Medial Prefrontal Cortex (rodent)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2018/01/28 06:52 UTC 版)
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Medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC) is the medial part the prefrontal cortex which is the anterior part of frontal lobe. mPFC is divided into cingulate cortex (Cg), prelimbic cortex (PL), and infralimbic cortex (IL) subdivisions. mPFC has an important role for decision making, [1] emotional regulation.
Projection Specific Role
Prefrontal projection neurons innervate subcortical structures that contribute to reward-seeking behaviors, such as the ventral striatum and midline thalamus and anxiety or fear related behavior, such as amygdala. I will summarize the mPFC projection specific function.
dmPFC→NAc
In Pavlovian conditioning, after learning, but not before learning, dmPFC→NAc(dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex→Nucleus Accumbens) neurons primarily displayed excitation to the CS+(conditioned stimulus which predicts a reward), whereas fewer neurons responded to the CS−. mPFC→NAc neurons are necessary for expression conditioned reward seeking.[2]
dmPFC→PVT
In Pavlovian conditioning, after learning, but not before learning, dmPFC→PVT(dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex→Paraventricular Thalamus) neurons primarily displayed inhibition to the CS+(conditioned stimulus which predicts a reward), whereas fewer neurons responded to the CS−. mPFC→PVT neurons are nessesory for acquisition of conditioned reward seeking.[2]
mPFC→NAc
Significantly more projections from behaviorally activated mPFC neurons were observed targeting the NAc in cocaine-exposed animals compared to shock-exposed animals.[3]
mPFC→NAc (medial Prefrontal Cortex→Nucleus Accumbens) but not mPFC→VTA cells are suppressed prior to reward seeking with punishment. mPFC→NAc shock responsive neurons encode restraint of reward seeking. Optogenetic stimulation of mPFC→NAc projections does not suppress reward seeking. mPFC→NAc population dynamics predict individual reward-seeking or suppression decisions. Optogenetic recruitment of shock-labeled mPFC→NAc projections reduces reward seeking.[4]
mPFC→LHb
Significantly more projections from behaviorally activated mPFC neurons were observed targeting the LHb in shock-exposed animals compared to cocaine-exposed animals.[3]
PL→NAc
Continuous activation of PL-NAc(Prelimbic cortex→Nucleus Accumbens) , but not PL-Amyg or PL-VTA, decreases social preference. PL-NAc neurons encode a conjunction of social and spatial information.[5]
AC→CA
AC→CA(Anterior Cingulate→Hippocampus) neurons are necessary for fear memory retrieval, which is demonstrated by optogenetic experiment.[6]
vmPFC→Amy
Activating vmPFC→Amy(ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex→Amygdala) neurons decreases anxiety and enhance the effect of fear extinction learning. [7]
vmPFC→BMA
Activating vmPFC→BMA(Basomedial Amygdala) neurons decrease anxiety and fear.[7]
dmPFC→Amy
Activating dmPFC→Amy(dorsmedial Prefrontal Cortex→Amygdala) neurons inhibit the effect of fear extinction learning.[7]
D1+ mPFC→mBLA
Optogenetic activation of D1+ mPFC→mBLA (Dopamine receptor 1 positive neuron in medial prefrontal cortex→medial basolateral nuclei of amygdala) neuron increase food intake.
Neuronal Subtype Specific Role
SOM+ interneurons in dmPFC
Optogenetic activation of somatostatin positive neuron in dmPFC impairs the performance of a delayed Go vs. No-Go auditory task and inhibition of these neuron improves task performance.
PV+ interneurons in dmPFC
Optogenetic activation of parvalbumin positive neuron in dmPFC impairs task performance of a delayed Go vs. No-Go auditory task and inhibition of these neuron improves task performance.
Firing of distinct dmPFC interneurons(a part of PV+ interneurons) oppositely correlates with fear expression. PV+ interneuron in dmPFC is necessary and sufficient to decrease fear. PV+ interneurons in dmPFC mediate disinhibitory effect of conditioned stimuli which predict shock on principal neuron. Principal neurons disinhibited during CS+ presentations preferentially targeted the BLA.
VIP+ interneurons in dmPFC
VIP interneurons in dmPFC are necessary and sufficient to improve task performance of delayed Go vs. No-Go auditory task, which is demonstrated by optogenetic experiment.
D1+ neurons in mPFC
D1+ neurons in mPFC are necessary and sufficient to induce food intake, which is demonstrated by optogenetic experiment. D1+ neurons in mPFC project to and activate mBLA(medial basolateral nuclei of amygdala).
Refference
- ^ David R. Euston, Aaron J. Gruber, and Bruce L. McNaughton The Role of Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Memory and Decision Making. Neuron (2012)
- ^ a b James M. Otis, Garret D. Stuber et al. Prefrontal cortex output circuits guide reward seeking through divergent cue encoding. Nature (2017)
- ^ a b Karl Deisseroth et al. Wiring and Molecular Features of Prefrontal Ensembles Representing Distinct Experiences. Cell (2016)
- ^ Karl Deisseroth et al. Molecular and Circuit-Dynamical Identification of Top-Down Neural Mechanisms for Restraint of Reward Seeking. Cell (2017)
- ^ Ilana B. Witten et al. Combined Social and Spatial Coding in a Descending Projection from the Prefrontal Cortex. Cell (2017)
- ^ Karl Deisseroth et al. Projections from neocortex mediate top-down control of memory retrieval. Nature (2015)
- ^ a b c Karl Deisseroth et al. Basomedial amygdala mediates top-down control of anxiety and fear. Nature (2015)
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