ウイルス学の歴史とは? わかりやすく解説

Weblio 辞書 > 辞書・百科事典 > 百科事典 > ウイルス学の歴史の意味・解説 

ウイルス学の歴史

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2023/09/18 03:00 UTC 版)

ウイルス学の歴史(ウイルスがくのれきし)では、19世紀末に始まる、ウイルスとウイルスが引き起こす感染についての科学的研究の歴史について記述する。


  1. ^ Bordenave G (May 2003). “Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)”. Microbes and Infection / Institut Pasteur 5 (6): 553–60. doi:10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00075-3. PMID 12758285. 
  2. ^ Shors 2008, pp. 76–77
  3. ^ a b c Topley & Wilson 1998, p. 3
  4. ^ Leppard, Keith; Nigel Dimmock; Easton, Andrew (2007). Introduction to Modern Virology. Blackwell Publishing Limited. pp. 4–5. ISBN 1-4051-3645-6 
  5. ^ Fenner, F. (2009). “History of Virology: Vetebrate Viruses”. In Mahy, B.W.J.; Van Regenmortal, M.H.V.. Desk Encyclopedia of General Virology. Oxford, UK: Academic Press. p. 15. ISBN 0-12-375146-2 
  6. ^ Chiong MA (December 1989). “Dr. Carlos Finlay and yellow fever”. Canadian Medical Association Journal 141 (11): 1126. PMC 1451274. PMID 2684378. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1451274/. 
  7. ^ Litsios S (2001). “William Crawford Gorgas (1854–1920)”. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 44 (3): 368–78. doi:10.1353/pbm.2001.0051. PMC 1353777. PMID 11482006. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1353777/. 
  8. ^ Patterson R (September 1989). “Dr. William Gorgas and his war with the mosquito”. Canadian Medical Association Journal 141 (6): 596–7, 599. PMC 1451363. PMID 2673502. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1451363/. 
  9. ^ Frierson JG (June 2010). “The yellow fever vaccine: a history”. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 83 (2): 77–85. PMC 2892770. PMID 20589188. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892770/. 
  10. ^ “Thomas Milton Rivers, September 3, 1888–May 12, 1962” (PDF). Biogr Mem Natl Acad Sci 38: 263–94. (1965). PMID 11615452. http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/trivers.pdf. 
  11. ^ * In 1887, Buist visualised one of the largest, Vaccinia virus, by optical microscopy after staining it. Vaccinia was not known to be a virus at that time. Buist, J.B. (1887). Vaccinia and Variola: a study of their life history. London: Churchill 
  12. ^ From Ekspång, Gösta, ed (1993). Nobel Lectures, Physics 1981–1990. World Scientific. ISBN 981020728X 
  13. ^ Carr, N. G.; Mahy, B. W. J.; Pattison, J. R.; Kelly, D. P. (1984). The Microbe 1984: Thirty-sixth Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology, held at the University of Warwick, April 1984. Symposia of the Society for general microbiology. 36. Cambridge University Press. p. 4. ISBN 0-521-26056-6. OCLC 499302635 
  14. ^ “The isolation of crystalline tobacco mosaic virus protein from diseased tomato plants”. Science 83 (2143): 85. (1936). Bibcode1936Sci....83...85S. doi:10.1126/science.83.2143.85. PMID 17756690. 
  15. ^ “Disintegration of tobacco mosaic virus in urea solutions”. Science 89 (2311): 345–347. (1939). Bibcode1939Sci....89..345S. doi:10.1126/science.89.2311.345. PMID 17788438. 
  16. ^ “Properties and hydrolytic products of nucleic acid from tobacco mosaic virus”. Journal of Biological Chemistry 130 (1): 251–258. (1939). http://www.jbc.org/content/130/1/251.short. 
  17. ^ Burton E. Tropp (2007). Molecular Biology: Genes to Proteins. Burton E. Tropp. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 12. ISBN 0-7637-5963-5 
  18. ^ The Microbe 1984, p. 3
  19. ^ a b c d e Shors, Teri (2008). Understanding Viruses. Sudbury, Mass: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 589. ISBN 0-7637-2932-9 
  20. ^ a b Ackermann, H-W (2009). “History of Virology: Bacteriophages”. Desk Encyclopedia of General Virology. p. 3. https://books.google.com/books?id=ew1fR6ghsmgC&pg=PA3 
  21. ^ a b D'Herelle F (September 2007). “On an invisible microbe antagonistic toward dysenteric bacilli: brief note by Mr. F. D'Herelle, presented by Mr. Roux☆”. Research in Microbiology 158 (7): 553–4. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2007.07.005. PMID 17855060. 
  22. ^ Ackermann, H-W (2009). “History of Virology: Bacteriophages”. Desk Encyclopedia of General Virology. p. 4. https://books.google.com/books?id=ew1fR6ghsmgC&pg=PA4 
