パルミラ帝国
(パルミラ王国 から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2022/11/08 00:57 UTC 版)
パルミラ帝国 （ラテン語: Imperium Palmyrenum)は、3世紀の危機の時代のローマ帝国から一時期分離独立した帝国である。
注釈
出典
- ^ a b Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 280
- ^ Averil Cameron (1993). The Later Roman Empire, AD 284-430. Harvard University Press. p. 3
- ^ Averil Cameron (1993). The Later Roman Empire, AD 284-430. Harvard University Press. p. 4
- ^ Yann Le Bohec (2013). Imperial Roman Army. p. 196
- ^ Patrick J. Geary (2003). The Myth of Nations: The Medieval Origins of Europe. Princeton University Press. p. 81
- ^ Nic Fields (2008). The Walls of Rome. p. 12
- ^ a b c Andrew M. Smith II (2013). Roman Palmyra: Identity, Community, and State Formation. p. 177
- ^ a b c d e David L. Vagi (2000). Coinage and History of the Roman Empire, C. 82 B.C.--A.D. 480: History. p. 398
- ^ Beate Dignas; Engelbert Winter (2007). Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals. p. 159
- ^ Pat Southern (17 November 2008). Empress Zenobia: Palmyra's Rebel Queen. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-4411-7351-5
- ^ Edward Gibbon (2004). The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. p. 501
- ^ Clifford Ando (2012). Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century. p. 237
- ^ Lukas De Blois (1976). The Policy of the Emperor Gallienus. p. 3
- ^ Nathanael J. Andrade (2013). Syrian Identity in the Greco-Roman World. p. 333
- ^ Maurice Sartre (2005). The Middle East Under Rome. p. 354
- ^ Richard Stoneman (1994). Palmyra and Its Empire: Zenobia's Revolt Against Rome. p. 78
- ^ Pat Southern (2008). Empress Zenobia: Palmyra's Rebel Queen. p. 72
- ^ a b Pat Southern (2008). Empress Zenobia: Palmyra s Rebel Queen. p. 78
- ^ Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 292
- ^ Richard Stoneman (1994). Palmyra and Its Empire: Zenobia's Revolt Against Rome. p. 108
- ^ Edward Gibbon; Thomas Bowdler (1826). History of the decline and fall of the Roman empire for the use of families and young persons: reprinted from the original text, with the careful omission of all passagers of an irreligious tendency, Volume 1. p. 321
- ^ George C. Brauer (1975). The Age of the Soldier Emperors: Imperial Rome, A.D. 244-284. Noyes Press. p. 163
- ^ Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 299
- ^ Richard Stoneman (1994). Palmyra and Its Empire: Zenobia's Revolt Against Rome. p. 114
- ^ a b Trevor Bryce (2004). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 302
- ^ Andrew M. Smith II (2013). Roman Palmyra: Identity, Community, and State Formation. p. 48
- ^ Watson, Alaric (2004). Aurelian and the Third Century. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 9781134908158
- ^ Khaleel Ibrahim Muaikel (1994). Dirasah li-āthār Mintaqat al-Jawf. p. 43
- ^ Fergus Millar (1993). The Roman Near East, 31 B.C.-A.D. 337. p. 433
- ^ Roxani Eleni Margariti; Adam Sabra; Petra Sijpesteijn (2010). Histories of the Middle East: Studies in Middle Eastern Society, Economy and Law in Honor of A.L. Udovitch. p. 148
- ^ Mohammad Rihan (2014). The Politics and Culture of an Umayyad Tribe: Conflict and Factionalism in the Early Islamic Period. p. 28
- ^ Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 296
- ^ a b Alaric Watson (2014). Aurelian and the Third Century. p. 62
- ^ Pat Southern (2008). Empress Zenobia: Palmyra's Rebel Queen. p. 133
