アメリカ学派 (経済学)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/02/02 01:18 UTC 版)
アメリカ学派（英: American School、または国民的体系、全国的システム、英: National System）は、政治、政策、哲学における、三つの異なるが互いに関連する構成概念を表すものである。1860年代から1940年代にかけてのアメリカ合衆国の政策であり、政策実行の程度や詳細において一進一退していった。歴史家のマイケル・リンドは、他の経済思想と論理的かつ概念的な関係を持つ、首尾一貫した応用経済哲学としてこれを表現した[1]。
- ^ "Free Trade Fallacy" New America.
- ^ a b "Second Bank of the United States" U-S-History.com.
- ^ "Republican Party Platform of 1860" presidency.ucsb.edu
- ^ "Republican Party Platform of 1856" presidency.ucsb.edu.
- ^ Pacific Railway Act (1862) ourdocuments.gov.
- ^ ANDREWS, E. Benjamin, Page 180 of Scribner's Magazine Volume 18 #1 (January–June 1896); "A History of the Last Quarter-Century".
- ^ Lind, Michael: "Lincoln and his successors in the Republican party of 1865–1932, by presiding over the industrialization of the United State, foreclosed the option that the United States would remain a rural society with an agrarian economy, as so many Jeffersonians had hoped." and "...Hamiltonian side... the Federalists; the National Republicans; the Whigs, the Republicans; the Progressives." — "Hamilton's Republic" Introduction pp. xiv–xv. Free Press, Simon & Schuster, USA: 1997. ISBN 0-684-83160-0.
- ^ Lind, Michael: "During the nineteenth century the dominant school of American political economy was the "American School" of developmental economic nationalism... The patron saint of the American School was Alexander Hamilton, whose Report on Manufactures (1791) had called for federal government activism in sponsoring infrastructure development and industrialization behind tariff walls that would keep out British manufactured goods... The American School, elaborated in the nineteenth century by economists like Henry Carey (who advised President Lincoln), inspired the "American System" of Henry Clay and the protectionist import-substitution policies of Lincoln and his successors in the Republican party well into the twentieth century." — "Hamilton's Republic" Part III "The American School of National Economy" pp. 229–30. Free Press, Simon & Schuster, USA: 1997. ISBN 0-684-83160-0.
- ^ a b Richardson, Heather Cox: "By 1865, the Republicans had developed a series of high tariffs and taxes that reflected the economic theories of Carey and Wayland and were designed to strengthen and benefit all parts of the American economy, raising the standard of living for everyone. As a Republican concluded... "Congress must shape its legislation as to incidentally aid all branches of industry, render the people prosperous, and enable them to pay taxes... for ordinary expenses of Government." — "The Greatest Nation of the Earth" Chapter 4, "Directing the Legislation of the Country to the Improvement of the Country: Tariff and Tax Legislation" pp. 136–37. President and Fellows of Harvard College, USA: 1997. ISBN 0-674-36213-6.
- ^ a b Boritt, Gabor S: "Lincoln thus had the pleasure of signing into law much of the program he had worked for through the better part of his political life. And this, as Leornard P. Curry, the historian of the legislation has aptly written, amounted to a "blueprint for modern America." and "The man Lincoln selected for the sensitive position of Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon P. Chase, was an ex-Democrat, but of the moderate cariety on economics, one whom Joseph Dorfman could even describe as 'a good Hamiltonian, and a western progressive of the Lincoln stamp in everything from a tariff to a national bank.'" — "Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream" Chapter 14, "The Whig in the White House" pp. 196–97. Memphis State University Press, USA: 1994. ISBN 0-87870-043-9.
- ^ a b hmco.org
- ^ J.L.M. Curry, "Confederate States and Their Constitution", The Galaxy, New York, 1874 cornell.edu
- ^ Gill, William J. "By 1880 the United States of America had overtaken and surpassed England as industrial leader of the world." — "Trade Wars Against America: A History of United States Trade and Monetary Policy", Chapter 6, "America becomes Number 1" pp. 39–49. Praeger Publishers, USA: 1990. ISBN 0-275-93316-4.
- ^ a b George D. Prentice, "Life of Henry Clay", The North American Review, Boston Massachusetts, 1831
- ^ Bourgin, Frank (1989). The Great Challenge: The Myth of Laissez-Faire in the Early Republic. New York, NY: George Braziller Inc.. ISBN 0-06-097296-3
- ^ The National System of Political Economy
- ^ Harmony of Interests
- ^ cornell.edu
- ^ a b Henry C. Carey, Harmony of Interests
- ^ Making of America Books
- ^ The Senate 1789-1989 Classic Speeches 1830-1993 Volume three, Bicentennial edition, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington
- ^ a b Ideas and Movements: American System" U-S-History.com
- ^ William McKinley speech, October 4, 1892 in Boston, MA William McKinley Papers (Library of Congress)
- ^ econlib.org
- ^ cornell.edu
- ^ cornell.edu
- ^ cornell.edu
- ^ cornell.edu.
- ^ cornell.edu.
- ^ Gill, William J. Trade Wars Against America: A History of United States Trade and Monetary Policy (1990)
- ^ Lind, Michael: "Free Trade Fallacy" by Michael Lind, New America Foundation.] "Like Britain, the U.S. protected and subsidised its industries while it was a developing country, switching to free trade only in 1945, when most of its industrial competitors had been wiped out by the Second World War and the U.S. enjoyed a virtual monopoly in many manufacturing sectors." New America Foundation, - "Free Trade Fallacy" January 2003
- ^ Dr. Ravi Batra, "The Myth of Free Trade": "Unlike most of its trading partners, real wages in the United States have been tumbling since 1973, the first year of the country's switch to laissez-faire." (pp. 126–27) "Before 1973, the U.S. economy was more or less closed and self-reliant, so that efficiency gains in industry generated only a modest price fall, and real earnings soared for all Americans." (pp. 66–67) "Moreover, it turns out that 1973 was the first year in its entire history when the United States became an open economy with free trade." (p. 39)
- ^ Lind, Michael:"The revival of Europe and Japan by the 1970s eliminated these monopoly profits, and the support for free trade of industrial-state voters in the American midwest and northeast declined. Today, support for free-trade globalism in the U.S. comes chiefly from the commodity-exporting south and west and from U.S. multinationals which have moved their factories to low-wage countries like Mexico and China." New America Foundation, "Free Trade Fallacy" January 2003
- ^ “In trade wars of 200 years ago, the pirates were Americans”. AP通信 (2019年3月29日). 2019年8月27日閲覧。
- ^ “The Rise of China and the Fall of the ‘Free Trade’ Myth”. ニューヨーク・タイムズ (2018年2月7日). 2019年8月27日閲覧。
[続きの解説]
「アメリカ学派 (経済学)」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 アメリカ学派 (経済学)とは
- 2 アメリカ学派 (経済学)の概要
- 3 歴史
- 4 参考文献
- 5 関連項目
- アメリカ学派 (経済学)のページへのリンク
