イスパノアメリカ独立戦争
(南米独立戦争 から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2023/10/02 18:36 UTC 版)
イスパノアメリカ独立戦争(イスパノアメリカどくりつせんそう、英語: Spanish American wars of independence、スペイン語: Guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas)は、19世紀初期、イスパノアメリカのスペイン統治からの独立を目的とする一連の戦争。
注釈
- ^ 1811年、ディオゴ・デ・ソウザ率いるポルトガル軍はシスプラチナに侵攻、バンダ・オリエンタルを併合しようとした。これはスペイン・ポルトガル間の植民地紛争であり、ブエノスアイレスの独立政府をつぶすことは目的ではなかった。
- ^ ラテンアメリカ諸国に従軍するアイルランドやイギリス志願兵と傭兵。
- ^ 乗船した海員はアメリカ、イギリス、アイルランド、フランスなどの出身だった。
- ^ 訳注:政情不安がおきた時点では革命がおきるかは不明である。そのため、不満や改革を求める声が現れたことは革命がおきることと同等ではない、という意味。
- ^ 農村部にある教区では教区司祭が国王の代表として行動することも多かった。
- ^ この約束が果たされることはなかった。
- ^ 1810年以降、小規模な派遣隊がスペインから米州に派遣されてきた。1810年8月25日、ロセンド・ポルリエル・イ・アステギエタと副王フランシスコ・ハビエル・ベネガス率いるスペイン海兵隊の小部隊がフリゲートのヌエストラ・セニョーラ・デ・アトーチャ(Nuestra señora de Atocha)に乗ってカディスからベラクルスに到着しており、王党派の支援としてヨーロッパから派遣されたスペイン人としては初である。出典:Frieyro de Lara. Guerra ejército y sociedad en el nacimiento de la España contemporánea. (2009, Universidad de Granada) p. 660.
- ^ 訳注:リエゴの反乱で成立したスペイン新政府は自由派であり、王党派はむしろ敵にあたる。
出典
- ^ Garret, David T (2003). “Los incas borbónicos: la elite indígena cuzqueña en vísperas de Tupac Amaru”. Revista Andina 36. ISSN 0259-9600. オリジナルのMarch 6, 2009時点におけるアーカイブ。 . See also: [1]
- ^ a b David Bushnell, "Wars of Independence: South America" in The Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 5, p. 446. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.
- ^ R.A. Humphreys and John Lynch, "Introduction", The Origins of the Latin American Revolutions, 1808-1826. New York: Alfred A. Knopf 1965, p. 7.
- ^ Jeremy Adelman, "Independence in Latin America" in The Oxford Handbook of Latin American History, José C. Moya, ed. New York: Oxford University Press 2011, p. 154.
- ^ Mark A. Burkholder,(2016) "Spain’s America: from kingdoms to colonies, Colonial Latin American Review, 25:2, 125-153, DOI: 10.1080/10609164.2016.1205241
- ^ Mark A. Burkholder and D.S. Chandler, From Impotence to Authority: The Spanish Crown and the American Audiencias, 1687-1808. Columbia: University of Missouri Press 1977.
- ^ Nancy Farriss, Crown and Clergy in Colonial Mexico, 1759-1821. London: Athlone Press 1968.
- ^ William B. Taylor, "Early Latin American Social History" in Reliving the Past: The Worlds of Social History. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press 1985, p. 149.
- ^ Margaret Chowning, "The Consolidación de Vales Reales in the Bishopric of Michoacán." Hispanic American Historical Review 69:3 (1989) 451-78.
- ^ Michael P. Costeloe, Church Wealth in Mexico: A Study of the "Juzgado de Capellanías" in the Archbishopric of Mexico, 1800–1856. Cambridge University Press 1967.
- ^ Lynch, The Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 17–19, 334–335. Rodríguez, The Independence of Spanish America, pp. 19–27. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 7–12.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 5–17. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 24–25. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 12–14, 17–32.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 27–34. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 14–18. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America,pp. 14–17, 23.
- ^ William Spence Robertson, "The Juntas of 1808 and the Spanish Colonies," English Historical Review (1916) 31#124 pp. 573–585 in JSTOR
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 36–37. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 51–56, 58–59. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 12, 35–37.
- ^ Royal Order of the Central Junta of January 22, 1809, cited in Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, p. 60.
- ^ “Batalla de Ocaña”. Bicentenario de las independencias iberoaméricanas. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Spain). 2012年8月17日閲覧。
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 50–52, 236–239. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 53–55, 61–70, 80–81. Kinsbruner, pp. Independence in Spanish America, pp. 43–45.
