bicycle helmetとは？ わかりやすく解説

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ウィキペディア
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ヘルメット (自転車)

(bicycle helmet から転送)

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/02/09 01:35 UTC 版)

自転車用ヘルメット（じてんしゃようヘルメット）は、自転車乗車中の転倒時に頭部への衝撃を弱めるために着用するヘルメット。設計上、視野をなるべく遮らないようにすることなどが考慮されている[1]。


参考文献
  1. ^ 米国消費者製品安全委員会（Consumer Product Safety Commission＝CPSC）. “Safety Standard for Bicycle Helmets;Final Rule（自転車用ヘルメットの安全基準）” (PDF) (英語). Final Rule 16 CFR Part 1203. 2006年9月24日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年1月4日閲覧。
  2. ^ “Cycle Helmets - A Review of Their Efficacy - Research database - Department for Transport”. web.archive.org (2012年3月1日). 2020年1月25日閲覧。
  3. ^ Goldacre, Ben; Spiegelhalter, David (2013-06-12). “Bicycle helmets and the law” (英語). BMJ 346. doi:10.1136/bmj.f3817. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 23760970. https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f3817. 
  4. ^ “道路交通法の一部を改正する法律”. 衆議院 (2007年6月20日). 2020年1月25日閲覧。
  5. ^ “自転車用ヘルメットの着用”. 警視庁 (2023年1月13日). 2023年3月6日閲覧。
  6. ^ “BS EN 1078:1997: Helmets for pedal cyclists and for users of skateboards and roller skates”. BSi. 2019年1月4日閲覧。
  7. ^ Gibson T, Cheung A (2004年1月1日). “CR 220: Assessing the level of safety provided by the Snell B95 standard for bicycle helmets” (英語). 2006年5月21日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年1月4日閲覧。
  8. ^ a b Brian Walker (June/July 2005). “Heads Up”. Cycle (magazine of CTC): 42-45. 
  9. ^ e. g. Vulcan, A.P., Cameron, M.H. & Watson, W.L., "Mandatory Bicycle Helmet Use: Experience in Victoria, Australia", World Journal of Surgery, Vol.16, No.3, (May/June 1992), pp. 389-397.
  10. ^ Brian Walker, of helmet-testing lab Head Protection Evaluations. Heads Up. Cycle magazine, June/July 2005, pages 42-45:"Cycle helmets protect the head by reducing the rate at which the skull and brain would be accelerated or decelerated by an impact."
  11. ^ Jim G Sundahl, Senior Engineer, Bell Sports. 19th January 1998. Letter to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, c/o Scott Heh, Project Manager Directorate for Engineering Sciences Washington, D. C, 20207 “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2008年9月20日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年2月18日閲覧。 (Errors as in original.) "any number of liner materials could absorb energy better than contemporary helmet liners but in fact produce a very poor helmet, A couple of good energy managers are soft lead sheet and modeling clay. impacting either of these produces negligible rebound velocity. In other words, they absorb .virtually ail of the impact energy. None of us are advocating these materials for helmet liners because energy absorption is not very important for helmets. I think that any discussion of helmet test criteria that includes the word “energy’ is suspect and might be misleading. Acceleration management is what helmets are about. All helmet standards measure acceleration and enforce a pass/fail criteria that includes a maximum acceleration rate...”
  12. ^ [1] Requirements for Bicycle Helmets 16 C.F.R. Part 1203
  13. ^ U.S. CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION Office of Compliance. Requirements for Bicycle Helmets 16 C.F.R. Part 1203 [2]
  14. ^ Jim G Sundahl, Senior Engineer, Bell Sports. 19th January 1998. Letter to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, c/o Scott Heh, Project Manager Directorate for Engineering Sciences Washington, D. C, 20207 [3] accessed 18th February 2008.
  15. ^ a b DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT, FEDERAL OFFICE OF ROAD SAFETY. Report No. CR 55 Date May, 1987 Pages 160 f xi ISBN 0 642 510 431 ISSN CR = 0810-770 Title: MOTORCYCLE AND BICYCLE PROTECTIVE HELMETS: REQUIREMENTS RESULTING FROM A POST CRASH STUDY AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH. Authors: J.P. Corner, C.W. Whitney, N. O'Rourke, D.E. Morgan CR 55: Motorcycle and bicycle protective helmets requirements resulting from a post crash study and experimental research (1987) [4]
