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Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems

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出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/03/03 02:32 UTC 版)

Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) は、アメリカ合衆国ニューメキシコ州アルバカーキにあった電子機器メーカーである。世界初の商業的に成功したパーソナルコンピュータであるAltair 8800を製造した[1]。


脚注
  1. ^ Mims, Forrest M. (November 1984). “The Altair story: the early days at MITS”. Creative Computing 10 (11): 17. http://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v10n11/17_The_Altair_story_early_d.php. 
  2. ^ Mandell, Gorden (April 1970). “From the launching pad”. Model Rocketry (Cambridge, MA: Model Rocketry, Inc) 2 (9): 5. http://www.ninfinger.org/~sven/rockets/ModelRocketry/ModelRocketry.html. The editor describes the first MITS modules with photo of the units.
  3. ^ a b Roberts, Ed (November 1971). “Electronic desk calculator you can build”. Popular Electronics 35 (5): 27–32. 
  4. ^ “Bill Gates: A Timeline”. BBC News (BBC). (2006年7月15日). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5085630.stm 2010年7月17日閲覧。 
  5. ^ Emerson, Bo (1997年4月27日). “Doctor of Invention: Computer pioneer keeping it personal as a small-town doc”. The Atlanta Journal Constitution: p. M.01 
  6. ^ Zannos, Susan (2002). Edward Roberts and the Story of the Personal Computer. Mitchell Lane Publishers. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-58415-118-0. https://archive.org/details/edwardrobertssto0000zann/page/15 
  7. ^ Roberts (1974), back cover, author biography
  8. ^ Mims (1986), 24–27.
  9. ^ Mims, Forrest (December 1987). “A Homebrew Analog Computer”. Modern Electronics 4 (12): 39–41. ISSN 0748-9889. Mims describes the analog computer he built in high school. The article has a photograph and schematics of the computer.
  10. ^ “New Device Helps The Blind”. The San Antonio Light: p. 2. (1966年4月15日). "Although a political science major at A&M, Mims's second interest obviously is 'science and inventing things.'" 
  11. ^ Mims, Forrest M. (January 1970). “Model Rocketry in Vietnam”. Model Rocketry (Cambridge, MA: Model Rocketry, Inc) 2 (4): 23–25. http://www.ninfinger.org/~sven/rockets/ModelRocketry/ModelRocketry.html. 
  12. ^ “There Is No Substitute For Talent”. Pacific Stars and Stripes (Tokyo, Japan) 23 (291): 9. (October 19, 1967). 
  13. ^ Winchester, James H. (1967年10月12日). “The World Around Us Today”. Times-Bulletin. Central Press Association (Van Wert, Ohio): p. 14  Feature story on Forrest Mims' work at School for Blind Boys
  14. ^ “Soldier Invents Seeing Aid”. Cedar Rapids Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa): p. 17A. (1967年6月25日)  Photograph of nine-year-year old Le Quang Manh of the Saigon School for Blind Boys with Mims' obstacle-sensing device.
  15. ^ Mims (1986), 62–69.
  16. ^ Mims (1986), 27–28.
  17. ^ Mims, Forrest M. (September 1969). “Transistorized Tracking Light for Night Launched Model Rockets”. Model Rocketry (Cambridge, MA: Model Rocketry, Inc) 1 (11): 9–11. http://www.ninfinger.org/~sven/rockets/ModelRocketry/ModelRocketry.html. 
  18. ^ Carlin, Margie (1970年1月30日). “Want to Fly a Rocket? Albq Academy Is the Pad”. Albuquerque Tribune: p. B10  Summary: Feature story on Albuquerque Model Rocketry Club. The club was organized by Air Force Captain Forrest Mims. Mims and three other Albuquerque engineers, Ed Roberts, Dan Cagle and Robert Zaller, have formed a new company, Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems.
  19. ^ Mims (1986), 29.
  20. ^ “New Product Notes”. Model Rocketry (Cambridge, MA: Model Rocketry, Inc) 2 (3): 37. (December 1969). http://www.ninfinger.org/~sven/rockets/ModelRocketry/ModelRocketry.html. 
  21. ^ Barnes, Bill (1972年11月19日). “Do-It Yourselfers Propel Kit Maker to High Levels”. San Antonio Express-News: p. 10, Business Section 
  22. ^ Mims (1986), 32–34.
  23. ^ Mims (1986), 34–36.
  24. ^ “New Products: Do-it-yourself Electronic Calculator”. Computer (IEEE) 3 (6): 38–41. (November 1970). doi:10.1109/C-M.1970.216730. https://books.google.com/books?id=GJ2wAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Electronic+Arrays%22+Calculator. "Electronic Arrays has developed the EAS100, a set of MOS LSI circuits for a 16 digit calculator with 8 digit display capability." 
