マージョリー・ストーンマン・ダグラスとは

マージョリー・ストーンマン・ダグラス

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2022/10/30 15:23 UTC 版)

マージョリー・ストーンマン・ダグラス（英: Marjory Stoneman Douglas、1890年 4月7日 - 1998年 5月14日）は、アメリカ合衆国ミネソタ州出身のジャーナリスト、著作家、フェミニスト、環境保護主義者である。特にフロリダ州の広大な湿地であるエバーグレーズを、開発のために排水して埋め立てようという動きに対して、頑強にその保護を訴えたことで知られている。若い女性として「マイアミ・ヘラルド」で働くためにマイアミ市に移転し、フリーランス・ライターとなり、100編以上の短編小説を人気ある雑誌に掲載した。その著作の中で最も影響を与えたのは、『エバーグレーズ: 草の川』（1947年出版）であり、エバーグレーズを価値のない沼地の代わりに宝の川だという認識を人々に与えた。その影響力はレイチェル・カーソンの『沈黙の春』（1962年出版）にも譬えられてきた。その著書、短編、ジャーナリストとしての経歴がマイアミでの影響力となり、それを自分の主張のために使った。

脚注

^ ^a ^b Grunwald, p. 204.
^ Basse, Craig (May 14, 1998). "Grande dame of the Everglades." St. Petersburg Times (Florida); p. 1A.
^ Cornwell, Rupert (May 25, 1998). "Obituary: Marjory Stoneman Douglas." The Independent (London); p. 16.
^ ^a ^b Douglas, p. 42.
^ Douglas, p. 31.
^ Duncan, Scott (May 15, 1998). "Marjory, we loved you so." The Miami Herald; Commentary.
^ Davis, p. 95.
^ Douglas, pp. 47, 48.
^ Douglas, p. 50.
^ Davis, p. 100.
^ Douglas, pp. 53–54.
^ Douglas, p. 69.
^ ^a ^b "Marjory Stoneman Douglas."^{[リンク切れ]} Friends of the Everglades website. Retrieved on December 17, 2007.
^ Douglas, pp. 77–78.
^ Douglas, pp. 78–82.
^ Davis, pp. 158–159.
^ Douglas, pp. 86, 89.
^ ^a ^b "Marjory Stoneman Douglas." Newsmakers 1998, Issue 4. Gale Group, 1998.
^ Davis, pp. 161–162.
^ Douglas, p. 103.
^ Douglas, pp. 98–99.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Fichter, Margaria (May 14, 1998). "Pioneering environmentalist Marjory Stoneman Douglas dies at 108." The Miami Herald; Domestic news.
^ Douglas, p. 109.
^ Davis, pp. 241–245.
^ Douglas, pp. 118–119.
^ Douglas, p. 116.
^ Davis, pp. 276–277.
^ Grunwald, p. 182.
^ Douglas, p. 134.
^ ^a ^b Mason, Kathy. "Marjory Stoneman Douglas." The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Volume 5: 1997–1999. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002.
^ Davis, pp. 313–315.
^ Douglas, p. 176.
^ Douglas, p. 183.
^ Muir, Helen (1990) [1953]. Miami, U.S.A. Miami: The Pickering Press, p. 167.
^ Federal Writers' Project (1941). A Guide to Miami and Dade County Including Miami Beach and Coral Gables. New York: Rhode Printing-Publishing Company Retrieved on June 15, 2015.
^ Leposky, Rosalie (1997). "Marjory Stoneman Douglas: A Bibliography." Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Journal of Florida Literature 8 pp. 55–73.
^ Davis, pp. 355–358.
^ Grunwald, p. 205.
^ "Everglades National Park." National Park Service. Retrieved on December 17, 2007.
^ Davis, p. 360.
^ Douglas (1947), pp. 374–375.
^ Hauserman, Julie (October 14, 2007). "Paradise down the drain." St. Petersburg Times (Florida); p. 9L.
^ Buchanan, Edna (March 15, 2003). "Miami advice; If you're wondering why so many people flock to Florida, Edna Buchanan nominates three books to explain its unique allure." The Globe and Mail (Canada); p. D19.
^ Davis, Pamela (July 16, 2001). "Women who made a difference." St. Petersburg Times (Florida); p. 3D.
^ Richey, Warren (September 3, 1997). "Reviving Florida's Fragile 'River of Grass'." Christian Science Monitor; p. 4.
^ McCally, pp. 179–180.
^ Davis, pp. 229–231.
^ ^a ^b Byers, Stephen (January 3, 1999). "The Lives They Lived: Marjory Stoneman Douglas." The New York Times; p. 46. Retrieved on May 2, 2008.
^ ^a ^b ^c Davis, Jack (Summer 2001). "Green Awakening: Social activism and the evolution of Marjory Stoneman Douglas's Environmental Consciousness." The Florida Historical Quarterly, 80 (1), pp. 43–77.