  16. ^ Jim G Sundahl, Senior Engineer, Bell Sports. 19th January 1998. Letter to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, c/o Scott Heh, Project Manager Directorate for Engineering Sciences Washington, D. C, 20207 “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2008年9月20日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年2月18日閲覧。 accessed 18th February 2008.
  17. ^ Radio Australia. Innovations. Cone-Head Helmet. A helmet designed to reduce motorcycle fatalities and injuries. Transcript 4th February 2008. Contact: Don Morgan 33 Kingsley Parade, Yeronga, QLD 4104 Email: donmorgan@optusnet.com.au [5]
  18. ^ Graham-Rowe, Duncan (2001年2月13日). “Soft hat”. New Scientist. 2008年5月1日閲覧。
  19. ^ Phillips Helmets Ltd - inventors of the Phillips Head Protection System [6]
  20. ^ Bicycle Helmet Assessment During Well Visits Reveals Severe Shortcomings in Condition and Fit. Parkinson GW and Hike KE(2003) PEDIATRICS Vol. 112 No. 2 pages 320-323
  21. ^ Rivara et al. (1999) Injury Prevention 5: 194-197
  22. ^ Death of cyclist Andrei Kivilev: declaration by the International Cycling Union
  23. ^ "Mandatory wear of helmets for the elite category" (Press release). Union Cycliste Internationale. 2 May 2003. 2008年5月1日閲覧。
  24. ^ “Article 1.3.031” (PDF). Union Cycliste Internationale (2003年5月2日). 2008年5月1日閲覧。
  25. ^ 自転車競走実施規則 第50条
  26. ^ “頭部の保護が重要です ～自転車用ヘルメットと頭部保護帽～”. 警察庁. 2023年5月7日閲覧。
  27. ^ Martin Dawes, Bob Phillips; Chris Ball, Dave Sackett, Doug Badenoch, Sharon Straus, Brian Haynes, (2001年5月). “Levels of Evidence”. Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. 2007年9月7日閲覧。
  28. ^ CTC position paper on helmets
  29. ^ a b Robinson DL (2006-03-25). “No clear evidence from countries that have enforced the wearing of helmets”. BMJ 332: 722-725. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7543.722-a. PMID 16565131. http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/332/7543/722-a 2007年8月30日閲覧。. 
  30. ^ [7] Rapid Responses to D L Robinson
  31. ^ a b [8] BMJ 2006;332:725-726, doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7543.725 Arguments against helmet legislation are flawed. Hagel B, Macpherson A, Rivara FP, Pless B.
  32. ^ [9] Rapid Responses to Brent Hagel, Alison Macpherson, Frederick P Rivara, and Barry Pless
  33. ^ a b [10] Macpherson A, Spinks A. Bicycle helmet legislation for the uptake of helmet use and prevention of head injuries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD005401. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005401.pub2
  34. ^ a b Reducing Bicycle Accidents: A Reevaluation of the Impacts of the CPSC Bicycle Standard and Helmet Use Rodgers GB. 1988. Journal of Products Liability: 1988,11:307-317
  35. ^ a b ‘A prospective analysis of injury severity among helmeted and non helmeted bicyclists involved in collisions with motor vehicles’. Spaite, D. W., Murphy, M., Criss, E. A., Valenzuela, T. D. and Meislin, H. W. 1991. Journal of Trauma: 1991 Nov;31(11):1510-6
  36. ^ Trends in cycle injury in New Zealand under voluntary helmet use Scuffham PA, Langley JD. 1997. Accident Analysis and Prevention: 1997 Jan;29(1):1-9
  37. ^ Head injuries to bicyclists and the New Zealand bicycle helmet law, Scuffham P, Alsop J, Cryer C, Langley JD. 2000. Accident Analysis and Prevention: 2000 Jul;32(4):565-73
  38. ^ New Zealand bicycle helmet law-do the costs outweigh the benefits? Taylor M, Scuffham P. 2002. Injury Prevention: 2002;8:317-320
  39. ^ Martin Dawes, Bob Phillips; Chris Ball, Dave Sackett, Doug Badenoch, Sharon Straus, Brian Haynes, (2001年5月). “Levels of Evidence”. Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. 2007年9月7日閲覧。
  40. ^ Objective observation of helmet use is essential. British Medical Journal
  41. ^ [11] Thompson DC, Rivara FP, Thompson R. Helmets for preventing head and facial injuries in bicyclists. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1999, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD001855. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001855.
