ジム・ジョーンズとは - わかりやすく解説 Weblio辞書

ジム・ジョーンズ

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/06/10 10:04 UTC 版)

ジム・ジョーンズことジェームズ・ウォーレン・ジョーンズ（英語: James Warren "Jim" Jones、1931年 5月13日 - 1978年 11月18日）は、アメリカ合衆国のキリスト教系新宗教（カルト）・人民寺院（英語: Peoples Temple）の教祖。社会主義の信奉者であり、社会主義こそが神の意思に沿った社会規範であると信じていた^[1]^[2]。元々は、プロテスタントの一派・メソジスト並びにディサイプルス派の牧師であったが、後に人民寺院を創始した。南米ガイアナに教団が開拓したジョーンズタウンで、信者共々集団自殺したことで知られる。

脚注

注釈

^ ジム・ジョーンズは、彼の母リネッタからチェロキー族の地を引いていると主張していたが、この話は真実ではないとされる^[8]。リネッタのいとこであるバーバラ・シャッファーは「私たち家族の中にはインディアンの血は少しもありません」と述べている^[9]。シャッファーはリネッタはウェールズ系人であると述べている^[10]。リネッタの出生記録は既に失われている^[11]。
^ アメリカ合衆国第32代大統領フランクリン・ルーズベルトの妻。
^ 本記事は、今後特に必要のない限り人民寺院と記載する。
^ 韓国のこと。
^ 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国のこと。
^ ただし、正式名称はピープルズ・テンプル・アグリカルチュラル・プロジェクト（英語: Peoples Temple Agricultural Project、人民寺院農業計画）である。
^ ジョーンズタウン住民の68%が黒人であった。
^ 人民寺院信者、キャロライン・ルイーズ・ムーア・レイトンとの間にできた子供。
^ 人民寺院は、数か月もの間人民寺院信者達の亡命の可能性について、交渉を行っていた。
^ 表面上は、この男性信者自身が同性愛者であることを証明するためとされていた。
^ ジョーンズ夫妻の財産。