^ "Elizabeth Virrick's work in Coconut Grove's black community: Interview with Marjory Stoneman Douglas." Florida International University. June 16, 1983. Retrieved on January 5, 2008. Douglas claims in this oral history that the Committee served in the early 1920s. However, according to the websites of Coconut Grove Cares—an updated name for the organization—and the Junior League of Miami Archived 2008年11月22日, at the Wayback Machine., the Committee did not begin its service until 1948.
^ Grunwald, pp. 257–258.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Davis, Jack (January 2003). "'Conservation is now a dead word': Marjory Stoneman Douglas and the transformation of American environmentalism." Environmental History 8 (1) pp. 53–76.
^ Davis, p. 513.
^ "Pollution caused by growing sugar in Florida." Lecture by Marjory Stoneman Douglas in Fort Lauderdale, Florida International University. May 6, 1983. Retrieved on January 28, 2008.
^ "Damages caused by the Army Corps of Engineers and Big Sugar." Lecture by Marjory Stoneman Douglas in Fort Lauderdale", Florida International University. May 6, 1983. Retrieved on January 26, 2008.
^ Grunwald, p. 241.
^ Grunwald, pp. 241, 243.
^ Hauserman, Julie (April 19, 1999). "Leaving an environmental hot seat." St. Petersburg Times (Florida); p. 1B.
^ Davis, p. 533.
^ Douglas, p. 232.
^ Long, Theodora. "Housed in a hot dog stand." Marjory Stoneman Douglas Biscayne Nature Center. Retrieved on December 20, 2007.
^ ^a ^b "The Helen Muir Collection." University of Miami Library Special Collections. Retrieved on November 30, 2014.
^ Douglas, p. 37.
^ Douglas, pp. 56–57.
^ Douglas, p. 167.
^ Douglas, p. 188.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Klinkenberg, Jeff (August 21, 2006). "Conserving the conservationist." St. Petersburg Times (Florida); p. 1E.
^ Klinkenberg, Jeff. "Though expected, the loss of a hero still stings." St. Petersburg Times (Florida); p. 6A.
^ Muir, Helen (2004). Baby Grace Sees the Cow: A Memoir. The Prologue Society (Miami).
^ Douglas, pp. 16, 17.
^ Douglas, p. 85.
^ Douglas, p. 128.
^ Davis, pp. 553–554.
^ "Grand Canyon Advocate Receives National Parks Award" Archived 2008年7月3日, at the Wayback Machine. (Press release). National Parks Conservation Association. October 31, 2005. Retrieved on December 17, 2007.
^ Davis, p. 572.
^ Davis, pp. 572–574.
^ "Marjory Stoneman Douglas." National Women's Hall of Fame website. Retrieved on December 17, 2007.
^ Douglas, p. 23.
^ Davis, p. 556.
^ McCarthy, Kevin (1998). "Introduction". A River in Flood. University Press of Florida.
^ Watson, Tracy. (May 15, 1988). "Douglas, Everglades' lifesaver, dies at 108 'River of Grass' spoke for marshes." USA Today; p. 8A.
^ Hiaasen, Carl (May 18, 1998). "A fierce advocate for the Everglades." The Miami Herald; Commentary.
^ National Wildlife Federation (2007). "Marjory Stoneman Douglas." Conservation Hall of Fame website. Retrieved on December 17, 2007.
^ Howard, Jennifer (May 16, 1999). "Websighting: Marjory Stoneman Douglas." The Washington Post; p. X05.
^ Severo, Richard (May 15, 1998). "Marjory Douglas, Champion Of Everglades, Dies at 108." The New York Times; p. 23. Retrieved on May 2, 2008.
^ Fleming, John (November 19, 2000). "The cry of the Everglades." St. Petersburg Times (Florida); South Pinellas Edition, p. 10F.
^ 2018年2月に乱射事件が起きた
^ City of Miami (1995). "Marjory Stoneman Douglas House Designation Report" (PDF). Retrieved on January 5, 2008.
^ Smiley, David (September 2, 2007). "Douglas' next-door property now at issue." The Miami Herald; State and Regional News.
^ Editorial (June 2, 2007). "Local Perspectives." The Miami Herald; p. 20A.
^ Slayton, April (April 22, 2015). "Marjory Stoneman Douglas House Named a National Historic Landmark" (Press release). U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. Retrieved on April 30, 2015.

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