  42. ^ “Commentary: A case-control study of the effectiveness of bicycle safety helmets”. Bicycle Helmet Research Foundation. 2007年8月25日閲覧。
  43. ^ a b DiGuiseppi CG, Rivara FP, Koepsell TD, Polissar L. Bicycle helmet use by children. Evaluation of a community-wide helmet campaign. Journal of the American Medical Association 1989;262:2256-61.
  44. ^ “A prospective analysis of injury severity among helmeted and non helmeted bicyclists involved in collisions with motor vehicles”. BHRF (unknown). 2007年8月28日閲覧。
  45. ^ FT McDermott & GL Klug. Head injury predominance: Pedal cyclists vs motorcyclists. MJA, Vol 143, pp.232-234, 1985
  46. ^ The Twit in the Hat. Marcus Farley. What Mountain Bike Blog. Thursday, Feb 7, 2008. [12]
  47. ^ Improved Shock Absorbing Liner for Helmets. Morgan D.E., Szabo L.S. July 2001. Australian Transport Safety Bureau. "In an impact situation involving a motorcycle or bicycle helmet, cracking through the thickness of the foam liner (slabcracking) is undesirable as it renders the foam liner of the helmet useless in its ability to further absorb an impact force. As a result the foam is unable to distribute the focal impact over a larger area and to decelerate the blow at the point of impact... The majority of cracking displayed by samples was in the shape of an arc outlining the spherical headform on impact. Arc-cracking has minimal effect, as it is part of the crushing process. However, cracks developing partly or fully through the thickness of the foam-slab renders it useless in crushing and absorbing impact forces."
  48. ^ [13] Komanoff (2001) Injury Prevention 7:343-344
  49. ^ Robinson (1996) Accident Analysis and Prevention 28:463-475
  50. ^ [14] Andersen LB, Schnohr P, Schroll M, Hein HO. All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports, and cycling to work. Arch Intern Med 2000 Jun 12;160(11):1621-8.
  51. ^ [15]Estimates of Fatal Risk
  52. ^ “THINK! Cycle safety”. Homepage. Department of Transport. 2007年8月24日閲覧。
  53. ^ “New government helmet promotion could sound the death knell for the future of cycling”. Cycling North Wales. 2007年8月24日閲覧。
  54. ^ McGuinness, Lorraine; Stevens, Irene; Milligan, Ian (November 2007), Playing It Safe? a study of the regulation of outdoor play for children and young people in residential care, Scotland's Commissioner for Children and Young People, http://www.sccyp.org.uk/admin/04policy/files/spo_264931Playing%20it%20Safe_SCCYP%20200711.pdf 2008年5月1日閲覧。 
  55. ^ [16] Safety in numbers: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling. Jacobsen PL. Injury Prevention 2003;9:205-209
  56. ^ M. Wardlaw (December 2002). “Assessing the actual risks faced by cyclists”. Traffic Engineering & Control 43: 352-356. http://www.cyclinginstructor.com/cyclinginstructor.nsf/($Category1)/E0A4E09F5D74812F80257177004D9A87/$FILE/c2014.pdf?OpenElement. 
  57. ^ Risk. John Adams, 1995, Routledge, ISBN 1-85728-068-7 (Authoritative reference on risk compensation theory.)
  58. ^ Death on the Streets: Cars and the mythology of road safety, Davis, 1993, ISBN 0-948135-46-8
  59. ^ O'Neill, Brian; Williams, Allan (1998-06-01). “Risk homeostasis hypothesis: a rebuttal” (英語). Injury Prevention 4 (2): 92–93. doi:10.1136/ip.4.2.92. ISSN 1353-8047. PMC 1730350. PMID 9666359. https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/4/2/92. 
  60. ^ Lardelli-Claret, P.; Luna-del-Castillo, J. de Dios; Jiménez-Moleón, J. J.; García-Martín, M.; Bueno-Cavanillas, A.; Gálvez-Vargas, R. (2003-06-01). “Risk compensation theory and voluntary helmet use by cyclists in Spain” (英語). Injury Prevention 9 (2): 128–132. doi:10.1136/ip.9.2.128. ISSN 1353-8047. PMC 1730952. PMID 12810738. https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/9/2/128. 
  61. ^ Phillips, Ross Owen; Fyhri, Aslak; Sagberg, Fridulv (2011). “Risk Compensation and Bicycle Helmets” (英語). Risk Analysis 31 (8): 1187–1195. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01589.x. ISSN 1539-6924. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01589.x. 