- ^ Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar (2001). Diccionario de historia de España. Ediciones Akal. pp. 209–. ISBN 978-84-7090-366-3 Cortes of Cádiz (1812) was the first parliament of Spain with sovereign power
- ^ El "Manifiesto de los persas"una alternativa ante el liberalismo español.Alexandra Wilhelmsen.1979
- ^ Rodríguez O., Jaime E. (13 May 1998). The Independence of Spanish America. Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–. ISBN 978-0-521-62673-6 citation: "It met as one body, and its members represented the entire Spanish world"
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 43–45, 52–56, 132–133, 195–196, 239–240. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 75–82, 110–112, 123–125, 136–139, 150–153. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 36–37, 46, 52–53, 58–59, 61–62.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 36–37, 134–135. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 52–53. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 45–46, 53.
- ^ 「フェルナンド7世の仮面」(英: mask of Ferdinand VII)という表現はLynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 56–58, 133で使われている。また、Crow, John A (1946). The Epic of Latin America. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. pp. 425–426ではこの表現を直接には使っていないが、似たような分析をしている。
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 107–111, 134–137, 162–172, 195–200, 238–240, 313–319, 335. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 93–111, 115, 123–126, 136–144, 147–156, 164–165, 168, 176–177. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 46, 50, 52–53, 66–67, 100–101.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 121, 131–132. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 13–19, 22.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 57–71, 162–163, 240–242. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 111–113, 126–136, 153–159, 176–179. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 53, 59.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 118–121, 197–198, 200, 204–207, 306–313. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 113–122, 132, 159–167. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 54, 66–70.
- ^ Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 168, 184, Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 70, 97.
- ^ Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 169–172. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 56–57.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, p. 336. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, p. 106.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 162, 171–172, 207. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 173–175, 192–194.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, p. 209. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, p. 122. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, p. 57.
- ^ Rebecca Earle, "'A Grave for Europeans'? Disease, Death, and the Spanish-American Revolutions" in Christon I. Archer, ed. The Wars of Independence in Spanish America, pp. 283–297.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 138–141. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 179–182. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 72–75.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 209–218. MacKenzie, S. P. (1997). Revolutionary Armies in the Modern Era: A Revisionist Approach. London: Routledge. pp. 54, 61–64. ISBN 0-415-09690-1 Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 184–192. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 78–87.
- ^ Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, p. 194. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 88, 114, 120–121, 127–128.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 335–340. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 194–195. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, p. 89.
- ^ Lynchは「保守革命」という古い理論で事件を分析した:Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 319–320. 比較対象としてはRodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 196–197, 199–205, 241–242. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 97–98. Peter F. Guardino, "The War of Independence in Guerrero, New Spain, 1808–1821" in Archer, The Wars of Independence in Spanish America, pp. 122–124.などがある。
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 320–323. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 206–210. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 98–99. Guardino, "The War of Independence in Guerrero," pp. 121, 124–125.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 333–340. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 210–213. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 100, 146–149.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 172–178. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 213–214. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, p. 76.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 218–219. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, p. 219. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 88–90.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 178–179. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 214–219. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 76–77.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 185–189, 247–249, 267–272. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 219–220, 222–231. Timothy E. Anna, "Chaos and the Military Solution: The Fall of Royalist Government in Peru" in Archer, The Wars of Independence in Spanish America, pp. 272–273. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 77–78, 90–95.
- ^ Bushnell, David (1970). The Santander Regime in Gran Colombia. Westport: Greenwood Press. pp. 325–335. ISBN 0-8371-2981-8 Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 272–273, 279–284. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 232–234. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 95–96. Chasteen, John Charles (2008). Americanos: Latin America's Struggle for Independence. Oxford University Press. pp. 164–165. ISBN 978-0-19-517881-4
- ^ Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 105–106.
- ^ Costeloe, Michael P. Response to Revolution, 100
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 344–347. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, p. 245. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 131–136.
- ^ Bernedo Pinto, Patricio (1999). “Los industriales alemanes de Valdivia, 1850-1914” (スペイン語). Historia 32: 5–42 .
- ^ Salazar, Gabriel; Pinto, Julio (2002). Historia contemporánea de Chile III. La economía: mercados empresarios y trabajadores. LOM Ediciones. ISBN 956-282-172-2 pp. 19–21.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 343–344. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 244–245. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 133–136.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 347–351. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, p. 245. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 142–143.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 347–349.
- ^ The Argentine President promotes Juana Azurduy to General in the Argentine Army. http://www.szmm.gov.hu/download.php?ctag=download&docID=14380
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 342–343. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 146–152.
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 351–352. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 145–146, 152–153.
- ^ Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 3–5, 213, 239. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, p. 90では1820年から1835年までのメキシコにおいて、投票権がある成人男性の比率はアメリカ、イギリス、フランスよりも高いと述べている。
- ^ Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, pp. 341–342, 352–355. Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, pp. 219–222, 240–244. Kinsbruner, Independence in Spanish America, pp. 143–144.
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