パレスチナ独立戦争
(パレスチナのアラブ反乱 (1936年 - 1939年) から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/03/27 19:59 UTC 版)
パレスチナ独立戦争もしくはパレスチナ・アラブ反乱（英語: 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine、ヘブライ語: המרד הערבי הגדול）は、イギリス委任統治領パレスチナのパレスチナ・アラブ人が大量のユダヤ人入植への反発とイギリス植民地支配に対し独立を求め起こした民族主義反乱である[10]。
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Hughes, M. (2009) The banality of brutality: British armed forces and the repression of the Arab Revolt in Palestine, 1936–39, English Historical Review Vol. CXXIV No. 507, 314–354.
- ^ Black, 2006, p. 128.
- ^ Swedenberg, 2003, p. 220.
- ^ Kimmerling & Migdal, 2003, p. 103.
- ^ a b Millman, 1998, p. 22.
- ^ Bowyer Bell, 1996, p. 44.
- ^ Morris, 1999, p. 145.
- ^ a b c d e f Levenberg, 1993, pp. 74–76.
- ^ a b Morris, 1999, pp.159–160.
- ^ a b Morris, 1999, p. 136.
- ^ a b c d e Norris, 2008, pp. 25.45.
- ^ Khalidi, 2002, p. 21; p. 35.
- ^ Patai, 1971, p. 59.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Morris, 1999, p. 160.
- ^ a b Morris, 1999, p. 159.
- ^ a b Segev, Tom (1999). One Palestine, Complete. Metropolitan Books. pp. 360–362. ISBN 978-0-8050-4848-3
- ^ Matthews, 2006, p. 237.
- ^ Krämer, 2008, p. 263.
- ^ Krämer, 2008, pp. 262–263.
- ^ Krämer, 2008, pp. 239–240.
- ^ 'Nablus Bandits Seen as Izz ed Din's followers', Palestine Post, Friday, 17 April 1936.
- ^ 'Yesterday in Palestine', Palestine Post, Thursday, 30 April 1936.
- ^ Highwaymen's Second Victim Dead', Palestine Post, Tuesday, 21 April 1936.
- ^ 'Turk Killed by Hold-up Men', Palestine Post, Thursday, 16 April 1936
- ^ Gilbert, 1998, p. 80.
- ^ Bar-On, 2004, p. 23.
- ^ 'Little Change in Situation', Palestine Post, Thursday, 23 April 1936.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Yazbak, M. (2000). From Poverty to Revolt: Economic Factors in the Outbreak of the 1936 Rebellion in Palestine. Middle Eastern Studies, 36(3), pp. 93–113.
- ^ Krämer, 2008, p. 273.
- ^ a b c Krämer, 2008, p. 239.
- ^ a b c Krämer, 2008, p. 254.
- ^ EllenFleischmann (March1995). “Jerusalem Women's Organizations During the British Mandate, 1920s–1930s”. PASSIA. 2010年5月29日閲覧。
- ^ Khalidi, 2001, p. 25.
- ^ a b c Krämer, 2008, pp. 256–259.
- ^ Krämer, 2008, pp. 2656–266.
- ^ Krämer, 2008, p. 264.
- ^ Commins, 2004, p. 113.
- ^ Thomas, 2007, p. 295.
- ^ “Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936” (PDF). Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 2010年5月29日閲覧。
- ^ Morewood, 2004, pp. 86–96.
- ^ Tripp, 2002, pp. 71–75.
- ^ Morris, 1999, p. 129.
- ^ Horne, 2003, p. 208.
- ^ a b c d Peel Commission Report Cmd. 5479, 1937, p. 96.
- ^ Krämer, 2008, p. 272.
- ^ Peel Commission Report Cmd. 5479, 1937, p. 97.
- ^ 'The Funeral, Palestine Post, Tuesday, 21 April 1936.
- ^ 'Funeral of Nine Jewish Dead', Palestine Post, Tuesday, 21 April 1936.
- ^ Kayyālī, 1978, p. 193.
- ^ Peel Commission Report Cmd. 5479, 1937, p. 100.
- ^ C. Townshend, The defence of Palestine: insurrection and public security, 1936–1939. The English Historical Review, Vol. 103 (1988) 917–949.
- ^ a b c d Peel Commission Report Cmd. 5479, 1937, pp. 100–102.
- ^ Krämer, 2008, p. 274.
- ^ a b c Krämer, 2008, p. 291.
- ^ a b c d Kayyālī, 1978, p. 196.
- ^ Segev, 2000, p. 423.
- ^ a b Horne, 2003, p. 213.
- ^ Kayyālī, 1978, p. 197.
- ^ a b Krämer, 2008, p. 278.
- ^ Horne, 2003, p. 210; 218.
- ^ Peel Commission Report Cmd. 5479, 1937, p. 99;pp. 104–105.