- ^ Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 303
- ^ Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 304
- ^ Alaric Watson (2014). Aurelian and the Third Century. p. 63
- ^ Alaric Watson (2014). Aurelian and the Third Century. p. 64
- ^ a b Warwick Ball (2002). Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire. p. 80
- ^ a b Andrew M. Smith II (2013). Roman Palmyra: Identity, Community, and State Formation. p. 179
- ^ David L. Vagi (2000). Coinage and History of the Roman Empire, C. 82 B.C.--A.D. 480: History. p. 365
- ^ Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 307
- ^ a b Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 308
- ^ Alaric Watson (2004). Aurelian and the Third Century. p. 71
- ^ a b Alaric Watson (2004). Aurelian and the Third Century. p. 72
- ^ Richard Stoneman (1994). Palmyra and Its Empire: Zenobia's Revolt Against Rome. p. 167
- ^ Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 309
- ^ Alaric Watson (2004). Aurelian and the Third Century. p. 74
- ^ John Carne; William Purser (1836). Syria, the Holy Land, Asia Minor, &c. illustrated: In a series of views drawn from nature. Fisher, Son, & Co.; London, Paris, & America.. p. 31
- ^ Pat Southern (2008). Empress Zenobia: Palmyra's Rebel Queen. p. 138
- ^ Alaric Watson (2004). Aurelian and the Third Century. p. 75
- ^ Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 310
- ^ Alaric Watson (2004). Aurelian and the Third Century. p. 76
- ^ a b Alan Bowman; Peter Garnsey; Averil Cameron (2005). The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337. p. 52
- ^ Richard Stoneman (1994). Palmyra and Its Empire: Zenobia's Revolt Against Rome. p. 175
- ^ a b Alaric Watson (2004). Aurelian and the Third Century. p. 77
- ^ a b c Warwick Ball (2002). Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire. p. 81
- ^ Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 313
- ^ Alaric Watson (2014). Aurelian and the Third Century. p. 78
- ^ William Ware (1846). Zenobia, Or, The Fall of Palmyra: A Historical Romance in Letters from L. Manlius Piso from Palmyra, to His Friend Marcus Curtius at Rome. p. 242
- ^ Warwick Ball (2002). Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire. p. 81
- ^ Andrew M. Smith II (2013). Roman Palmyra: Identity, Community, and State Formation. p. 180
- ^ Andrew M. Smith II (2013). Roman Palmyra: Identity, Community, and State Formation. p. 181
- ^ Butcher, Kevin (2003). Roman Syria and the Near East. Getty Publications. p. 60. ISBN 9780892367153
- ^ a b Alaric Watson (2004). Aurelian and the Third Century. p. 81
- ^ Alan Bowman; Peter Garnsey; Averil Cameron (2005). The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337. p. 515
- ^ a b c d Nakamura 1993, p. 133.
- ^ Hitti 2002, p. 73.
- ^ Zahrān 2003, p. 36.
- ^ a b Whittow 2010, p. 154.
- ^ a b Ball 2002, p. 82.
- ^ a b c Smith II 2013, p. 180.
- ^ Millar 1993, p. 334.
- ^ Manley, John (2013). The Romans: All That Matters. John Murray Press. p. 15. ISBN 9781444183887
- ^ Christian Sahner (2014). Among the Ruins: Syria Past and Present. p. 153
[続きの解説]
「パルミラ帝国」の続きの解説一覧
パルミラ王国
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2020/04/01 04:44 UTC 版)
パルミラ王国（260年 - 273年）。パルミラ遺跡のあるタドモルの街は砂漠の只中のオアシスに位置する。
※この「パルミラ王国」の解説は、「ホムス県」の解説の一部です。
「パルミラ王国」を含む「ホムス県」の記事については、「ホムス県」の概要を参照ください。
ウィキペディア小見出し辞書の「パルミラ王国」の項目はプログラムで機械的に意味や本文を生成しているため、不適切な項目が含まれていることもあります。ご了承くださいませ。 お問い合わせ。
- パルミラ王国のページへのリンク
