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In the forest vine Smilax rotundifolia, fungal epiphytes show site-wide spatial correlation, while endophytes show evidence of niche partitioning

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Abstract

Endophytic and epiphytic fungal assemblages from stems of S. rotundifolia, a shrubby vine, were studied in order to (1) quantify differences and the degree of overlap between fungal communities of both micro-habitats, and (2) examine whether fungal assemblages are spatially correlated at the local scale (tens to hundreds of meters), in order to understand if dispersal limitation may play a role in structuring these communities. Sampling was conducted over 160 m of growth along a forest edge. The communities showed low overlap (Bray-Curtis Similarity = 0.22), with most species that were common in one habitat appearing rarely if at all in the other, and only Aureobasidium pullulans showing high frequency in both. Epiphytic assemblages proved to be spatially correlated along the 160 m length of the transect, and even more so when adjacent pairs of stems were considered as the unit of comparison rather than individual stems. Endophytic assemblages showed no significant spatial correlation along the transect. Unexpectedly, three species of endophytes showed a pattern in which abundance of colonies peaked at different heights on the stems. Colletotrichum boninense showed peak abundance at 3 cm from the stem base. Phomopsis sp. 1 peaked at 33 cm from the stem base. Endophytic isolates of A. pullulans peaked at 63 cm from the stem tip. It was also found that positive correlative relationships were detected between endophyte-endophyte, and epiphyte-epiphyte pairs. Cross-group interactions seemed to center around crossover species that were not entirely constrained within the surface or interior.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the H. Boyd and Jeanette Woodruff Graduate Fellowship in Soils and Environmental Microbiology, the Rutgers Turf Research Fund, The John and Christina Craighead Foundation, U.S.D.A. Multistate Project W3147, and the New Jersey Mycological Association for financial support. We thank Dr. Peter Morin for advice on aspects of study design.

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  1. Graduate Program in Ecology & Evolution, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA

    Christopher B. Zambell

  2. Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA

    Christopher B. Zambell & James F. White

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Zambell, C.B., White, J.F. In the forest vine Smilax rotundifolia, fungal epiphytes show site-wide spatial correlation, while endophytes show evidence of niche partitioning. Fungal Diversity 75, 279–297 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0316-3

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