出典

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Wessinger 2000
^ ^a ^b ^c Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 134". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.]
^ Rolls 2014, p. 100
^ Hall 1987, p. 3
^ Levi 1982
^ ^a ^b Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 9–10
^ ^a ^b ^c Kilduff, Marshall and Javers, Ron. The Suicide Cult. Bantam Books, 1978. p. 10.
^ Lindsay, Robert. "How Rev. Jim Jones and Black Spencer Gained His Power Over Followers". The New York Times. November 26, 1978)
^ (Lindsay, Robert. "How Rev. Jim Jones Gained His Power Over Followers". The New York Times. November 26, 1978)
^ "Jones—The Dark Private Side Emerges". Los Angeles Times. November 24, 1978
^ Kilduff, Marshall and Ron Javers. "Jim Jones Always Led – Or Wouldn't Play". San Francisco Chronicle. December 4, 1978
^ “Jones, Jim (1931 - 1978) American Cult Leader”. World of Criminal Justice, Gale.. 2012年10月10日閲覧。
^ ^a ^b Hall 1987, p. 5
^ 『死ぬには良い日だオジブエ族の戦士と奇跡』（三五館）
^ ^a ^b Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 24
^ リフトン 2000, p. 297-300.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple. American Experience, PBS.org.
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 27
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 33
^ ^a ^b "Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple - Timeline". PBS.org. February 20, 2007.
^ Knoll, James. Mass Suicide & the Jonestown Tragedy: Literature Summary. Jonestown Institute, San Diego State University. October 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c Horrock, Nicholas M., "Communist in 1950s", The New York Times, December 17, 1978
^ ^a ^b Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 68
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 69
^ ^a ^b ^c Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 71
^ ^a ^b ^c Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 72
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 76
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 65
^ ^a ^b ^c Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple - People & Events PBS.org. February 20, 2007.
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 63
^ Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 1023". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
^ ^a ^b "The Wills of Jim Jones and Marceline Jones". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple - Race and the Peoples Temple". PBS.org. February 20, 2007.
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 76–77
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 78
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 79
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 81
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 84
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 82
^ ^a ^b ^c Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 83
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 85–86
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 86
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d New York Times, "How Rev. Jim Jones Gained His Power Over Followers", Robert Lindsay, November 26, 1978
^ Layton 1998, p. 53
^ Jim Jones, Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 1053
^ Jones, Jim. "The Letter Killeth". Original material reprint. Department of Religious Studies. San Diego State University.
^ See, e.g., Jones, Jim in conversation with John Maher, "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 622". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.]
^ Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple. PBS.org.
^ ^a ^b Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 302–304
^ Los Angeles Times, "First Lady Among Cult's References; Mondale, Califano also listed", November 21, 1978.
^ Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 799". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kilduff, Marshall and Phil Tracy. "Inside Peoples Temple". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University. August 1, 1977.
^ Layton 1998, p. 105
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 308
^ "Another Day of Death". Time. December 11, 1978.
^ VanDeCarr, Paul "Death of dreams: in November 1978, Harvey Milk's murder and the mass suicides at Jonestown nearly broke San Francisco's spirit.", The Advocate, November 25, 2003
^ Sawyer, Mary My Lord, What a Mourning:’ Twenty Years Since Jonestown, Jonestown Institute at SDSU
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 369
^ Goodlett, Carlton B., Notes on Peoples Temple, reprinted in Moore, Rebecca and Fielding M. McGehee, III, The Need for a Second Look at Jonestown, Edwin Mellen Press, 1989, ISBN 0-88946-649-1
^ ^a ^b Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 282
^ ^a ^b リフトン 2000, p. 304-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c リフトン 2000, p. 304.
^ リフトン 2000, p. 306.
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 285, 306, 587
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 314
^ ^a ^b Layton 1998, p. 113
^ Hall 1987, p. 132
^ ^a ^b Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 50". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 451
^ ^a ^b McCormick Maaga, Mary. Hearing the voices of Jonestown. Syracuse University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8156-0515-3.
^ ^a ^b Followership in Peoples Temple: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly by Wendy M. Edmonds
^ ^a ^b Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 130–131
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 445
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 377
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 324
^ "Jim Jon (Kimo) Prokes". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 408
^ Hall 1987, p. 227
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 458
^ ^a ^b Reiterman & Jacobs 1982
^ Liebert, Larry, "What Politicians Say Now About Jones", San Francisco Chronicle, November 20, 1978
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 327
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 327
^ Milk, Harvey Letter Addressed to President Jimmy Carter, Dated February 19, 1978
^ Moore, Rebecca. A Sympathetic History of Jonestown. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press. ISBN 0-88946-860-5. p. 143.
^ "Accusation of Human Rights Violations by Rev. James Warren Jones. April 11, 1978. Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Affidavit of Deborah Layton Blakey". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
^ ^a ^b Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 440
^ ^a ^b Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 481
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 476–480
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 487–488
^ ^a ^b Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 519–520
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 524
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 516
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 527
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 529–531
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 533
^ Who Died?, Alternative Considerations of Jonestown, San Diego State University
^ ^a ^b 1978: Mass suicide leaves 900 dead. BBC, November 18, 2005
^ Rapaport, Richard, Jonestown and City Hall slayings eerily linked in time and memory, San Francisco Chronicle, November 16, 2003
^ Jim Jones, "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 42". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Jonestown Audiotape Primary Project". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 559
^ ^a ^b Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 390–391
^ “Guyana Inquest – Interviews of Cecil Roberts & Cyril Mootoo” (PDF). 2010年2月23日閲覧。
^ “Guyana Inquest – Interviews of Cecil Roberts & Cyril Mootoo” (PDF). 2010年2月23日閲覧。
^ Jonestown: Paradise Lost, Interview of Stephan Jones, Documentary airing on Discovery Networks, 2007
^ ^a ^b Autopsy of Jim Jones by Kenneth H. Mueller, Jonestown Institute at SDSU
^ ^a ^b ^c Wise, David. "Sex in Peoples Temple". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
^ ^a ^b Paranoia And Delusions, Time, December 11, 1978
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 176–177
^ "FAQ: Who was the leader of Peoples Temple?" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 505–506
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, p. 565
^ Fish, Jon and Chris Connelly (2007年10月5日). “Outside the Lines: Grandson of Jonestown founder is making a name for himself”. ESPN. 2008年8月23日閲覧。
^ "Who Survived the Jonestown Tragedy?" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Janet Marie Tupper" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Mary Elizabeth Tupper" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Ruth Ann Tupper" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Larry Howard Tupper" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Rita Jeanette Tupper Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ Reiterman & Jacobs 1982, pp. 474–475
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Smith, Gary. "Escaping Jonestown". Sports Illustrated. CNN. December 24, 2007.
^ Jones, Stephan. - "Marceline/Mom" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ Brownstein, Bill. "The son who survived Jonestown". The Gazette. Canada. March 9, 2007.
^ Stephen Stept (producer, director, writer) (9 November 2008). Witness to Jonestown. MSNBC Films.
^ "22 - Rob Jones". University of San Diego Official Athletic Site. Retrieved October 3, 2009. Archived by WebCite
^ Agnes Paulette Jones Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple]. San Diego State University.
^ "Forrest Ray Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Billy Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Jimbo Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Michael Ray Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Stephanie Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ Lew Eric Jones Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Terry Carter Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Chaeoke Warren Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ FBI Tape Q 265 - October 17, 1978 address. Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "November 18 1978 Letter from Marceline Jones". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Letter from Marceline Jones". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
^ Who Has Died Since 18 November 1978? Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ Smith, Gary. "Escape From Jonestown" Sports Illustrated CNN.com. December 24, 2007.
^ "Carolyn Louise Moore Layton" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ リフトン 2000, p. 314.
^ Slaven, Neil (November 17, 2009). Electric Don Quixote: The Definitive Story Of Frank Zappa. Omnibus Press