ヘパラン硫酸
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2022/11/16 08:26 UTC 版)
ヘパラン硫酸（ヘパランりゅうさん、英: heparan sulfate、略称: HS）は、全ての動物組織に存在する直線形構造の多糖である[1]。細胞表面近傍で2つから3つのHS鎖が付加されたプロテオグリカン（ヘパラン硫酸プロテオグリカン）として、または細胞外マトリックスタンパク質として存在する[2][3]。HSはこうした形態をとっているときにWntなどのさまざまなタンパク質リガンドを結合し[4][5]、発生過程、血管新生、血液凝固、グランザイムBの剥離活性の無効化[6]、腫瘍の転移など広範囲の生物学的過程を調節する。HSはRSウイルスなどいくつかのウイルスの細胞受容体となることも示されている[7]。SARS-CoV-2の感染時、特にウイルスがACE2に接着する際にHSが関与していることを示唆する研究もある[8]。
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- ^ a b “Inactivation of Wnt signaling by a human antibody that recognizes the heparan sulfate chains of glypican-3 for liver cancer therapy”. Hepatology 60 (2): 576–87. (August 2014). doi:10.1002/hep.26996. PMC 4083010. PMID 24492943.
- ^ a b c d e “Epitope mapping by a Wnt-blocking antibody: evidence of the Wnt binding domain in heparan sulfate”. Scientific Reports 6: 26245. (May 2016). Bibcode: 2016NatSR...626245G. doi:10.1038/srep26245. PMC 4869111. PMID 27185050.
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- ^ “Glycosaminoglycan sulfation requirements for respiratory syncytial virus infection”. Journal of Virology 74 (22): 10508–13. (November 2000). doi:10.1128/JVI.74.22.10508-10513.2000. PMC 110925. PMID 11044095.
- ^ “SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depends on Cellular Heparan Sulfate and ACE2”. The Journal of Cell 183 (4): 1043–1057.e15. (14 September 2020). doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.033. PMC 7489987. PMID 32970989.
- ^ “Glypican-3: a new target for cancer immunotherapy”. European Journal of Cancer 47 (3): 333–8. (February 2011). doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.10.024. PMC 3031711. PMID 21112773.
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- ^ “Proteoglycan forms of the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 are alternatively spliced variants containing the v3 exon”. The Journal of Cell Biology 128 (4): 673–85. (February 1995). doi:10.1083/jcb.128.4.673. PMC 2199896. PMID 7532175.
- ^ “Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans”. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 3 (7): a004952. (July 2011). doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a004952. PMC 3119907. PMID 21690215.
- ^ “Molecular distinctions between heparan sulphate and heparin. Analysis of sulphation patterns indicates that heparan sulphate and heparin are separate families of N-sulphated polysaccharides”. The Biochemical Journal 230 (3): 665–74. (September 1985). doi:10.1042/bj2300665. PMC 1152670. PMID 2933029.
- ^ “Heparan sulfate: decoding a dynamic multifunctional cell regulator”. Trends in Cell Biology 11 (2): 75–82. (February 2001). doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(00)01897-3. PMID 11166215.
- ^ “Animal cell mutants defective in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 82 (10): 3197–201. (May 1985). Bibcode: 1985PNAS...82.3197E. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.10.3197. PMC 397742. PMID 3858816.
- ^ “Regulated diversity of heparan sulfate”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (39): 24979–82. (September 1998). doi:10.1074/jbc.273.39.24979. PMID 9737951.
- ^ “Hereditary Multiple Exostoses: a review of clinical appearance and metabolic pattern”. Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism 13 (2): 110–118. (2016). doi:10.11138/ccmbm/2016.13.2.110. PMC 5119707. PMID 27920806.
- ^ “Biosynthesis of heparin. 3. Formation of a sulfated glycosaminoglycan with a microsomal preparation from mast cell tumors”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 242 (21): 5146–52. (November 1967). doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)99487-1. PMID 4228675.
- ^ “Heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthesis: processive formation of N-sulfated domains”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 283 (29): 20008–14. (July 2008). doi:10.1074/jbc.M801652200. PMID 18487608.
- ^ “Biosynthesis of heparin. Studies on the microsomal sulfation process”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 250 (15): 6065–71. (August 1975). doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)41159-9. PMID 807579.
- ^ “Multiple isozymes of heparan sulfate/heparin GlcNAc N-deacetylase/GlcN N-sulfotransferase. Structure and activity of the fourth member, NDST4”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (8): 5876–82. (February 2001). doi:10.1074/jbc.M009606200. PMID 11087757.
- ^ “Structural differences and the presence of unsubstituted amino groups in heparan sulphates from different tissues and species”. The Biochemical Journal 322 ( Pt 2) (Pt 2): 499–506. (March 1997). doi:10.1042/bj3220499. PMC 1218218. PMID 9065769.
- ^ “Combinatorial expression patterns of heparan sulfate sulfotransferases in zebrafish: III. 2-O-sulfotransferase and C5-epimerases”. Developmental Dynamics 236 (2): 581–6. (February 2007). doi:10.1002/dvdy.21051. PMID 17195182.
