これまで，一般的に縄文時代の家畜はイヌのみであり，ブタなどの家畜はいないと言われてきた。しかし，イノシシ形土製品やイノシシの埋葬，離島でのイノシシ出土例から縄文時代のイノシシ飼育が議論されてきた。イノシシ飼育の主張でもっとも大きな問題点は，縄文時代のイノシシ骨に家畜化現象が見られなかったことである。ところが縄文時代のイノシシ骨の中にも家畜化現象と疑われる例があることが分かった。また，イノシシがヒトやイヌと共に埋葬されている例が知られるようになり，改めてイノシシについてヒトやイヌとの共通性を議論する必要が出てきた。そこで，本論では千葉県茂原市下太田貝塚出土資料を紹介するとともに，イノシシ形土製品・イノシシ埋葬・離島のイノシシ・骨格の家畜化現象の４項目について再検討した。その結果，文化的要素からみれば，縄文時代中期以降にブタが飼育されていたことはほぼ確実である。また，離島への持ち込みという文化的項目と骨格の家畜化現象の点から見ると，縄文前期からすでにブタが飼育されていた可能性が大きいことが分かった。しかし，縄文時代のブタは，骨格的変化が小さいことから，野生イノシシと家畜のブタが交雑可能な程度のかなり粗放的な飼育であったと推測された。ブタの存在がほぼ確実になったことは，縄文時代が単純な狩猟・漁労・採集経済ではなく，イヌとブタを飼育し，ある程度の栽培植物を利用する新石器文化であったことを意味するものである。

Until now, it has been said that in general during the Jomon period dogs were the only domesticated animals and that other animals such as pigs had not been domesticated. However, examples of earthen articles shaped like boars, the burial of boars, and the excavation of boars on outlying islands have aroused debate on the domestication of boars during the Jomon period. The biggest point of contention concerning claims of boar domestication has been the absence of the detection of domestication-related effects in boar bones dating from the Jomon period. However, we now know of one example where it is suspected that domestication-related effects exist among boar bones dating from the Jomon period. Given the fact that examples of boars being buried together with people and dogs have also come to light, it has become necessary to debate the points that boars have in common with people and dogs once again.It is in this context that this paper introduces materials excavated from the Shimooda shell mound in Mobara City, Chiba Prefecture, and also re-examines earthen boar-shaped articles, boar burials, boars on outlying islands, and domestication-related effects in boar bones. As a result, when viewed in terms of cultural elements, we can be virtually certain that pigs were domesticated from around the Middle Jomon period. Furthermore, when viewed from the culturally significant fact that they were taken to outlying islands and from the standpoint of the discovery of domestication-related effects in their skeletons, we learn that there is a strong possibility that pigs were already being domesticated in the Early Jomon period. However, because of little skeletal change in pigs from the Jomon period, it is believed that they were raised in a rather rough manner whereby this somewhat slipshod manner of raising pigs allowed for cross breeding between wild boars and domesticated pigs. The implication of the virtual certainty of the existence of pigs is that the Jomon period was not a time when there was a simple hunting, gathering and fishing economy, but that it was a New Stone Age culture in which dogs and pigs were raised and cultivation of vegetation was used to some degree.

source:https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun5/index.html#no108