  25. ^ US patent 3800129, Richard H. Umstattd, "MOS Desk Calculator", issued 1974-03-26  The Electronic Arrays, Inc. calculator chip set that was used in the MITS 816 calculator.
  26. ^ Cliff, W. Wilson (1971年10月31日). “Little Firm in City Making Big Name with Calculator”. Albuquerque Journal: p. G-2. "But hundreds of thousands of electronics enthusiasts the world over have read about MITS within the last 10 days and no less than 200 already bought the light-weight 16-digit electronic calculator…" 
  27. ^ “MITS announces our forth generation.”. Radio-Electronics 43 (6): 13. (June 1972).  Full page advertisement of the Model 1440 calculator.
  28. ^ Lucas, Urith (1973年4月20日). “Albq calculator firm to expand plant, triple number of employees”. The Albuquerque Tribune: p. C14  Summary: MITS to move to the Cal-Lin Building, 6328 Linn NE in May. Now at 5404 Coal SE. Employment is expected to rise from 62 to 180 or 200. Company will have 10,000 square feet on one floor. Calculator sales reached $100,000 in March.
  29. ^ Roberts (1974), 74–83. The "Calculator Manufacturing" section describes in detail how MITS produces calculators and has 10 photographs of the process.
  30. ^ Young (1998), 152–153.
  31. ^ “A New Standard! MITS 7400 Scientific and Engineering Calculator”. Radio-Electronics 43 (12): 17. (December 1972).  Full page advertisement of the Model 7400 scientific calculator.
  32. ^ http://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/w-mits7400.html
  33. ^ “Popular Mechanics”. Hearst Magazines (1973年5月). 2020年5月17日閲覧。
  34. ^ Schnaars, Steven P. (1997). Marketing Strategy: Customers And Competition. Simon and Schuster. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-684-83191-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=vvfmcTAGdloC&pg=PA48 
  35. ^ “New Products”. Computer (IEEE) 5 (6): 59–63. (November 1972). doi:10.1109/C-M.1972.216999. "The TI-2500 portable electronic calculator is a four-function, full-floating decimal-point unit with an eight-digit light emitting-diode display. With a suggested retail price of under $120, the TI-2500 calculator is rechargeable and capable of portable or ac operation."  The calculator was previewed in June 1972 and formally released on September 21, 1972
  36. ^ Smith, William D. (1975年2月11日). “Bowmar Will Ask Reorganization”. The New York Times: p. 55 
  37. ^ Young (1998), 153–154. The book quotes the September 1975 Forbes magazine on the hand-calculator market. It also details the MITS stock offering.
  38. ^ Mims (1986), 40–41.
  39. ^ “It's About Time”. Radio-Electronics 45 (7): 75. (July 1974).  A quarter-page advertisement for the MITS DC100 clock/timer. Kit $79.95, assembled $99.95
  40. ^ Young (1998), 155–158.
  41. ^ Ceruzzi (2003), 227–228.
  42. ^ Mims (1986), 168.
  43. ^ Garner, Lou (January 1973). “The state of solid state”. Radio-Electronics (Gernsback) 44 (1): 55.  Describes the expanded TMS0100 family of "calculator-on-a-chip" MOS/LSI integrated circuits. The article includes an illustration of a chip layout.
  44. ^ Simonton, John (May 1973). “Build a Modular Electronic Music Synthesizer”. Radio-Electronics 44 (5): 38–41. 
  45. ^ Salsberg, Arthur (November 12, 1984). “Jaded Memory”. InfoWorld (InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.) 6 (46): 7. ISSN 0199-6649. https://books.google.com/books?id=oy4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA7. 
  46. ^ H. Edward Roberts; William Yates (January 1975). “Altair 8800 minicomputer”. Popular Electronics (Ziff Davis) 7 (1): 33–38. 
  47. ^ Hawkins, William J.; Orlando Guerra (May 1978). “Computer add-ons - kits you build for your home unit”. Popular Science (Bonnier Corporation) 212 (5): 64–68. ISSN 0161-7370. https://books.google.com/books?id=rwAAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA64. ADM-3A Terminal cost $795 (kit) and $895 (assembled).
  48. ^ MITS (August 1975). “Worlds Most Inexpensive BASIC language system”. Popular Electronics (Ziff Davis) 8 (2): 1. 