- ^ “Combinatorial expression patterns of heparan sulfate sulfotransferases in zebrafish: III. 2-O-sulfotransferase and C5-epimerases”. Developmental Dynamics 236 (2): 581–6. (February 2007). doi:10.1002/dvdy.21051. PMID 17195182.
- ^ a b “A novel role for 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate in herpes simplex virus 1 entry”. Cell 99 (1): 13–22. (October 1999). doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80058-6. PMID 10520990.
- ^ a b “Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 5 generates both an antithrombin-binding site and an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus, type 1”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (40): 37912–9. (October 2002). doi:10.1074/jbc.m204209200. PMID 12138164.
- ^ “Mice deficient in heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-1: normal hemostasis with unexpected perinatal phenotypes”. Glycoconjugate Journal 19 (4–5): 355–61. (2003). doi:10.1023/a:1025377206600. PMID 12975616.
- ^ “Characterization of heparan sulphate 3-O-sulphotransferase isoform 6 and its role in assisting the entry of herpes simplex virus type 1”. The Biochemical Journal 385 (Pt 2): 451–9. (January 2005). doi:10.1042/bj20040908. PMC 1134716. PMID 15303968.
- ^ a b “The principal neuronal gD-type 3-O-sulfotransferases and their products in central and peripheral nervous system tissues”. Matrix Biology 26 (6): 442–55. (July 2007). doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2007.03.002. PMC 1993827. PMID 17482450.
- ^ “Purification of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (43): 27072–82. (October 1996). doi:10.1074/jbc.271.43.27072. PMID 8900198.
- ^ a b “Molecular cloning and expression of mouse and human cDNAs encoding heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 (44): 28008–19. (October 1997). doi:10.1074/jbc.272.44.28008. PMID 9346953.
- ^ “Multiple isoforms of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase. Isolation, characterization, and expression of human cdnas and identification of distinct genomic loci”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 (8): 5170–84. (February 1999). doi:10.1074/jbc.274.8.5170. PMID 9988767.
- ^ “Biosynthesis of 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate: unique substrate specificity of heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 5”. Glycobiology 13 (11): 785–94. (November 2003). doi:10.1093/glycob/cwg101. PMID 12907690.
- ^ “The biosynthesis of anticoagulant heparan sulfate by the heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 5”. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1671 (1–3): 34–43. (March 2004). doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2003.12.010. PMID 15026143.
- ^ “Characterization of the structure of antithrombin-binding heparan sulfate generated by heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase 5”. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1725 (2): 190–200. (September 2005). doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.06.012. PMID 16099108.
- ^ “Synthesis of anticoagulantly active heparan sulfate proteoglycans by glomerular epithelial cells involves multiple 3-O-sulfotransferase isoforms and a limiting precursor pool”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 280 (45): 38059–70. (November 2005). doi:10.1074/jbc.m507997200. PMID 16107334.
- ^ “The heparanome and regulation of cell function: structures, functions and challenges”. Frontiers in Bioscience 13 (13): 4309–38. (May 2008). doi:10.2741/3007. PMID 18508513.
- ^ “Isolation of Antibodies to Heparan Sulfate on Glypicans by Phage Display”. Current Protocols in Protein Science 94 (1): e66. (November 2018). doi:10.1002/cpps.66. PMC 6205898. PMID 30091851.
- ^ “Infectious Entry and Neutralization of Pathogenic JC Polyomaviruses”. Cell Reports 21 (5): 1169–1179. (October 2017). doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.027. PMC 5687836. PMID 29091757.
- ^ “The heparan sulfate binding sequence of interferon-gamma increased the on rate of the interferon-gamma-interferon-gamma receptor complex formation”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (18): 10919–25. (May 1998). doi:10.1074/jbc.273.18.10919. PMID 9556569.
- ^ “Stimulated neovascularization, inflammation resolution and collagen maturation in healing rat cutaneous wounds by a heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan mimetic, OTR4120”. Wound Repair and Regeneration 17 (6): 840–52. (2009). doi:10.1111/j.1524-475X.2009.00548.x. PMID 19903305.
- ^ “Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan mimetic improves pressure ulcer healing in a rat model of cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion injury”. Wound Repair and Regeneration 19 (4): 505–14. (2011). doi:10.1111/j.1524-475X.2011.00704.x. PMID 21649786.
- ^ Blanquaert, F.; Saffar, J. L.; Colombier, M. L.; Carpentier, G.; Barritault, D.; Caruelle, J. P. (1995-12). “Heparan-like molecules induce the repair of skull defects”. Bone 17 (6): 499–506. doi:10.1016/8756-3282(95)00402-5. ISSN 8756-3282. PMID 8835301.
[続きの解説]
「ヘパラン硫酸」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 ヘパラン硫酸とは
- 2 ヘパラン硫酸の概要
- 3 リガンド結合
- 4 ヘパラン硫酸アナログ
- ヘパラン硫酸のページへのリンク