  23. ^ "The antagonistic microbe can never be cultivated in media in the absence of the dysentery bacillus. It does not attack heat-killed dysentery bacilli, but is cultivated perfectly in a suspension of washed cells in physiological saline. This indicates that the anti dysentery microbe is an obligate bacteriophage". Felix d'Herelle (1917) An invisible microbe that is antagonistic to the dysentery bacillus (1917) Comptes rendus Acad. Sci. Paris Retrieved on 2 December 2010
  24. ^ Ackermann, H-W (2009). “History of Virology: Bacteriophages”. Desk Encyclopedia of General Virology. p. 4 Table 1. https://books.google.com/books?id=ew1fR6ghsmgC&pg=PA4 
  25. ^ a b Shors 2008, p. 591
  26. ^ Shors 2008, p. 590
  27. ^ Quoted in: Ackermann, H-W (2009). “History of Virology: Bacteriophages”. Desk Encyclopedia of General Virology. p. 4. https://books.google.com/books?id=ew1fR6ghsmgC&pg=PA4 
  28. ^ Ackermann, H-W (2009). “History of Virology: Bacteriophages”. Desk Encyclopedia of General Virology. pp. 3–5. https://books.google.com/books?id=ew1fR6ghsmgC&pg=PA3 
  29. ^ Ackermann, H-W (2009). “History of Virology: Bacteriophages”. Desk Encyclopedia of General Virology. p. 5. https://books.google.com/books?id=ew1fR6ghsmgC&pg=PA5 
  30. ^ Nobel Organisation
  31. ^ Ackermann, H-W (2009). “History of Virology: Bacteriophages”. Desk Encyclopedia of General Virology. pp. 5–10 Table 1. https://books.google.com/books?id=ew1fR6ghsmgC&pg=PA5 
  32. ^ Mayer A (1882) Over de moza¨ıkziekte van de tabak: voorloopige mededeeling. Tijdschr Landbouwkunde Groningen 2: 359–364 (In German)
  33. ^ a b Quoted in: “A history of plant virology”. Archives of Virology 151 (8): 1467–98. (August 2006). doi:10.1007/s00705-006-0782-3. PMID 16732421. 
  34. ^ Bernal, J. D.; Fankuchen, I. (1941-09-20). “X-RAY AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF PLANT VIRUS PREPARATIONS : I. INTRODUCTION AND PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS II. MODES OF AGGREGATION OF THE VIRUS PARTICLES”. The Journal of General Physiology 25 (1): 111–146. ISSN 0022-1295. PMC 2142030. PMID 19873255. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19873255. 
  35. ^ Bernal, J. D.; Fankuchen, I. (1941-09-20). “X-RAY AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF PLANT VIRUS PREPARATIONS. III”. The Journal of General Physiology 25 (1): 147–165. ISSN 0022-1295. PMC 2142028. PMID 19873256. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19873256. 
  36. ^ “After the double helix: Rosalind Franklin's research on Tobacco mosaic virus”. Isis 99 (2): 239–72. (June 2008). doi:10.1086/588626. PMID 18702397. 
  37. ^ Leppard, Keith; Nigel Dimmock; Easton, Andrew (2007). Introduction to Modern Virology. Blackwell Publishing Limited. p. 12. ISBN 1-4051-3645-6 
  38. ^ a b “A history of plant virology. Mendelian genetics and resistance of plants to viruses”. New Microbiology 24 (4): 409–24. (October 2001). PMID 11718380. 
  39. ^ Shors 2008, p. 563
  40. ^ Hansing, D.; Johnston, C.O.; Melchers, L.E.; Fellows, H. (1949). “Kansas Phytopathological Notes”. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 52 (3): 363–369. JSTOR 3625805. 
  41. ^ Shors 2008, p. 564
  42. ^ Nicholas, J.S. (1961) (PDF). Ross Granville Harrison 1870—1959 A Biographical Memoir. National Academy of Sciences. http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/rharrison.pdf 
  43. ^ Steinhardt, E.; Israeli, C.; Lambert, R.A. (1913). “Studies on the cultivation of the virus of vaccinia”. J. Inf Dis. 13: 294–300. doi:10.1093/infdis/13.2.294. 
  44. ^ “The growth in vitro of vaccinia virus in chick embryo chorio-allantoic membrane, minced embryo and cell suspensions”. The Journal of Hygiene 55 (3): 347–60. (September 1957). doi:10.1017/S0022172400037268. PMC 2217967. PMID 13475780. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2217967/. 
  45. ^ Sussman, Max; Topley, W.W.C.; Wilson, Graham K.; Collier, L.H.; Balows, Albert (1998). Topley & Wilson's microbiology and microbial infections. London: Arnold. p. 4. ISBN 0-340-66316-2 
  46. ^ “When two is better than one: thoughts on three decades of interaction between Virology and the Journal of Virology”. J. Virol. 73 (5): 3520–3. (May 1999). PMC 104123. PMID 10196240. http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10196240. 
