ナチス・ドイツの反タバコ運動
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/01/15 22:28 UTC 版)
ナチス・ドイツの反タバコ運動（ナチス・ドイツのはんタバコうんどう）とは、ドイツ人医師が初めて喫煙と肺癌との関連性を確認して以降[1][2]、現代医学に準ずる研究として十分に認められるやり方でタバコの害を発見したことを受けてナチス・ドイツ政権が喫煙に対する反対運動[3]を開始したものである。
注釈
出典
- ^ “Krebeserzeugende Tabakwirkung” (PDF). 2009年5月31日閲覧。
- ^ Franz H. Müller; Schairer & Schöniger
- ^ a b c Young 2005, p. 252
- ^ a b Szollosi-Janze 2001, p. 15
- ^ a b Richard Doll (June 1998), “Uncovering the effects of smoking: historical perspective”, Statistical Methods in Medical Research 7 (2): 87–117, doi:10.1191/096228098668199908, PMID 9654637 2008年6月1日閲覧, "Societies were formed to discourage smoking at the beginning of the century in several countries, but they had little success except in Germany where they were officially supported by the government after the Nazis seized power. Efforts outside of Germany were hampered by the backlash against NAZI Germany who's anti-Semitic ideology alienated other European countries as well as most of the rest of the world."
- ^ Borio, Gene (1993-2003), Tobacco Timeline: The Twentieth Century 1900-1949--The Rise of the Cigarette, Tobacco.org 2008年11月15日閲覧。
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Robert N. Proctor, Pennsylvania State University (December 1996), “The anti-tobacco campaign of the Nazis: a little known aspect of public health in Germany, 1933-45”, British Medical Journal 313 (7070): 1450–3, PMC 2352989, PMID 8973234 2008年6月1日閲覧。
- ^ Bynum et al. 2006, p. 375
- ^ a b Proctor, Robert N. (1996), Nazi Medicine and Public Health Policy, Dimensions, Anti-Defamation League 2008年6月1日閲覧。
- ^ Clark, Briggs & Cooke 2005, pp. 1373–74
- ^ a b c d e Proctor 1999, p. 219
- ^ a b c d George Davey Smith (December 2004), “Lifestyle, health, and health promotion in Nazi Germany”, BMJ 329 (7480): 1424–5, doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7480.1424, PMC 535959, PMID 15604167 2008年7月1日閲覧。
- ^ a b Gilman & Zhou 2004, p. 328
- ^ a b c d e Proctor 1999, p. 228
- ^ a b c d e f Clark, Briggs & Cooke 2005, p. 1374
- ^ Proctor, Robert (1997), “The Nazi War on Tobacco: Ideology, Evidence, and Possible Cancer Consequences” (PDF), Bulletin of the History of Medicine 71 (3): 435–88, doi:10.1353/bhm.1997.0139, PMID 9302840, オリジナルの2008年10月14日時点におけるアーカイブ。 2008年7月22日閲覧, "The first German antitobacco organization was established in 1904 (the short-lived Deutscher Tabakgegnerverein zum Schutze für Nichtraucher); this was followed by a Bund Deutscher Tabakgegner based in the town of Trautenau, in Bohemia (1910), and similar associations in Hanover and Dresden (both founded in 1912). When Czechoslovakia was severed from Austria after the First World War, a Bund Deutscher Tabakgegner in der Tschechoslowakei was established in Prague (1920); that same year in Graz a Bund Deutscher Tabakgegner in Deutschösterreich was founded."
