トム・クリーン
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2020/09/01 09:14 UTC 版)
トム・クリーン（英: Tom Crean、1877年7月20日 - 1938年7月27日）は、アイルランドケリー県出身の水兵であり南極探検家である。南極探検の英雄時代にイギリスが行った遠征4回のうち3回に参加しており、特にロバート・ファルコン・スコットが率いた1911年から1913年のテラノバ遠征では、南極点に向けたロアール・アムンセンとの競争になり、それに敗れたスコットとその隊員全員が帰路に死亡して終わった。この遠征のときに、クリーンはロス棚氷の上を一人で35法定マイル (56 km) 歩き、エドワード・エバンスの命を救った。このことで後にアルバート・メダルを受章することになった。
- ^ Smith, Michael, An Unsung Hero: Tom Crean – Antarctic Survivor. Headline Book Publishing, 2000, p. 16
- ^ Smith, p. 16
- ^ Smith, p. 18
- ^ Smith, p. 19
- ^ a b c d e f g h “Registers of Seamen's Services—Image details—Crean, Thomas (until promotion to warrant officer) (fee usually required to view full pdf of service record)”. DocumentsOnline. The National Archives (United Kingdom). 2009年8月13日閲覧。
- ^ Smith, pp. 20–21
- ^ Smith, p. 29
- ^ Smith, p. 31
- ^ The name "Hut Point" was given to mark the location, alongside the ship's anchorage, of the expedition's main storage hut, which was used in later expeditions as a shelter and storage depot. Crane, p. 157
- ^ Smith, pp. 46–47
- ^ Smith, p. 46
- ^ Smith, p. 55
- ^ Crane, pp. 214–15. Modern re-calculations based on photographs have placed this furthest south at 82°11'S (Crane map, p. 215).
- ^ Preston, pp. 67–69
- ^ a b Smith, p. 70
- ^ a b Crean, Royal Navy service record, referenced in Smith, p. 72
- ^ Crane, pp. 394–95
- ^ Preston, p. 101
- ^ Scott, in a letter home dated October 1911 published with his diary, wrote of his admiration for Crean, saying he was "perfectly happy, ready to do anything and go anywhere, the harder the work the better". Huxley, p. 434
- ^ Scott recommended that Crean be promoted to petty officer, first class after the 1901–04 expedition; see Smith, p. 70
- ^ Scott, in a letter to Crean on 23 March 1910, invited Crean to join the expedition. Reprinted in Smith, p. 76
- ^ Apsley Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, Carrol & Graf Publishers, 1922, p. 107
- ^ Cherry-Garrard, p. 147
- ^ Smith, p. 102
- ^ Smith, p. 161
- ^ Huntford (The Last Place on Earth), p. 455
- ^ Scott, Diary, 4 January 1912. Reprinted in Smith, p. 123
- ^ Smith, p. 127
- ^ a b Smith, p. 129
- ^ a b Lashly's diary, quoted in Cherry-Garrard, p. 402
- ^ Lashly diary, quoted in Preston, p. 207
- ^ a b c Preston, pp. 206–08
- ^ a b c Crane, pp. 555–56
- ^ Cherry-Garrard, p. 420
- ^ Smith, p. 140
- ^ Crean, letter to unknown person, 26 February 1912, reprinted in Smith, p. 143
- ^ Smith, p. 168
- ^ Crane, pp. 569–70. Oates and Edgar Evans has perished earlier on the return journey.
- ^ Crean letter to J. Kennedy, January 1913, SPRI, reprinted in Smith, p. 172
- ^ Smith, p. 180
- ^ The London Gazette: no. 28740. p. 5322. 1913年7月25日。2008年12月7日閲覧。
- ^ The London Gazette: no. 28741. pp. 5409–5410. 1913年7月29日。2008年12月7日閲覧。 The Albert Medal was later superseded by the George Cross, and so this rates as one of the highest British awards for gallantry.
- ^ Smith, p. 183
- ^ Huntford, Roland, Shackleton, Carrol & Graf, 2004, p. 477
- ^ Alexander, p. 21
- ^ Smith, p. 190
- ^ Alexander, pp. 29–31
- ^ Shackleton, p. 31
- ^ Alexander, p. 98
- ^ a b Alexander, p. 127
- ^ Smith, p. 226
- ^ Shackleton, p. 147
- ^ Shackleton, p. 158
- ^ Worsley, p. 142
- ^ Alexander, p. 153
- ^ Shackleton, p. 174
- ^ Alexander, p. 150
- ^ Alexander, p. 156
- ^ Worsley, pp. 190–91
- ^ Worsley, p. 213
- ^ Worsley, p. 220
- ^ Admiralty Certificate of Qualification for Warrant Officer, 17 August 1917, referenced in Smith, p. 300
- ^ a b “RN Officer's Service Records—Image details—Crean, Thomas (from promotion to Warrant Officer) (fee usually required to view full pdf of service record)”. DocumentsOnline. The National Archives. 2008年12月8日閲覧。
- ^ Smith, p. 308
- ^ Smith, p. 304
- ^ a b Smith, p. 309
- ^ Smith, p. 306
- ^ Cusack, Jim (2011年11月20日). “Retired gardai to honour RIC”. Irish Independent
- ^ “April 1920”. Dcu.ie (1920年5月7日). 2012年3月5日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2012年8月17日閲覧。
- ^ a b Smith, p. 312
- ^ Interview with his daughter, Mary O'Brien "RTÉ – Charlie Bird on the trail of Tom Crean"
- ^ Smith, p. 314
- ^ Smith, p. 318
- ^ Kennedy 2001.
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