N400 (神経科学)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/03/09 19:41 UTC 版)
N400は、 事象関連電位 （ERP）として知られる脳波における成分の一種である。 刺激呈示の開始後約400ミリ秒でピークを持つ負の方向の振れとして命名されたが、250〜500ミリ秒に広がることもある．通常は頭頂の中心辺りに位置する電極で最大の振幅が観測される。 N400は、視覚および聴覚による単語、 手話のサイン、 写真 、 顔 、環境音、匂いなど、 言葉やその他の意味のある（または潜在的に意味を持つ）刺激に対する脳の反応だと考えられている。 [1] [2] [3]
- ^ a b c Kutas, M.; Federmeier, K.D. (2000). “Electrophysiology reveals semantic memory use in language comprehension”. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (12): 463–470. doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01560-6. PMID 11115760.
- ^ a b c d e f Kutas, M. & Federmeier, K.D. (In press).
- ^ (See Kutas & Federmeier, 2009, for review)
- ^ Kutas, M.; Hillyard, S. A. (1980). “Reading senseless sentences: Brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity”. Science 207 (4427): 203–208. doi:10.1126/science.7350657. PMID 7350657.
- ^ Van Petten, C.; Coulson, S.; Rubin, S.; Plante, E.; Parks, M. (1999). “Time course of word identification and semantic integration in spoken language”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 25 (2): 394–417. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.25.2.394.
- ^ Laszlo, S.; Federmeier, K.D. (2008). “Minding the PS, queues, and PXQs: Uniformity of semantic processing across stimulus types”. Psychophysiology 45 (3): 458–466. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00636.x. PMC 2704151. PMID 18221447.
- ^ Federmeier, K.D.; Kutas, M. (2001). “Meaning and modality: Influences of context, semantic memory organization, and perceptual predictability on picture processing”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 27 (1): 202–224. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.27.1.202.
- ^ Daltrozzo, J.; Schön, D. (2009). “Conceptual processing in music as revealed by N400 effects on words and musical targets”. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21 (10): 1882–1892. doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21113. PMID 18823240.
- ^ Ghosh Hajra, S.; Liu, C.C.; Song, X.; Fickling, S.; Cheung, T.P.L.; D’Arcy, R. (2018). “Accessing knowledge of the 'here and now': a new technique for capturing electromagnetic markers of orientation processing”. Journal of Neural Engineering 16 (1): 016008. doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aae91e. PMID 30507557.
- ^ Sitnikova, T.; Kuperberg, G.; Holcomb, P.J. (2003). “Semantic integration in videos of real0world events: an electrophysiological investigation”. Psychophysiology 40: 160–164. doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00016. PMID 12751813.
- ^ a b Van Petten, C.; Kutas, M. (1990). “Interactions between sentence context and word frequency in event-related brain potentials”. Memory and Cognition 18 (4): 380–393. doi:10.3758/bf03197127.
- ^ Van Petten, C.; Kutas, M.; Kluender, R.; Mitchiner, M.; McIsaac, H. (1991). “Fractionating the word repetition effect with event-related potentials”. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 3 (2): 131–150. doi:10.1162/jocn.1991.3.2.131. PMID 23972089.
- ^ Holcomb, P.J.; Grainger, J.; O'Rourke, T. (2002). “An electrophysiology study of the effects of orthographic neighborhood size on printed word perception”. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14 (6): 938–950. doi:10.1162/089892902760191153. PMID 12191460.
- ^ Kutas, M.; Hillyard, S. A. (1984). “Brain potentials during reading reflect word expectancy and semantic association”. Nature 307 (5947): 161–163. doi:10.1038/307161a0.
- ^ Borovsky, A.; Kutas, M.; Elman, J. (2011). “Learning to use words: Event related potentials index single-shot contextual word learning”. Cognition 116 (2): 289–296. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2010.05.004. PMC 2904319. PMID 20621846.
- ^ Fischler, I.; Bloom, P.A.; Childers, D.G.; Roucos, S.E.; Perry, N.W. (1983). “Brain potentials related to stages of sentence verification”. Psychophysiology 20 (4): 400–410. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb00920.x. PMID 6356204.
- ^ Urbach, Thomas; Kutas, Marta (2010). “Quantifiers more or less quantify online: ERP evidence for partial incremental interpretation”. Journal of Memory and Language 63 (2): 158–79. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2010.03.008. PMC 2902883. PMID 20640044.
- ^ Nieuwland, Mante; Kuperberg, Gina (2008). “When the truth is not too hard to handle: an event-related potential study on the pragmatics of negation”. Psychological Science 19 (12): 1213–8. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02226.x. PMC 3225068. PMID 19121125.
- ^ Federmeier, K. D. and Laszlo, S. (2009). Time for meaning: Electrophysiology provides insights into the dynamics of representation and processing in semantic memory. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Volume 51 (pp 1-44). Burlington: Academic Press.
- ^ Haan, H., Streb, J., Bien, S., & Ro, F. (2000). Reconstructions of the Semantic N400 Effect : Using a Generalized Minimum Norm Model with Different Constraints ( L1 and L2 Norm ), 192, 178–192.
- ^ Van Petten, C.; Luka, B. (2006). “Neural localization of semantic context effects in electromagnetic and hemodynamic studies”. Brain and Language 97 (3): 279–293. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2005.11.003. PMID 16343606.
- ^ Deacon, D.; Dynowska, A.; Ritter, W.; Grose-Fifer, J. (2004). “Repetition and semantic priming of nonwords: Implications for theories of N400 and word recognition”. Psychophysiology 41 (1): 60–74. doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00120.
- ^ Frank, Stefan L.; Otten, Leun J.; Galli, Giulia; Vigliocco, Gabriella (2015). “The ERP response to the amount of information conveyed by words in sentences” (英語). Brain and Language 140: 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2014.10.006.
- ^ Fitz, Hartmut; Chang, Franklin (2019). “Language ERPs reflect learning through prediction error propagation” (英語). Cognitive Psychology 111: 15–52. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2019.03.002. hdl:21.11116/0000-0003-474F-6.
[続きの解説]
「N400 (神経科学)」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 N400 (神経科学)とは
- 2 N400 (神経科学)の概要
- 3 言語特性に対する機能的な感受性
- 4 理論
- 5 脚注
- N400 (神経科学)のページへのリンク