  49. ^ Green, Wayne (October 1975). “From the Publisher .. Are they real?”. BYTE (Green Publishing) 1 (2): 61, 81, 87.  In August 1975, Wayne Green visited several personal computer manufacturers. A photo caption in his trip report says; "Meanwhile, at MITS, over 5,000 Altair 8800's have been shipped. Here is a view of part of the production line."
  50. ^ a b “Updated Price List”. Computer Notes (Albuquerque NM: MITS) 1 (1): 6. (April 1975). オリジナルのMarch 23, 2012時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323162008/http://startup.nmnaturalhistory.org/gallery/notesViewer.php?ii=75_4&p=6. Larger version.
  51. ^ “Hardware”. Homebrew Computer Club Newsletter 1 (5): 2, 5. (July 5, 1975). http://www.digibarn.com/collections/newsletters/homebrew/V1_05/index.html. 
  52. ^ Durston, Tom (July 1975). “Altair Floppy Disk”. Computer Notes (Albuquerque NM: MITS) 1 (1): 5. オリジナルのMarch 23, 2012時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323162008/http://startup.nmnaturalhistory.org/gallery/notesViewer.php?ii=75_7&p=5. 
  53. ^ “The Computer Company you can afford.”. Computer (IEEE) 8 (5): 16. (May 1975). doi:10.1109/C-M.1975.218951. 
  54. ^ “Clubs and Newsletters: Altair User's Group”. Byte (Peterborough, NH: Green Publishing) 1 (3): 77–78. (November 1975). 
  55. ^ “Personal Computing”. Computer Notes (Albuquerque NM: MITS) 2 (1): 20. (June 1976). オリジナルのMarch 23, 2012時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323161919/http://startup.nmnaturalhistory.org/gallery/notesViewer.php?ii=76_6&p=20. 
  56. ^ Moore, Fred (June 7, 1975). “It's a Hobby”. Homebrew Computer Club Newsletter 1 (4): 1. http://www.digibarn.com/collections/newsletters/homebrew/V1_04/index.html. 
  57. ^ “MITS Mobile Caravan Seminars”. Computer Notes 1 (11): 5. (May 1976). オリジナルの2012-03-23時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323162008/http://startup.nmnaturalhistory.org/gallery/notesViewer.php?ii=76_4&p=5. 
  58. ^ “The Albuquerque Happening”. Byte (Peterborough, NH: Byte Publications) 1 (10): 36–37. (June 1976). 
  59. ^ “Advertisements”. Byte (Peterborough NH: Byte Publications) 1 (11). (July 1976).  Numerous advertisers in the issue claim Altair compatibility.
  60. ^ Morrow, George; Howard Fullmer (May 1978). “Microsystems Proposed Standard for the S-100 Bus Preliminary Specification, IEEE Task 696.1/D2”. Computer (IEEE) 11 (5): 84–90. doi:10.1109/C-M.1978.218190. 
  61. ^ Williams, Tom (February 14, 1979). “Hazards & Opportunities in the Micro Market: Interview with Thinker Toy's George Morrow”. Intelligent Machines Journal (InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.) 1 (3): 2. ISSN 0199-6649. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA2. 
  62. ^ Freiberger, Paul; Swaine, Michael (2000). Fire in the Valley (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 123–129. ISBN 0-07-135892-7. https://archive.org/details/fireinvalleymaki00frei_0/page/123 
  63. ^ “Introducing VDM-1”. Popular Electronics 9 (2): 100. (February 1976).  Processor Technology Video Display advertisement. Features 16 lines, 64 characters, upper and lower case. $160
  64. ^ Littman, Jonathan (1987). Once Upon a Time in ComputerLand: The Amazing, Billion-Dollar Tale of Bill Millard. Los Angeles: Price Stern Sloan. p. 18. ISBN 0-89586-502-5  "Later that day, December 16 [1975], United Parcel Service picked up the first shipment of 50 IMSAI computer kits for delivery to customers."
  65. ^ Roberts, Ed (April 1976). “Ramblings from Ed Roberts”. Computer Notes (Albuquerque NM: MITS) 1 (11): 3. オリジナルのMarch 23, 2012時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323162008/http://startup.nmnaturalhistory.org/gallery/notesViewer.php?ii=76_4&p=3. 
  66. ^ Manes (1994), 134–136
  67. ^ Hogan, Thom (September 14, 1981). “IBM Announces New Microcomputer System”. InfoWorld (InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.) 3 (18): 1, 14. ISSN 0199-6649. https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA14. 
  68. ^ 『ポピュラーエレクトロニクス』1975年1月号は1974年11月29日に発行された。
  69. ^ Manes (1994), 68–70.
