Abstract
With the advent of surgery under the operating microscope microvascular surgical techniques requiring prolonged anaesthesia have greatly increased in number. Local anaesthetic techniques, whilst often producing excellent surgical conditions, are limited by the duration of action of the anaesthetic agents and by the ability of the patient to remain still, often in uncomfortable positions, for periods of up to twenty hours. The use of indwelling catheters as a means of prolonging the duration of nerve blocks is discussed along with methods of sedation or general anaesthesia to enable the patient to tolerate lengthy surgical intervention. Present general anaesthetic techniques may not be ideally suited to long surgical procedures. The problems and possible alternatives are discussed.
Sympathetic ganglion blockade, intravenous regional blockade and systemic vasodilator therapy are discussed as a means of improving the success rate of these procedures.
The general principles of patient management such as fluid balance, temperature control, patient positioning and control of the operating room environment assume a much greater significance when related to the provision of prolonged general anaesthesia, whilst the effect of extended periods of work on operating personnel must also be considered.
Résumé
Avec la venue de la microchirurgie pour la réparation des vaisseaux, des anesthésies prolongées sont de plus en plus fréquentes.
Les techniques d’anesthésie loco-régionale, bien que produisant d’excellentes conditions chirurgicales, sont limitées à cause de la durée d’action des agents employés et par l’impossibilité pour le patient de rester calme, sans bouger dans des positions souvent incommodes, pour des périodes pouvant aller jusqu à vingt heures. On discute de l’utilisation de cathéters pour prolonger le bloc nerveux et de méthodes de sédation ou d’anesthésie générale qui permettent au patient de tolérer ces longues interventions chirurgicales. Les techniques anesthésî-ques habituelles ne sont pas conçues pour de longues opérations; les problèmes posés et les solutions possibles sont discutés.
On discute de l’intérêt du bloc sympathique, du bloc intraveineux et des vasodilatateurs systémiques comme moyen d’améliorer le taux de succès de ces interventions. Des facteurs comme l’équilibre hydrique, le contrôle thermique, la position du patient et le contrôle de l’environnement de la salle d’opération acquièrent une importance accrue lors de ces anesthésies prolongées.
On doit également tenir compte de l’effet de fatigue sur le personnel de ces longues heures de travail.
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Bird, T.M., Strunin, L. Anaesthetic considerations for microsurgical repair of limbs. Can Anaesth Soc J 31, 51–60 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03011483
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03011483