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Functional role of an endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in enhancing growth and disease protection of invasive English ivy (Hedera helix L.)

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Abstract

Background

We hypothesize that invasive English ivy (Hedera helix) harbors endophytic microbes that promote plant growth and survival. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined endophytic bacteria in English ivy and evaluated effects on the host plant.

Methods

Endophytic bacteria were isolated from multiple populations of English ivy in New Brunswick, NJ. Bacteria were identified as a single species Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. One strain of B. amyloliquefaciens, strain C6c, was characterized for indoleacetic acid (IAA) production, secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, phosphate solubilization, and antibiosis against pathogens. PCR was used to amplify lipopeptide genes and their secretion into culture media was detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Capability to promote growth of English ivy was evaluated in greenhouse experiments. The capacity of C6c to protect plants from disease was evaluated by exposing B+ (bacterium inoculated) and B− (non-inoculated) plants to the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria tenuissima.

Results

B. amyloliquefaciens C6c systemically colonized leaves, petioles, and seeds of English ivy. C6c synthesized IAA and inhibited plant pathogens. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis revealed secretion of antifungal lipopeptides surfactin, iturin, bacillomycin, and fengycin. C6c promoted the growth of English ivy in low and high soil nitrogen conditions. This endophytic bacterium efficiently controlled disease caused by Alternaria tenuissima.

Conclusions

This study suggests that B. amyloliquefaciens plays an important role in enhancing growth and disease protection of English ivy.

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Acknowledgments

The Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Department of Plant Biology and Pathology of Rutgers University; The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for Post Doctoral Fellowship; International Institute of Science and Technology in Wetlands (INAU); and Sr. Qiang Chen for confocal microscopy assistance were acknowledged. The authors are also grateful to the support from the John E. and Christina C. Craighead Foundation, USDA-NIFA Multistate Project W3147, and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1957 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany and Ecology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, n° 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil

    Marcos Antônio Soares

  2. Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China

    Hai-Yan Li

  3. Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA

    Marshall Bergen & James Francis White

  4. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Biological and Applied Social, University of the State of Mato Grosso, New Xavantina, Mato Grosso, 78690-000, Brazil

    Joaquim Manoel da Silva

  5. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105-2807, USA

    Kurt P. Kowalski

Authors
  1. Marcos Antônio Soares
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  2. Hai-Yan Li
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  3. Marshall Bergen
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  4. Joaquim Manoel da Silva
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  5. Kurt P. Kowalski
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  6. James Francis White
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Marcos Antônio Soares or James Francis White.

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Soares, M.A., Li, HY., Bergen, M. et al. Functional role of an endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in enhancing growth and disease protection of invasive English ivy (Hedera helix L.). Plant Soil 405, 107–123 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2638-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2638-7

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