アラブ人の奴隷貿易
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/06/09 08:22 UTC 版)
アラブ人の奴隷貿易（アラブじんのどれいぼうえき）とは、アラブ世界における奴隷制の実践であり、主に西アジアや北アフリカや東アフリカやヨーロッパの一部（イベリアや南イタリアなど）で、アラブ人支配者による統治期に行われた。貿易は、中東や北アフリカやアフリカの角の奴隷市場を中心としていた。取引された人々の人種や民族、宗教は特定のものに限らず、特に初期にはアラブ人やベルベル人も含まれていた。
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History
- ^ Focus on the slave trade
- ^ The Unknown Slavery: In the Muslim world, that is — and it's not over
- ^ “Arab Slave Trade: Nominal Muslims”. African Holocaust Society. 2007年1月4日閲覧。
- ^ “Arab Slave Trade:”. African Holocaust Society. 2007年1月4日閲覧。
- ^ Queenae Taylor Mulvihill (2006). Warriors: Spiritually Engaged, page 253
- ^ Arab versus European: diplomacy and war in nineteenth-century east central Africa
- ^ When europeans were slaves: Research suggests white slavery was much more common than previously believed
- ^ Davis, Robert. Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500-1800.Based on "records for 27,233 voyages that set out to obtain slaves for the Americas". Stephen Behrendt, "Transatlantic Slave Trade", Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999), ISBN 0-465-00071-1.
- ^ 17th-century Icelandic accounts of Barbary or "Turkish" raids, first in Turkish and then English.
- ^ BBC - History - British Slaves on the Barbary Coast
- ^ "Jefferson Versus the Muslim Pirates" by Christopher Hitchens, City Journal Spring 2007
- ^ Ransoming Captives in Crusader Spain: The Order of Merced on the Christian-Islamic Frontier
- ^ Supply of Slaves
- ^ Soldier Khan
- ^ The living legacy of jihad slavery
- ^ Manning (1990) p.10
- ^ Murray Gordon, Slavery in the Arab World New Amsterdam Press, New York, 1989. Originally published in French by Editions Robert Laffont, S.A. Paris, 1987, page 28.
- ^ Battuta's Trip: Journey to West Africa (1351 - 1353)
- ^ The blood of a nation of Slaves in Stone Town
- ^ BBC Remembering East African slave raids
- ^ "Know about Islamic Slavery in Africa"
- ^ “The Forgotten Holocaust: The Eastern Slave Trade”. 2009年10月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年12月11日閲覧。
- ^ Irfan Shahid, Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Dumbarton Oaks, 2002, p. 364 documents; Ghassanid Arabs seizing and selling 20,000 Jewish Samaritans as slaves in the year 529, before the rise of Islam.
- ^ Heart of Africa, vol. ii., chap. xv.
- ^ A Legacy Hidden in Plain Sight
- ^ Luiz Felipe de Alencastro, "Traite", in Encyclopædia Universalis (2002), corpus 22, page 902.
- ^ Ralph Austen, African Economic History (1987)
- ^ Paul Bairoch, Mythes et paradoxes de l'histoire économique, (1994). See also: Economics and World History: Myths and Paradoxes (1993)
- ^ Quoted in Ronald Segal's Islam's Black Slaves
- ^ Adam Hochschild (2001年3月4日). “Human Cargo”. New York Times
- ^ Ronald Segal (2002). Islam's Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0374527976
- ^ a b Mintz, S. Digital History Slavery, Facts & Myths
- ^ "The Unknown Slavery: In the Muslim world, that is -- and it's not over" John J. Miller, National Review, May 20, 2002
- ^ £400 for a Slave
- ^ War and Genocide in Sudan
- ^ "The Lost Children of Sudan"
- ^ "Slavery still exists in Mauritania"
- ^ Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law
- ^ The Abolition season on BBC World Service
- ^ Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch, in Les Collections de l'Histoire (April 2001) says:"la traite vers l'Océan indien et la Méditerranée est bien antérieure à l'irruption des Européens sur le continent"
- ^ Labb¿, Theola (2004年1月11日). “A Legacy Hidden in Plain Sight”. The Washington Post 2010年4月25日閲覧。
- ^ Dr Susan
- ^ Slave Trade. Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ a b c d Bernard Lewis (2003), “From Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry”, in Kevin Reilly, Stephen Kaufman, Angela Bodino, Racism: A Global Reader, M.E. Sharpe, pp. 52–8, ISBN 0-7656-1060-4
- ^ http://www.kuran.gen.tr/?x=s_main&y=s_middle&kid=17&sid=24
- ^ Ehud R. Toledano (1998), Slavery and abolition in the Ottoman Middle East, University of Washington Press, pp. 13–4, ISBN 0-295-97642-X
- ^ Sajoo, Amyn B. (June 1995), “The Islamic Ethos and the Spirit of Humanism”, International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society (Springer Netherlands) 8 (4): 579–596 [582], doi:10.1007/BF02142469
- ^ El Hamel, Chouki (2002), “'Race', slavery and Islam in Maghribi Mediterranean thought: the question of the Haratin in Morocco”, The Journal of North African Studies 7 (3): 29–52 [39–40], doi:10.1080/13629380208718472, "Neither in the Qur'an nor in the Hadith is there any indication of racial difference among humankind. But as a consequence of the Arab conquest, a mutual assimilation between Islam and the cultural and the scriptural traditions of Christian and Jewish populations occurred. Racial distinction between humankind with reference to the sons of Noah is found in the Babylonian Talmud, a collection of rabbinic writings that dates back to the sixth century."