  70. ^ Manes (1994), 50–54. Gates and Allen worked at TRW where they had unlimited access to a PDP-10.
  71. ^ Wallace, James; Jim Erickson (1992). Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 81–83. ISBN 0-471-56886-4. https://archive.org/details/harddrivebillgat00wall_0/page/81 "When Harvard officials found out that he (Gates) and Allen had been making extensive use of the university's PDP-10 to develop a commercial product, they were not pleased." The computer was funded by the Department of Defense and was under the control of Professor Thomas Cheatham. "Although DARPA was funding the PDP-10 at Harvard, there was no written policy regarding its use."
  72. ^ Manes (1994), 50–54.
  73. ^ Manes (1994), 71. "A much later version of the source code memorializes the date as February 9, 1975, but the project almost certainly began earlier - during Harvard's January 'reading period' …" Source code display in museum
  74. ^ Young (1998), 163.
  75. ^ “Altair BASIC - Up and Running”. Computer Notes (Albuquerque NM: MITS) 1 (1): 1, 3. (April 1975). オリジナルのMarch 23, 2012時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323162008/http://startup.nmnaturalhistory.org/gallery/notesViewer.php?ii=75_4&p=00.  The publication date was April 7, 1975
  76. ^ Manes (1994), 82–83.
  77. ^ Young (1998), 164.
  78. ^ “Contributors”. Computer Notes (Albuquerque NM: MITS) 1 (5): 13. (October 1975). オリジナルのMarch 23, 2012時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323162008/http://startup.nmnaturalhistory.org/gallery/notesViewer.php?ii=75_10&p=13. 
  79. ^ Manes (1994), 90. "Roughly 900 copies had been accounted for between July and year's end." "MITS was shipping maybe a thousand machines a month, yet BASIC was selling in the low hundreds."
  80. ^ Pollini, Steve (April 1976). “680-b ready for production”. Computer Notes (MITS) 1 (11): 8. オリジナルのMarch 23, 2012時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323162008/http://startup.nmnaturalhistory.org/gallery/notesViewer.php?ii=76_4&p=8. "MITS is now ready to begin full production of the Altair 680b" 
  81. ^ Manes (1994), 95.
  82. ^ Manes (1994), 99–100. "Weiland cranked out a 6502 edition of BASIC."
  83. ^ “8080 BASIC”. Computer Notes (MITS) 1 (7): 6. (January 1976). オリジナルのMarch 23, 2012時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323162008/http://startup.nmnaturalhistory.org/gallery/notesViewer.php?ii=76_1&p=6. 
  84. ^ Manes (1994), 111-113.
  85. ^ McElheny, Victor K. (1977年6月16日). “Computer Show: Preview Of More Ingenious Models”. The New York Times: pp. D1, D5. "J. David Callan, head of Pertec's Microsystems division, which includes the Altair line and Icom, of Canoga Park, Calif., maker of computer peripheral equipment for such small computers, said that Altair sales totaled about $6 million last year." 
  86. ^ “Here Comes PCC”. SCCS Interface (Santa Monica, CA: Southern California Computer Society) 1 (10): 26–29. (January 1977).  Interview with Ryal Poppa, president of Pertec Computer Corporation, about the acquisition of MITS.
  87. ^ Boonham, J. C. (1978). Small Systems Computer Sourcebook. Taylor & Francis. pp. 68–69. ISBN 978-0-470-26295-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=RsAOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA68 
  88. ^ Manes (1993), 101.
  89. ^ “Company Planning to Buy City Firm”. Albuquerque Journal: p. B-6. (1976年12月15日)  MITS had approximately 500 shareholders and annual sales of $6 million.
  90. ^ Young (1998), 174.
  91. ^ “Publication notes”. Computer Notes (Pertec Computer Corporation.) 3 (7): 2. (January–February 1978). オリジナルのMarch 23, 2012時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323162008/http://startup.nmnaturalhistory.org/gallery/notesViewer.php?ii=78_1&p=2. 
  92. ^ “Pertec in Accord On Philips Stake”. The New York Times. Reuters: p. D4. (1979年8月22日) 
  93. ^ “A German Concern Is Seeking Pertec”. The New York Times. Associated Press: p. D4. (1979年10月23日) 
  94. ^ Milewski, Richard (December 8, 1980). “Last Vestige of Mits Closes”. InfoWorld (InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.) 2 (22): 7. ISSN 0199-6649. https://books.google.com/books?id=mD4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT6. 
  95. ^ Lohr, Steve (2010年4月2日). “H. Edward Roberts, PC Pioneer, Dies at 68”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/03/business/03roberts.html 

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