- ^ Proctor 1999, p. 177
- ^ Proctor 1999, p. 178
- ^ a b c Proctor 1999, p. 173
- ^ Tillman 2004, p. 119
- ^ a b Proctor 1999, p. 187
- ^ Anders Dahlström, Christina Ebersjö, Bo Lundell (August 2008), “Nicotine in breast milk influences heart rate variability in the infant”, Acta Pædiatrica 97 (8): 1075–1079, doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00785.x, PMID 18498428 2008年11月15日閲覧。
- ^ M Pellegrini, E Marchei, S Rossi, F Vagnarelli, A Durgbanshi, O García-Algar, O Vall, S Pichini (2007), “Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry assay for determination of nicotine and metabolites, caffeine and arecoline in breast milk”, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 21 (16): 2693–2703, doi:10.1002/rcm.3137, PMID 17640086
- ^ Julie A. Mennella, Lauren M. Yourshaw, and Lindsay K. Morgan (September 2007), “Breastfeeding and Smoking: Short-term Effects on Infant Feeding and Sleep”, Pediatrics 120 (3): 497–502, doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0488, PMID 17766521 2008年11月15日閲覧。
- ^ Kenneth F. Ilett, Thomas W. Hale, Madhu Page-Sharp, Judith H. Kristensen, Rolland Kohan, L.Peter Hackett (December 2003), “Use of nicotine patches in breast-feeding mothers: transfer of nicotine and cotinine into human milk”, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 74 (6): 516–524, doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2003.08.003, PMID 14663454 2008年11月17日閲覧。
- ^ Proctor 1999, p. 189
- ^ a b Johan P. Mackenbach (June 2005), “Odol, Autobahne and a non-smoking Führer: Reflections on the innocence of public health”, International Journal of Epidemiology 34 (3): 537–9, doi:10.1093/ije/dyi039, PMID 15746205 2008年6月1日閲覧。
- ^ Schaler 2004, p. 155
- ^ a b c d e f g h Coombs & Holladay 2006, p. 98
- ^ a b Proctor 1999, p. 207
- ^ Proctor 1999, p. 191
- ^ Proctor 1999, p. 194
- ^ a b c d George Davey Smith, Sabine A Strobele, Matthias Egger (June 1994), “Smoking and health promotion in Nazi Germany” (PDF), Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 48 (3): 220–3, doi:10.1136/jech.48.3.220, PMID 8051518 2008年7月21日閲覧。
- ^ Berridge 2007, p. 13
- ^ Proctor 1999, p. 199
- ^ a b Robert N. Proctor (February 2001), “Commentary: Schairer and Schöniger's forgotten tobacco epidemiology and the Nazi quest for racial purity”, International Journal of Epidemiology 30: 31–34, doi:10.1093/ije/30.1.31 2008年8月24日閲覧。
- ^ George Davey Smith, Sabine Strobele and Matthias Egger (February 1995), “Smoking and death. Public health measures were taken more than 40 years ago”, BMJ 310 (6976): 396, PMID 7866221 2008年6月1日閲覧。
- ^ a b c d Proctor 1999, p. 203
- ^ a b Daunton & Hilton 2001, p. 169
- ^ a b Guenther 2004, p. 108
- ^ Uekoetter 2006, p. 206
- ^ Proctor 1999, p. 204
- ^ Proctor 1999, p. 206
- ^ Meyer 2005, p. 13
- ^ Lee 1975
- ^ Bachinger E, McKee M, Gilmore A (May 2008), “Tobacco policies in Nazi Germany: not as simple as it seems”, Public Health 122 (5): 497–505, doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2007.08.005, PMID 18222506
- ^ a b c Proctor 1999, p. 174
- ^ Proctor 1999, p. 220
- ^ a b Proctor 1999, p. 179
- ^ Proctor 1999, p. 208
- ^ 児島襄『第二次世界大戦 ヒトラーの戦い』 第10巻、文藝春秋、1993年、456頁。ISBN 4-16-714145-0。
- ^ a b Proctor 1999, p. 245
[続きの解説]
「ナチス・ドイツの反タバコ運動」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 ナチス・ドイツの反タバコ運動とは
- 2 ナチス・ドイツの反タバコ運動の概要
- 3 研究
- 4 方策
- 5 有効性
- 6 反ユダヤ主義および人種差別主義との関連
- 7 参考文献
- 8 関連書籍
- 9 関連項目
- ナチス・ドイツの反タバコ運動のページへのリンク