- ^ Bernard Lewis (1992), Race and slavery in the Middle East: an historical enquiry, Oxford University Press, pp. 18–9, ISBN 0-19-505326-5
- ^ Lindsay, James E. (2005), Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World, Greenwood Publishing Group, pp. 12–5, ISBN 0-313-32270-8
- ^ A. J. Toynbee, Civilization on Trial, New York, 1948, p. 205
- ^ a b c F.R.C. Bagley et al., The Last Great Muslim Empires, (Brill: 1997), p.174
- ^ a b Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, Culture and Customs of Somalia' ', (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.13
- ^ a b Bethwell A. Ogot, Zamani: A Survey of East African History, (East African Publishing House: 1974), p.104
- ^ Joel Augustus Rogers, John Henrik Clarke, World's Great Men of Color, (Simon & Schuster: 1996), p.166
- ^ Yosef A.A. Ben-Jochannan (1991), African Origins of Major Western Religions, p. 231, 238. Black Classic Press, ISBN 0-933121-29-6.
- ^ a b c d e f West Asian views on black Africans during the medieval era - ColorQ, Retrieved November 27, 2008
- ^ Andrew Reid, Paul J. Lane, African Historical Archaeologies, (Springer: 2004), p.166
- ^ Lewis, Bernard (2002), Race and Slavery in the Middle East, Oxford University Press, p. 93, ISBN 0-19-505326-5
- ^ Translation and the Colonial Imaginary: Ibn Khaldun Orientalist, by Abdelmajid Hannoum 2003 Wesleyan University.
- ^ a b Cooley, William Desborough (1966), The Negroland of the Arabs Examined and Explained, London: Routledge, p. 143 Pages, ISBN 0-7146-1799-7
- ^ Not Quite Venus from the Waves: The Almoravid Conquest of Ghana in the Modern Historiography of Western Africa by Pekka Masonen; Humphrey J. Fisher 1996
- ^ The Conquest That Never Was: Ghana and the Almoravids, 1076. I. The External Arabic Sources, by David Conrad and Humphrey Fisher 1982 African Studies Association
- ^ El Hamel, Chouki (2002), “'Race', slavery and Islam in Maghribi Mediterranean thought: the question of the Haratin in Morocco”, The Journal of North African Studies 7 (3): 29–52 [41–2], doi:10.1080/13629380208718472
- ^ "Ibn Khaldun: His Life and Work" by Muhammad Hozien
- ^ Sir Hamilton Gibb (translator, 1929), Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354, p. 329, Routledge, ISBN 0-7100-9568-6
- ^ Please note : The numbers occurring in the source, and ウィキペディアのここでは、アラブ人とヨーロッパ人両方の貿易を含んでいる。 The impact of the slave trade on Africa
- ^ Pankhurst, Richard. The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century (Asmara, Eritrea: Red Sea Press, 1997), pp.416
- ^ Pankhurst. Ethiopian Borderlands, pp.432
- ^ Pankhurst. Ethiopian Borderlands, pp.59
- ^ Conlin, Joseph (2009), The American Past: A Survey of American History, Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 206, ISBN 978-0-495-57288-6 2010年10月10日閲覧。
- ^ McDaniel, Antonio (1995), Swing low, sweet chariot: the mortality cost of colonizing Liberia in the nineteenth century, University of Chicago Press, p. 11, ISBN 0-226-55724-3
- ^ Emery Van Donzel, "Primary and Secondary Sources for Ethiopian Historiography. The Case of Slavery and Slave-Trade in Ethiopia," in Claude Lepage, ed., Études éthiopiennes, vol I. France: Société française pour les études éthiopiennes, 1994, pp.187-88.
- ^ a b Roland Oliver, Africa in the Iron Age: c.500 BC-1 400 AD, (Cambridge University Press: 1975), p.192
- ^ James Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 12: V. 12, (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2003), p.490
- ^ Henry Louis Gates, Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, (Oxford University Press: 1999), p.1746
- ^ David D. Laitin, Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience, (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.52
- ^ Catherine Lowe Besteman, Unraveling Somalia: Race, Class, and the Legacy of Slavery, (University of Pennsylvania Press: 1999), p. 51
- ^ 『新唐書』南蛮伝下「室利佛逝，一曰尸利佛逝。…咸亨至開元間，数遣使者朝…又献侏儒、僧祇女各二及歌舞。」
- ^ 『冊府元亀』巻九七「開元十二年……七月、尸利佛逝国王遣使俱摩羅、献侏儒二人、僧耆女二人」
- ^ Moorehead, Alan (1960). The White Nile. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 11–12
[続きの解説]
「アラブ人の奴隷貿易」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 アラブ人の奴隷貿易とは
- 2 アラブ人の奴隷貿易の概要
- 3 概要
- 4 歴史的地理的文脈
- 5 奴隷貿易の地理
- 6 関連項目
- アラブ人の奴隷貿易のページへのリンク