  62. ^ Morrongiello, Barbara A.; Walpole, Beverly; Lasenby, Jennifer (2007-05-01). “Understanding children's injury-risk behavior: Wearing safety gear can lead to increased risk taking” (英語). Accident Analysis & Prevention 39 (3): 618–623. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2006.10.006. ISSN 0001-4575. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457506001825. 
  63. ^ Morrongiello, B. A.; Major, K. (2002-03-01). “Influence of safety gear on parental perceptions of injury risk and tolerance for children's risk taking” (英語). Injury Prevention 8 (1): 27–31. doi:10.1136/ip.8.1.27. ISSN 1353-8047. PMC 1730819. PMID 11928969. https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/8/1/27. 
  64. ^ Mok, D.; Gore, G.; Hagel, B.; Mok, E.; Magdalinos, H.; Pless, B. (2004-05-01). “Risk compensation in children's activities: A pilot study” (英語). Paediatrics & Child Health 9 (5): 327–330. doi:10.1093/pch/9.5.327. ISSN 1205-7088. PMC 2721187. PMID 19657519. https://academic.oup.com/pch/article/9/5/327/2655968. 
  65. ^ Walker, Ian (2007-03-01). “Drivers overtaking bicyclists: Objective data on the effects of riding position, helmet use, vehicle type and apparent gender” (英語). Accident Analysis & Prevention 39 (2): 417–425. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2006.08.010. ISSN 0001-4575. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457506001540. 
  66. ^ What is rotational injury? Phillips Helmets Ltd. [17]
  67. ^ The efficacy of bicycle helmets against brain injury, Curnow WJ. 2003. Accident Analysis and Prevention: 2003,35:287-292
  68. ^ DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT, FEDERAL OFFICE OF ROAD SAFETY. Report No. CR 55 Date May, 1987 Pages 160 f xi ISBN 0 642 510 431 ISSN CR = 0810-770 Title: MOTORCYCLE AND BICYCLE PROTECTIVE HELMETS: REQUIREMENTS RESULTING FROM A POST CRASH STUDY AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH. Authors: J.P. Corner, C.W. Whitney, N. O'Rourke, D.E. Morgan CR 55: Motorcycle and bicycle protective helmets requirements resulting from a post crash study and experimental research (1987) [18]
  69. ^ Valerie Zehl. After son's accident, family learns to find joy. Press and Sun-Bulletin, Greater Binghamton, New York. January 28, 2008. [19]
  70. ^ U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Wear Bike Helmets On Bicycles - Not On Playgrounds. CPSC Document #5121.
  71. ^ Child deaths from helmet use
  72. ^ “Ambulance staff cleared over toddler's death”. ABC News (Australia). (2004年5月7日). http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2004/05/07/1103511.htm 2008年5月1日閲覧。 
  73. ^ Sam Riches, Police Reporter (2007年4月5日). “Helmet strangles boy, 3.”. The Advertiser, Adelaide, South Australia. http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/story/0,22606,21510562-5006301,00.htm 
  74. ^ Perry, Nigel (1996年). “Notes on the 3rd International Conference on Injury Prevention and Control” (英語). 2019年1月4日閲覧。 “We knew we'd killed, but didn't know we had saved anybody.”
  75. ^ Reducing bicycle accidents: A reevaluation of the impacts of the CPSC bicycle standard and helmet use. Rodgers, GB. J. Product Liability. Vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 307-317. 1988.
  76. ^ Trends in serious head injuries among English cyclists and pedestrians, Injury Prevention 2003; 9: 266-267 and responses
  77. ^ Bicycle helmets - a review of their effectiveness: a critical review of the literature Towner E, Dowswell T, Burkes M, Dickinson H, Towner J, Hayes M. 2002. Department for Transport: Road Safety Research Report 30
  78. ^ “Commentary: Road Safety Research Report No 30”. Bicycle Helmet Research Foundation. 2007年8月25日閲覧。
  79. ^ The Cochrane Collaboration and bicycle helmets Curnow WJ. 2005. Accident Analysis & Prevention: 2005;37(3):569-573
  80. ^ “World Health Organization Helmet Initiative, Bicycle Helmet Resource Center”. World Health Organization. 2007年8月25日閲覧。
