of America. ISBN 978-159853-498-6 2022年4月6日閲覧。
- ^ フェイリャー・オブ・ジャック・ケルアック 2022年4月8日閲覧
- ^ 山形浩雄訳『現代詩手帳』1997年11月。pp10-26
[続きの解説]
「ビート・ジェネレーション」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 ビート・ジェネレーションとは
- 2 ビート・ジェネレーションの概要
- 3 歴史
- 4 代表的な作品
- 5 関連項目
固有名詞の分類
- ビートニクのページへのリンク
