仏教に対する批判とは - わかりやすく解説 Weblio辞書

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仏教に対する批判

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/07/13 15:56 UTC 版)

仏教に対する批判（ぶっきょうにたいするひはん）では、仏教に対して行われてきた批判を説明する。

脚注

注釈

^ 巴: atthagarudhamma
^ 梵: कारिका、Kārikā　道歌の一種。

出典

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^ 植木 2018, pp. 187–188.
^ here "garu" or "guru" is used as an adjective, the wikilink points to the associated sanskrit noun.
See The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary entry for "garu": https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/pali_query.py?qs=garu&searchhws=yes
^ “Bhikkhunīs | the Buddhist Monastic Code, Volumes I & II”. 2022年4月17日閲覧。
^ “SuttaCentral”. 2022年4月17日閲覧。
^ https://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/pdf/5-personen/analayo/bhikkhuni-controversy.pdf
^ 植木 2018, pp. 175, 179.
^ Analayo, Bhikkhu (2013). “The Gurudharmaon Bhikṣuṇī Ordination in the Mūlasarvāstivāda Tradition”. Journal of Buddhist Ethics 20: 752. ISSN 1076-9005 2019年8月17日閲覧。.
^ Bhikkhuni Pac.56: Vin.IV. 313
^ Bhikkhuni Pac.59: Vin.IV. 315
^ Bhikkhuni Pac. 57: Vin. IV.314
^ Ven. Professor Dhammavihari. “Women and the religious order of the Buddha”. Buddhism Today 2022年4月17日閲覧。
^ Mackenzie, Vicki (1999). Cave in the Snow: A Western Woman's Quest for Enlightenment. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0747543895.: 155
^ Mackenzie, Vicki (1999). Cave in the Snow: A Western Woman's Quest for Enlightenment. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0747543895.: 154-55
^ Lopez 2009, p. 45.
^ 金沢英之 2004, pp. 17–18.
^ 金沢英之 2004, pp. 18–22.
^ 金沢英之 2004, pp. 22–27.
^ 金沢英之 2004, pp. 33.
^ 小学館 2022a, p. 「佐田介石」.
^ ^a ^b 朝日新聞出版 2022a, p. 「佐田介石」.
^ 平凡社 2022a, p. 「佐田介石」.
^ ^a ^b 『佐田介石の人間観と社会観――建白書における＜天眼＞＜天稟＞論について』、常塚聴、現代と親鸞第24号2012年6月1日
^ ^a ^b 『日本における最初の現代天文学の専門書（1）～明治初期の日本における天文学書』、株本訓久、天文教育 2013 年 5 月号（Vol.25 No.3）
^ 佐田介石（1880）『視実等象儀詳説』朝倉屋久兵衛
^ Lopez 2012, pp. 47–80.
^ “Bodu Bala Sena, Sri Lanka's Buddhist ultra-nationalists - CNN.com”. CNN (2014年7月18日). 2016年2月20日閲覧。 “The ultra-nationalist Sinhalese Buddhist organization has emerged as a troubling presence on the Sri Lankan political landscape in recent years, and is blamed by many for inciting the deadly violence in Aluthgama.”
^ Mohan, Rohini (2015年1月2日). “Sri Lanka's Violent Buddhists”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 2016年2月20日閲覧。
^ Bartholomeusz 2005, p. 20.
^ McGowan, William (2012年8月2日). “Buddhists Behaving Badly”. Foreign Affairs. 2016年2月20日閲覧。 “The Sinhalese take this as a sign that they are the Buddha's chosen people, commanded to "preserve and protect" Buddhism in its most pristine form.”
^ DeVotta 2007, pp. 7–8.
^ Deegalle 2006, p. 153.
^ “Chapter XXV THE VICTORY OF DUTTHAGAMANI”. lakdiva.org. 2016年2月20日閲覧。 “`From this deed arises no hindrance in thy way to heaven. Only one and a half human beings have been slain here by thee, O lord of men. The one had come unto the (three) refuges, the other had taken on himself the five precepts Unbelievers and men of evil life were the rest, not more to be esteemed than beasts. But as for thee, thou wilt bring glory to the doctrine of the Buddha in manifold ways; therefore cast away care from thy heart, O ruler of men!”
^ Grant, Patrick (2009-01-05). Buddhism and Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka. SUNY Press. pp. 48–51. ISBN 9780791493670. ""The campaign against Elara is described at some length in the Mahavamsa, and it is clear that Dutthagamini does not move against Elara because the Tamil king was unjust, cruel, or tyrannical. The Mahavamsa points out that Elara was a good ruler, and, when he is killed, Dutthagamini has him cremated honorably, and erects a monument in his memory. In constructing the "Dutthagamini epic" as he does, Mahanama wants to make clear that the heroic task in hand is not the defeat of injustice but the restoration of Buddhism. The overthrow of the Tamil king is required first and foremost because Sri Lanka cannot be united unless the monarch is Buddhist. [...] The main point is the honor Dutthagamini brings "to the doctrine of the Buddha," and this greater good justifies the violence required to bring it about. [...] Mahanama's [author of the Mahavamsa] lesson for monarchs remains consistent: be as strong as you need to be to maintain the Buddhist state; be supportive of the Sangha and willing to defeat the enemy by force.""