  81. ^ AMA
  82. ^ Protect Yourself... Wear a Helmet! - NSC
  83. ^ “LAB Helmet Law Position”. League of American Wheelmen (1991年5月). 2007年9月6日閲覧。
  84. ^ “BMA votes for cycle helmet compulsion (with debate transcript)”. BikeBiz (2005年6月30日). 2007年8月24日閲覧。
  85. ^ “Legislation for the compulsory wearing of cycle helmets”. BMA (2004年11月). 2007年9月26日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年8月24日閲覧。
  86. ^ John Forester, M.S., P.E. (2004年). “Effective Cycling Instructor's Manual—Fifth Edition” (PDF). 2007年8月24日閲覧。
  87. ^ [20] A Chain Reaction. The Guardian, Nov. 2nd, 2002.
  88. ^ a b Hillman, M.. 1993. Cycle Helmets: the case for and against, Policy Studies Institute.
  89. ^ [21] M. Hillman: "Keep your head". Letter to New Scientist, 2nd September 2002, p. 50.
  90. ^ Cyclecraft: Skilled Cycling Techniques for Adults. Franklin J. Stationery Office Books; 4th Ed edition 2007. ISBN 978-0-11-703740-3
  91. ^ a b Improving Bicycle Safety—Without making helmet-use compulsory, European Cyclists' Federation 1998
  92. ^ “Helmets CTC policy”. Cyclists Touring Club. 2007年8月31日閲覧。
  93. ^ “CTC Policy Handbook”. CTC (2004年3月). 2011年5月19日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年1月4日閲覧。
  94. ^ Letter from David Jamieson, MP, minister of state for transport, to Michael Jack, MP
  95. ^ a b “Reduction in child fatalities from helmet use: a best case scenario” (英語). Homepage. National Children's Bureau (2005年12月). 2019年1月4日閲覧。 “The 2004 BMA statement announcing its decision to support compulsory cycle helmets shows how the uncritical use of accident statistics can lead to poor conclusions.”
  96. ^ “Injury-Control Recommendations: Bicycle Helmets”. Centers for Disease control and Prevention (1995年2月17日). 2007年9月27日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年7月27日閲覧。
  97. ^ Richard Ballantine (1972). Richard's Bicycle Book. Ballantine Press 
  98. ^ “LAB Helmet Law Position”. League of American Bicyclists (1991年5月). 2007年8月24日閲覧。
  99. ^ “SWOV Fact sheet: Cyclists”. NL Institute for Road Safety Research (SWOV). 2008年6月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年1月4日閲覧。
  100. ^ Pucher and Buehler (2007-11-12). "Making Cycling Irresistible: Lessons from the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany". オリジナルの2014年11月17日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20141117082916/http://www.policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher/Irresistible.pdf. 
  101. ^ Davis RM, Pless B. (1996-05-18). “Letters: Evidence shows that cyclists should wear helmets”. BMJ 312: 1310. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/313/7057/629/a. 
  102. ^ “IP Editorial Board”. Injury Prevention. 2008年5月1日閲覧。
  103. ^ I B Pless (2007). “A chronology of failed advocacy and frustration”. Injury Prevention 13: 73-74. doi:10.1136/ip.2007.015776. PMID 17446243. http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/13/2/73. 
  104. ^ I B Pless (2006). “Are Editors free from bias? The special case of Letters to the Editor”. Injury Prevention 12: 353-354. doi:10.1136/ip.2006.014472. PMID 17170177. http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/12/6/353. 
  105. ^ Dorothy L. Robinson (2007). “eLetters for Pless, 12(6) 353-354: Good data and constructive debate can help resolve controversial issues”. Injury Prevention (12). http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/12/6/353#1648. 
  106. ^ Peter W. Ward, GP (2007). “eLetters for Pless, 12(6) 353-354:: Evidence on cycle helmets is contested, ambiguous and inconclusive”. Injury Prevention (12). http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/12/6/353#1617. 
  107. ^ "For more than 15 years, Bell Sports has committed its expertise and funding to Safe Kids coalitions across the United States to keep kids safe from bicycle and other wheel-related injury and death" [22] Accessed 1st March 2008.