- ^ Segev, 2000, p. 401.
- ^ a b c d e f g Wasserstein, 2004, pp. 106–114
- ^ a b c Morris, 1999, pp. 138–144.
- ^ William Roger Louis (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization. I.B.Tauris. p. 391. ISBN 978-1-84511-347-6 2013年7月25日閲覧。
- ^ Benny Morris (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. pp. 11, 48, 49,. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6 2013年7月25日閲覧. ""p. 11 "while the Zionist movement, after much agonising, accepted the principle of partition and the proposals as a basis for negotiation"; p. 49 "In the end, after bitter debate, the Congress equivocally approved –by a vote of 299 to 160 – the Peel recommendations as a basis for further negotiation.""
- ^ Mark A. Raider; Jonathan D. Sarna; Ronald W. Zweig (12 October 2012). Abba Hillel Silver and American Zionism. Routledge. pp. 100–. ISBN 978-1-136-31495-7. ""to negotiate a modified (Peel) proposal with the British."
- ^ Bernard Wasserstein (1 May 2012). On the Eve: The Jews of Europe Before the Second World War. Simon and Schuster. p. 339. ISBN 978-1-4165-9427-7. ""The British government initially accepted the report in principle...With war clouds looming over Europe, they began to have second thoughts about the practicality of partition, fearing that to attempt to implement it against the will of the Palestinian Arab majority would rouse up the entire Arab world against Britain.""
- ^ a b “Woodhead commission report”. 2014年10月24日閲覧。 “(p. 236) FINANCE...we found that it was impossible, whatever boundaries we might recommend, to set up an Arab State which should be self-supporting.... deficits of £P.610,000 per annum for the Arab State (including Trans- Jordan) and of £P.460,000 per annum for the Mandated Territories, but a surplus of £P.600,Q00 per annum for the (p. 237 ) Jewish State. We have found that it is not possible to call upon the Jewish State for a direct subvention to the Arab State, and neither practicable nor equitable to set up an Arab State with a budget so very far from being balanced. We conclude that, if partition is to be carried out, there is no alternative but that Parliament should be asked to provide, in some form, sufficient assistance to enable the Arab State to balance its budget. (p. 246)...CONCLUSION ... The question whether partition is practicable involves considerations of two kinds : practical and political. The former concern chiefly finance and economics ;.... But the financial and economic difficulties, ..., are of such a nature that we can find no possible way to overcome them within our terms of reference. ... we have proposed, ... a modification of partition which, ... seems to us, subject to certain reservations, to form a satisfactory basis of settlement, if His Majesty's Government are prepared to accept the very considerable financial liability involved. There remain the political difficulties. .... But there is still the possibility that both sides may be willing to accept a reasonable compromise.”
- ^ Segev, 2000, p. 413.
- ^ Jeffrey K. Sosland (1 February 2012). Cooperating Rivals: The Riparian Politics of the Jordan River Basin. SUNY Press. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-0-7914-7957-5. ""Shortly after Woodhead issued his general report, the British government rejected any partition of Palestine as impractical.""
- ^ a b Horne, 2003, pp. 235–236.
- ^ Thomas, 2008, p. 254.
- ^ “File And Item Level Description of the Sir Charles Tegart Collection” (PDF). 2010年5月31日閲覧。
- ^ a b c d e Segev, 2000, p. 428.
- ^ a b Morris, 1999, p. 150.
- ^ Segev, 2000, p. 416.
- ^ a b c d e f Omissi, 1990, pp. 74–76.
- ^ Rotter, 2008, p. 51.
- ^ Gilmour, Ian and Andrew. "Terrorism Review." Journal of Palestine Studies, Volume 17, Issue 2, 1988, p. 131.
- ^ Omissi, 1990, p. 158.
- ^ Ben-Ami, 2005, p. 11.
- ^ Harris, 1998, p. 30.
- ^ a b Thomas, 2008, p. 246.
- ^ Black and Morris, 1991, p. 16.
- ^ Harouvi, 1999, p. 33.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Stewart, 2002, pp. 7–10.
- ^ a b c d Krämer, 2008, p. 293.
- ^ Ferrier and Bamberg, 1994, p. 165.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Thomas, 2008, pp. 244–246.
- ^ a b c d Harouvi, 1999, pp. 32–34.
- ^ Frilling, 2005, p. 279.
- ^ Adelman, 2008, p. 154.
- ^ Frilling, 2005, p. 28.
- ^ Kaniuk, 2001, p. 101.
- ^ Laffin, 1979, p. 80.
- ^ Kimmerling, 1989, p. 38.
- ^ Swedenburg, 2003, p. 220.
- ^ Morris, 1999, p. 132.
- ^ Cleveland, 2000, p. 255.
- ^ Sacharov, 2004, p. 23.
- ^ Adelman, 2008, p. 156.