^ Bartholomeusz 2005, p. 50.
^ Beech, Hannah (2019年7月8日). “Buddhists Go to Battle: When Nationalism Overrides Pacifism”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 2020年8月7日閲覧。
^ Jerryson 2011, pp. 110.
^ John S. Strong (1989). The Legend of King Aśoka: A Study and Translation of the Aśokāvadāna. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.. pp. 232–233. ISBN 978-81-208-0616-0 2012年10月30日閲覧。
^ Imtiyaz, A.R.M.; Mohamed-Saleem, Amjad (2015-02-23). “Muslims in post-war Sri Lanka: understanding Sinhala-Buddhist mobilization against them”. Asian Ethnicity 16 (2): 186–202. doi:10.1080/14631369.2015.1003691. ISSN 1463-1369.
^ “Buddhist Perspectives on the Use of Force”. isme.tamu.edu. 2021年12月4日閲覧。
^ Gier, Nicholas, F. Buddhism and Japanese Nationalism: A sad chronicle of complicity
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^ Victoria, Brian Daizen (2010), “The "Negative Side" of D. T. Suzuki's Relationship to War”, The Eastern Buddhist 41 (2): 97–138 *
^ Stone, Jaquelin (2000). Japanese Lotus Millennialism. In: Wessinger, Catherine, Millennialism, Persecution and Violence, Syracuse University Press, p.265
^ Otani Eiichi, "Missionary Activities of Nichiren Buddhism in East Asia", in: "Modern Japanese Buddhism and Pan-Asianism", The 19th World Congress of the International Association for the History of Religions, Tokyo, March 28, 2005, pp.21–22 PDF
^ Kawase Takaya, "The Jodo Shinshu Sectś Missionary Work in Colonial Korea"; in: "Modern Japanese Buddhism and Pan-Asianism", The 19th World Congress of the International Association for the History of Religions, Tokyo, March 28, 2005, pp.6–7 PDF
^ “Buddhism and Nietzsche”. 2015年4月25日閲覧。
^ “Archived copy”. 2016年3月21日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年7月18日閲覧。
^ Dawkins, Harris, Hitchens and Daniel Dennett have been described as the "Four Horsemen" of the "New Atheism". See 'THE FOUR HORSEMEN,' Discussions with Richard Dawkins: Episode 1, RDFRS - RichardDawkins.net and » Blog Archive » The Four Horsemen of the New Atheism Archived 2010-07-30 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Killing the Buddha |accessdate = 19 March 2006 by Sam Harris
^ “Killing the Buddha”. 2006年3月19日閲覧。
^ “Mandukya Karika, verse 4.99”. 2016年2月15日閲覧。
^ “ब्रह्मसूत्र | Gita Supersite”. 2016年2月15日閲覧。
^ TAMURA Yoshira, Shin Kamakura bukkyo shiso no kenkyu [Studies on the thought of the new Kamakura schools]. Kyoto: Heiraku-ji Shoten, 1965., "Critique of Original Awakening thought in Shashin and Dagen," in Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 1112-3:243-266, 1984., Hongaku shisoron [Essays on hongaku shiso]. Tokyo: Shunjiisha, 1990, p. 393
^ YAMAUCHI Shun'yu, Dogen-Zen to Tendai hongaku hiimon [Dogen's Zen and the Tendai hongaku tradition]. Tokyo: Daiz6 Shuppansha, 1985. --, Zen to Tendai shikan [Zen and T'ien-t'ai meditation]. Tokyo: Daizo Shuppansha, 1986. 718 ff.
^ ITo Takatoshi, "Sojo to Kichizo-Chiigoku ni okeru chiikan shiso juyo no ichimen"[Seng-chao and Chi-tsang-One facet of the acceptance of Madhyamika thought in China]. In Kamata Shigeo hakase kanreki kinen ronshii-Chiigoku no Bukkyii to bunka, 1988, pp. 119-140. --, Kakugi Bukkyo ko-Shoki-bukkyo no keisei [A study of ke-i (matching terms) Buddhism-The formation of early (Chinese) Buddhism]. TiiM gakuM 7113-4:57-89 (March 1990). p. 57
^ 宋代禅宗史の研究、石井修道、大東出版社、昭62
^ Hirakawa 1999, p. 37.
^ Lopez 2009, p. 70.