  108. ^ "On the legislative front, Bell Sports supports the annual Safe Kids helmet legislative and enforcement grant program. Through these grants, coalitions are able to conduct advocacy efforts to enact or enforce helmet use legislation for bike riding or other wheeled sports. Numerous coalitions have been able to make strides in the legislative arena and encourage more kids to wear helmets through Bell's support." [23] Accessed 1st March 2008.
  109. ^ Burdett, Avery. “The Vehicular Cyclist”. Who should wear helmets?. Ontario Coalition for Better Cycling. 2008年1月9日閲覧。 “Of 2500 Major Head Injuries Annually in Ontario 49 % motor vehicle involvement—including pedestrians, excluding cyclists 35 % falls, 6 % homicide, 2 % suicide, 6 % other causes less than 2 % Cycling Source: Canadian Institute For Health Information 2001/2002)”
  110. ^ Burdett, Avery (2007年12月). “Cycling safer than golf”. Ontario Coalition for Better Cycling. 2008年1月9日閲覧。 “The April 2005 edition of the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics carried a review of patients under age 19 seen by pediatric neurosurgeons at the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta between 1996 and 2002. Sixty four of the total of 2,546 head injured patients treated had sports-related injuries. Less than 1 % (17) treated had cycling-related injuries. (Apparently the authors consider cycling to be a sport rather than a mode of transportation.) Fifteen were golf-related. The review did not attempt to compare relative risks by estimating exposure rates, but since children participate in cycling activities in vastly greater numbers than they do in golfing activities, it is abundantly clear that children are much safer riding their bikes than they are doing many other ordinary activities considered by most as benign and virtually harmless.
      This review provides more evidence that safety advocates' obsession with protecting our young cyclists through use of helmets is enormously out of proportion to the low risk involved in cycling. To these advocates, we say, "Cycling is a safe, fun, healthy activity. Stop exaggerating its risks. That discourages the uptake of cycling and from a health point of view is extremely counterproductive."”
  111. ^ “Key facts about injury when cycling in perspective”. Bicycle Helmet Research Foundation. 2007年8月26日閲覧。
  112. ^ Burdett, Avery (2006年8月). “About the OCBC”. Ontario Coalition for Better Cycling. 2008年1月9日閲覧。 “Unfortunately, this enjoyability and low risk is threatened by various politicians, bureaucrats, safety lobbyists, and misguided members of certain cycling organizations who would have cyclists ghettoized into bike lanes and onto bike paths, and slap foam hats on everyone's head!”
  113. ^ “Helmet Laws for Bicycle Riders” (英語). 2019年1月4日閲覧。
  114. ^ “Knesset passes controversial law requiring cyclists to wear helmets” (英語). Haaretz (2007年7月25日). 2007年10月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年1月4日閲覧。
  115. ^ “Safety in numbers” (英語). Homepage. Bicycle Helmet Research Foundation. 2019年1月4日閲覧。
  116. ^ Osberg, J.S., Stiles, C. (1998). “Bicycle Use and Safety In Paris, Boston, and Amsterdam”. Transportation Quarterly 52(4): 61-76. 
  117. ^ Wilson, Brian (2006年). “Amsterdam Bicycles”. 2019年1月4日閲覧。
  118. ^ In the land of the Dutch Black, the cyclist is king of the road. Debra Mayrhofer. The Age February 11, 2008. [24]
  119. ^ “Cycle helmet promotion: a dangerous distraction” (DOC). Cyclists' Touring Club (CTC). 2007年9月28日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年8月24日閲覧。
  120. ^ 「悲劇ゼロへ 誓いのヘルメット／着用率1位の愛媛 背景に高校生の死」『朝日新聞』夕刊2023年12月6日1面（同日閲覧）

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「bicycle helmet」の関連用語

1
bicycle
日本語表現辞典
70% |||||

2
bike
日本語表現辞典
32% |||||

3
cyclist
日本語表現辞典
30% |||||

4
ヘルメット (自転車)
百科事典
16% |||||

5
出典・注記
ウィキペディア小見出し辞書
14% |||||

6
advisable
日本語表現辞典
10% |||||

7
ヘルメット
百科事典
2% |||||

8
パワーレンジャー・ターボ
百科事典
2% |||||

9
UnicodeのEmojiの一覧
百科事典
2% |||||

10
オートバイ
百科事典
2% |||||

bicycle helmetのお隣キーワード

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