  47. ^ “George K. Hirst (1909–1994)”. Virology 200 (2): 327. (1994). doi:10.1006/viro.1994.1196. 
  48. ^ Oldstone, Michael B. A. (2009). Viruses, Plagues, and History: Past, Present and Future. Oxford University Press. p. 306. ISBN 0-19-532731-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=WUDRCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA306 
  49. ^ Oldstone 2009, p. 315
  50. ^ Shors 2008, pp. 238–344
  51. ^ Cunha BA (March 2004). “Influenza: historical aspects of epidemics and pandemics”. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 18 (1): 141–55. doi:10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00095-3. PMID 15081510. 
  52. ^ “The cultivation of vaccine and other viruses in the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos”. Science 74 (1919): 371–2. (1931). Bibcode1931Sci....74..371G. doi:10.1126/science.74.1919.371. PMID 17810781. 
  53. ^ “Presentation of the Academy Medal to George K. Hirst, M.D”. Bull N Y Acad Med 51 (10): 1133–6. (November 1975). PMC 1749565. PMID 1104014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1749565/. 
  54. ^ Rosen FS (2004). “Isolation of poliovirus—John Enders and the Nobel Prize”. New England Journal of Medicine 351 (15): 1481–83. doi:10.1056/NEJMp048202. PMID 15470207. 
  55. ^ Magrath I (September 2009). “Lessons from clinical trials in African Burkitt lymphoma”. Current Opinion in Oncology 21 (5): 462–8. doi:10.1097/CCO.0b013e32832f3dcd. PMID 19620863. 
  56. ^ Epstein, M. Anthony (2005). “1. The origins of EBV research: discovery and characterization of the virus”. In Robertson, Earl S.. Epstein-Barr Virus. Trowbridge: Cromwell Press. pp. 1–14. ISBN 1-904455-03-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=TRO-wXto8hcC 2010年9月18日閲覧。 
  57. ^ Bornkamm GW (April 2009). “Epstein-Barr virus and the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma: more questions than answers”. International Journal of Cancer 124 (8): 1745–55. doi:10.1002/ijc.24223. PMID 19165855. 
  58. ^ Thorley-Lawson DA (August 2005). “EBV the prototypical human tumor virus—just how bad is it?”. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 116 (2): 251–61; quiz 262. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.05.038. PMID 16083776. 
  59. ^ Norrby E (2008). “Nobel Prizes and the emerging virus concept”. Archives of Virology 153 (6): 1109–23. doi:10.1007/s00705-008-0088-8. PMID 18446425. 
  60. ^ Discoverers and Discoveries - ICTV Files and Discussions” (2009年11月11日). 2009年11月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2017年11月5日閲覧。
  61. ^ “An apparently new transmissible disease of cattle”. The Cornell Veterinarian 36: 205–13. (July 1946). PMID 20995890. 
  62. ^ “Cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV): emerging pestiviruses doomed to extinction”. Veterinary Research 41 (6): 44. (2010). doi:10.1051/vetres/2010016. PMC 2850149. PMID 20197026. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2850149/. 
  63. ^ “Isolation of a filterable agent causing arteritis of horses and abortion by mares; its differentiation from the equine abortion (influenza) virus”. The Cornell Veterinarian 47 (1): 3–41. (January 1957). PMID 13397177. 
  64. ^ a b Weller TH (December 1995). “Varicella-zoster virus: History, perspectives, and evolving concerns”. Neurology 45 (12 Suppl 8): S9–10. doi:10.1212/wnl.45.12_suppl_8.s9. PMID 8545033. 
  65. ^ a b “Measles: old vaccines, new vaccines”. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 330: 191–212. (2009). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70617-5_10. ISBN 978-3-540-70616-8. PMID 19203111. 
  66. ^ a b c “Respiratory syncytial virus and other pneumoviruses: a review of the international symposium—RSV 2003”. Virus Research 106 (1): 1–13. (November 2004). doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2004.06.008. PMID 15522442. 
  67. ^ a b Tyrrell DA (August 1987). “The common cold—my favourite infection. The eighteenth Majority Stephenson memorial lecture”. The Journal of General Virology 68 (8): 2053–61. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-68-8-2053. PMID 3039038. 
  68. ^ Zetterström R (March 2008). “Nobel Prize to Baruch Blumberg for the discovery of the aetiology of hepatitis B”. Acta Paediatrica 97 (3): 384–7. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00669.x. PMID 18298788. 
