Phoenix Program (Counterinsurgency program : Vietnam)

found: Vietnam declassified : the CIA and counterinsurgency, 2010:(p. 257 (Phoenix program)

found: CIA website, Feb. 8, 2010:Retrospective on counterinsurgency operations page (Phoenix, one of several pacification and rural security programs in Vietnam, sought to attack and destroy the political infrastructure of the Lao Dong Party in South Vietnam)

found: Fight of the Phoenix, 2011:dust jacket (Phoenix Program; military version of the CIA ICEX Program; designed by the CIA and deployed by the Army to neutralize the Viet Cong infrastructure in South Vietnam through any means necessary) page 3, etc. (Operation ICEX (Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation) was run by the CIA as a pacification program; MACV ICEX; operated without a disclosed name from 1961 to 1967 when the Phoenix Program was established to functionally replace it)

found: Department of State website, viewed October 4, 2021:Home> Historical Documents>Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964-1968, Volume VI, Vietnam, January-August 1968>Document 296 (The Phoenix Program, formerly called ICEX (Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation; ) - https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v06/d296

found: The Phoenix Program and Contemporary Counterinsurgency, 2009:page 7, etc. (CIA plan program called Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation (ICEX), later known as Phoenix; coordination of intelligence was the program's paramount objective; Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation for Attack Against the Infrastructure (ICEX) Program; Phoenix was designed to coordinate and disseminate intelligence on the VCI, through such structures as the PIOCCs and the DIOCCs; Phoenix created no new operational units and controlled no forces on the ground; Efforts to disrupt the VCI were carried out by the South Vietnam's National Police, National Police Field Force, and Special Police Branch; U.S. and Vietnamese conventional armed forces; and by what became known as the PRUs) - https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP258.pdf