- ^ Krämer, 2008, p. 292.
- ^ a b c d Segev, 2000, p. 427.
- ^ Segev, 2000, p. 426.
- ^ a b Morris, 1999, p. 149.
- ^ a b c d Johnson, 2010, p. 807.
- ^ Etzel – The Establishment of Irgun
- ^ a b Krämer, 2008, p. 242.
- ^ Bajohr, 2002, p. 122.
- ^ Segev, 1991, p. 22; p. 29.
- ^ Nicosia, 2008, p. 99.
- ^ Ben-Ami, 2005, p. 14.
- ^ Segev, 2000, pp. 386–387.
- ^ a b c d e f Morris, 1999, p. 147.
- ^ Morris, 1999, p. 133.
- ^ Arielli, 2010, pp. 109–132.
- ^ a b Gettleman and Schaar, 2003, p. 181.
- ^ Morris, 1999, p. 153.
- ^ a b c d e f Morris, 1999, pp. 153–154.
- ^ a b Hillel Cohen (2008). Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948. University of California Press. pp. 146–. ISBN 978-0-520-25221-9. ""it was the first manifestation of the Nashashibi group's armed defense against those who had violated the honor of their family and the honor of ... But when the general strike ended, he once again began coordinating his moves with the Zionists.3 The opposition's principal motivation for security cooperation was the assassination campaign pursued by the rebels at the behest of the Husseini leadership.""
- ^ Cohen, 2009, p. 125.
- ^ Horne, 2003, pp. 237–238.
- ^ Cohen, 2009, p. 198.
- ^ Cohen, 2009, p. 167.
- ^ a b c Horne, 2003 p. 228.
- ^ Oozlebart and Cantor', Time Magazine, Monday, 15 August 1938. [リンク切れ]
- ^ a b Horne, 2003 p. 224; 238.
- ^ 'Situation in Brief: Official Reports', Palestine Post, Monday, 3 October 1938.
- ^ a b c Horne 2003, p. 224–226; 239.
- ^ Swedenburg, 2003, p. 88.
- ^ LeVine, 2012, p. 149.
- ^ LeVine, 2012, p. 153.
- ^ Swedenburg, 2003, p. 87.
- ^ Swedenburg, 2003, p. 30.
- ^ Frisch, 2008, p. 23.
- ^ Cohen, 2009, p. 152.
- ^ LeVine, 2012, p. 154.
- ^ a b c d Horne 2003, p. 224; 226; 228; 239–240.
- ^ a b Horne 2003, p. 224; 238.
- ^ Swedenburg, 2003, p. 121.
- ^ Fry, MacKereth & Rabinovich, 1985, p. 172.
- ^ a b c d Horne 2003, p. 225; 228–230.
- ^ Horne 2003, p. 225.
- ^ a b Horne 2003, p. 225; 235; 238.
- ^ Jewish Spectator, 1937, Volume 3, p. 8.
- ^ a b c d Krämer, 2008, p. 295.
- ^ Segev, 2000, p. 388.
- ^ Shapira, 1999, p. 250.
- ^ Segev, 2000, p. 449.
- ^ Segev, 2000, p. 439; 459.
- ^ Segev, 2000, pp. 450–451.
- ^ Morris, 1999, p. 121.
- ^ Hillel Cohen (2008). Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948. University of California Press. pp. 128–. ISBN 978-0-520-25221-9. ""the silencing of the opposition and humiliation of its leaders continued in the months that followed. In July 1938 an armed squad appeared at the home of a family of Nashashibi supporters in the village of Beit Rima, ...Before they left, the gang offered an explanation for their behavior: The jihad, they said, was directed against any person who did not obey the mufti. In the passion of the moment, they revealed the militants' fundamental tenet: Their national struggle was a religious holy war, and the incarnation of both the Palestinian Arab nation and Islam was Hajj Amin al-Husseini. Anyone who rejected his leadership was a heretic and his life was forfeit.""
- ^ Hillel Cohen (3 January 2008). Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948. University of California Press. pp. 122–125. ISBN 978-0-520-93398-9
- ^ Nashif, 2008, p. 24.
- ^ Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry - Appendix IV Palestine: Historical Background
- ^ a b Benny Morris (25 May 2011). “chp. 4”. Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-1998. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-307-78805-4. ""Capping it all, the Permanent Mandates Commission of the Council of the League of Nations rejected the White Paper as inconsistent with the terms of the Mandate.""
- ^ a b c d Segev, 2000, pp. 436–441.
- ^ Segev, 2000, p. 443.
- ^ Segev, 2000, p. 442.
- ^ a b c d Swedenberg, 2003, pp. xxii; 13–15.
- ^ Segev, 2000, p. 433.
[続きの解説]
- パレスチナのアラブ反乱 (1936年 - 1939年)のページへのリンク