  69. ^ “RNA-directed DNA synthesis and RNA tumor viruses”. Advances in Virus Research. Advances in Virus Research 17: 129–86. (1972). doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60749-6. ISBN 9780120398171. PMID 4348509. 
  70. ^ Broder S (January 2010). “The development of antiretroviral therapy and its impact on the HIV-1/AIDS pandemic”. Antiviral Research 85 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.10.002. PMC 2815149. PMID 20018391. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2815149/. 
  71. ^ “Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)”. Science 220 (4599): 868–71. (May 1983). Bibcode1983Sci...220..868B. doi:10.1126/science.6189183. PMID 6189183. 
  72. ^ Houghton M (November 2009). “The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus”. Journal of Hepatology 51 (5): 939–48. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004. PMID 19781804. http://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278%2809%2900535-2/fulltext. 
  73. ^ “Detection of SARS Coronavirus”. Methods in Molecular Biology. Methods in Molecular Biology 665: 369–82. (2011). doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-817-1_20. ISBN 978-1-60761-816-4. PMID 21116811. 
  74. ^ “The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses”. Microbes and Infection / Institut Pasteur 3 (4): 307–14. (April 2001). doi:10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01384-3. PMID 11334748. 
  75. ^ Mahy, B.W.J. (2009). Desk Encyclopedia of Human and Medical Virology. Boston: Academic Press. pp. 583–7. ISBN 0-12-375147-0 
  76. ^ Skern T (September 2010). “100 years poliovirus: from discovery to eradication. A meeting report”. Archives of Virology 155 (9): 1371–81. doi:10.1007/s00705-010-0778-x. PMID 20683737. 
  77. ^ Becsei-Kilborn E (2010). “Scientific discovery and scientific reputation: the reception of Peyton Rous' discovery of the chicken sarcoma virus”. Journal of the History of Biology 43 (1): 111–57. doi:10.1007/s10739-008-9171-y. PMID 20503720. 
  78. ^ “Yellow fever: a reemerging threat”. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 30 (1): 237–60. (March 2010). doi:10.1016/j.cll.2010.01.001. PMC 4349381. PMID 20513550. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349381/. 
  79. ^ a b “Encephalitic alphaviruses”. Veterinary Microbiology 140 (3–4): 281–6. (January 2010). doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.023. PMC 2814892. PMID 19775836. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2814892/. 
  80. ^ “An investigation of the etiology of mumps”. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 59 (1): 1–19. (January 1934). doi:10.1084/jem.59.1.1. PMC 2132344. PMID 19870227. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2132344/. 
  81. ^ “Overview: Japanese encephalitis”. Progress in Neurobiology 91 (2): 108–20. (June 2010). doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.01.008. PMID 20132860. 
  82. ^ Ross TM (March 2010). “Dengue virus”. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 30 (1): 149–60. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2009.10.007. PMID 20513545. 
  83. ^ Melnick JL (December 1993). “The discovery of the enteroviruses and the classification of poliovirus among them”. Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization 21 (4): 305–9. doi:10.1006/biol.1993.1088. PMID 8024744. 
  84. ^ Martin, Malcolm A.; Knipe, David M.; Fields, Bernard N.; Howley, Peter M.; Griffin, Diane; Lamb, Robert (2007). Fields' virology. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 2395. ISBN 0-7817-6060-7 
  85. ^ “Independent evolution of monkeypox and variola viruses”. Journal of Virology 66 (12): 7565–7. (December 1992). PMC 240470. PMID 1331540. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC240470/. 
  86. ^ Cooper LZ (1985). “The history and medical consequences of rubella”. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 7 Suppl 1: S2–10. doi:10.1093/clinids/7.supplement_1.s2. PMID 3890105. 
  87. ^ Yap SF (June 2004). “Hepatitis B: review of development from the discovery of the "Australia Antigen" to end of the twentieth Century”. The Malaysian Journal of Pathology 26 (1): 1–12. PMID 16190102. 
