A charismatic orator, and a natural leader, Ibrahim Abu-Lughod, who has died of a lung disease in Ramallah aged 72, was Palestine's foremost academic and intellectual. A professor and vice-president of Bir Zeit University, on the West Bank, he was a brilliant teacher, scholar and organiser, who crisscrossed the area lecturing, organising seminars and appearing at conferences.
Abu-Lughod was as much in demand for his forceful presence as for his personal generosity and warmth. During the last decade of his life, he was a founder of, and active in, the Independent Commission for Citizens' Rights, the Centre for Curricular Reform, and most recently, the Qattan Cultural Centre in Ramallah.
Born in the port of Jaffa, in British Mandate Palestine, he was the son of a metal manufacturer, and graduated from his local high school. Involved in the struggle for Palestinian rights from his student days, he was a young demonstrator against the British in Palestine, and skirmished with Zionist settlers in the Jaffa area.
With the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, he was forced to leave the region, and was on the last boat evacuating Arabs from Jaffa. As a refugee, he then went to the United States, via Beirut.
He graduated from the University of Illinois with a BA in 1951, and a PhD in Middle East studies from Princeton in 1957. After three years as a field expert in Egypt for the United Nations educational, social and cultural organisation Unesco, he returned to the US.
Abu-Lughod began his academic career at Smith College, in Northampton, Massachusetts, before moving to McGill University, Montreal, and then spending 34 years at Northwestern University, in Evanston, Illinois, where he founded the Institute of African Studies and was professor of political science.
After completing his grad-uate education, he quickly established himself as the leading Arab academic activist in north America. After the 1967 war between Israel and Egypt, Jordan and Syria, which led to the Israeli occupation of the West Bank, Gaza, and the Golan Heights, he founded the Association of Arab-American University Graduates in 1968.
He maintained a heavy schedule of speaking engagements about the Palestinian cause, made frequent visits to the Arab world, and, because of his interest in liberation movements, travelled equally widely in Asia and Africa. He never lost his sense of intellectual honesty and scrupulous scholarship.
Abu-Lughod brought to bear an encyclopaedic knowledge - of the third world, Arab culture, history and language, and the western tradition of rationalism and humane understanding - to issues of education, political organisation and cultural de- velopment. He had no peers in this work, and won recognition throughout the world.
He held several UN con- sultancies. In 1977, he was elected a member of the Palestine National Council (PNC), and began work on the establishment, under the auspices of Unesco, of a Palestine national open university, to be headquartered in Beirut. This was forestalled in June 1982 by the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. He then returned to Northwestern.
In April 1988, Abu-Lughod and I met the then US secretary of state George Shultz. We told him that the Palestinian people were prepared to coexist with Israel if their self-determination was insured by a Middle East peace plan. What was needed was a mode of sharing and coexistence between two national communities in historic Palestine.
In 1991, Abu-Lughod resigned from the PNC. He was thus able, as a naturalised American, to return to Palestine and Israel in 1992, for the first time since 1948. He decided to settle in the land of his birth, and took the job at Bir Zeit, near Ramallah.
A voracious and critical reader, he was also an author and editor. The Arab-Israeli Confrontation of 1967: An Arab Perspective (1970) and The Transformation Of Palestine (1972) were two of his most important books. His first book, The Arab Rediscovery Of Europe (1963), pioneered the study of Arab views and experiences of Europe during the reign of Egypt's Mohammad Ali in the early to mid-19th century.
Abu-Lughod wrote and co-wrote innumerable articles, monographs and learned studies in both English and Arabic, mostly on politics, history and education in Palestine and the Arab world. His fame and influence by the time of his death were worldwide, unique for an intellectual whose distance from power and worldly prosperity was so rigorously maintained.
His sceptical mind and positive vision inspired his students as well as his many colleagues and friends. His marriage to Janet Abu-Lughod ended in divorce. He is survived by four children, Lila, Mariam, Dina and Jawwad, and six grandchildren. He was buried next to his father in the family plot, at the Ajami district cemetery in Jaffa.