  88. ^ “Morphological and virological investigations on cultured Burkitt tumor lymphoblasts (strain Raji)”. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 37 (4): 547–59. (October 1966). doi:10.1093/jnci/37.4.547. PMID 4288580. 
  89. ^ Karpas A (November 2004). “Human retroviruses in leukaemia and AIDS: reflections on their discovery, biology and epidemiology”. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 79 (4): 911–33. doi:10.1017/S1464793104006505. PMID 15682876. 
  90. ^ Curtis N (2006). “Viral haemorrhagic fevers caused by Lassa, Ebola and Marburg viruses”. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 582: 35–44. doi:10.1007/0-387-33026-7_4. ISBN 978-0-387-31783-0. PMID 16802617. 
  91. ^ “Ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fever”. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 30 (1): 161–77. (March 2010). doi:10.1016/j.cll.2009.12.001. PMID 20513546. 
  92. ^ Kapikian AZ (May 2000). “The discovery of the 27-nm Norwalk virus: an historic perspective”. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 181 Suppl 2: S295–302. doi:10.1086/315584. PMID 10804141. 
  93. ^ Bishop RF, Cameron DJ, Barnes GL, Holmes IH, Ruck BJ (1976). “The aetiology of diarrhoea in newborn infants”. Ciba Foundation Symposium. Novartis Foundation Symposia (42): 223–36. doi:10.1002/9780470720240.ch13. ISBN 9780470720240. PMID 186236. 
  94. ^ “Taxonomic classification of hepatitis A virus”. Intervirology 20 (1): 1–7. (1983). doi:10.1159/000149367. PMID 6307916. 
  95. ^ Cossart Y (October 1981). “Parvovirus B19 finds a disease”. Lancet 2 (8253): 988–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(81)91185-5. PMID 6117755. 
  96. ^ “Ebola haemorrhagic fever”. Lancet 377 (9768): 849–862. (November 2010). doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60667-8. PMC 3406178. PMID 21084112. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3406178/. 
  97. ^ a b Gallo RC (September 2005). “History of the discoveries of the first human retroviruses: HTLV-1 and HTLV-2”. Oncogene 24 (39): 5926–30. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208980. PMID 16155599. 
  98. ^ Montagnier L (February 2010). “25 years after HIV discovery: prospects for cure and vaccine”. Virology 397 (2): 248–54. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2009.10.045. PMID 20152474. 
  99. ^ “Update on human herpesvirus 6 biology, clinical features, and therapy”. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 18 (1): 217–45. (January 2005). doi:10.1128/CMR.18.1.217-245.2005. PMC 544175. PMID 15653828. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC544175/. 
  100. ^ “Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome”. Science 244 (4902): 359–62. (April 1989). Bibcode1989Sci...244..359C. doi:10.1126/science.2523562. PMID 2523562. 
  101. ^ “Hepatitis E virus: a zoonosis adapting to humans”. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 65 (5): 817–21. (May 2010). doi:10.1093/jac/dkq085. PMID 20335188. 
  102. ^ Frenkel, N.; Schirmer, E. C.; Wyatt, L. S.; Katsafanas, G.; Roffman, E.; Danovich, R. M.; June, C. H. (1990-1). “Isolation of a new herpesvirus from human CD4+ T cells”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 (2): 748–752. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 53343. PMID 2153965. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2153965. 
  103. ^ Wild TF (March 2009). “Henipaviruses: a new family of emerging Paramyxoviruses”. Pathologie-biologie 57 (2): 188–96. doi:10.1016/j.patbio.2008.04.006. PMID 18511217. 
  104. ^ Okamoto H (2009). “History of discoveries and pathogenicity of TT viruses”. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 331: 1–20. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70972-5_1. ISBN 978-3-540-70971-8. PMID 19230554. 


「ウイルス学の歴史」の続きの解説一覧



英和和英テキスト翻訳>> Weblio翻訳
英語⇒日本語日本語⇒英語
  

辞書ショートカット

すべての辞書の索引

「ウイルス学の歴史」の関連用語

ウイルス学の歴史のお隣キーワード
検索ランキング

   

英語⇒日本語
日本語⇒英語
   



ウイルス学の歴史のページの著作権
Weblio 辞書 情報提供元は 参加元一覧 にて確認できます。

   
ウィキペディアウィキペディア
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
この記事は、ウィキペディアのウイルス学の歴史 (改訂履歴)の記事を複製、再配布したものにあたり、GNU Free Documentation Licenseというライセンスの下で提供されています。 Weblio辞書に掲載されているウィキペディアの記事も、全てGNU Free Documentation Licenseの元に提供されております。

©2024 GRAS Group, Inc.RSS