ウミサソリ 生態

ウミサソリ

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/07/13 01:10 UTC 版)

生態

ヒベルトプテルスの足跡であったと考えられる生痕化石[48]

ウミサソリは全般的に捕食者とされ、分類群によっては様々な捕食方法への特化様式が見られる[28]。遊泳性で獰猛な捕食性に適したようなものがあれば、底生性で堆積物から小さな獲物を篩い分けるのに適したようなものもある[49][50][18][28]。その捕食行動によって残されたと思われる生痕化石も知られている[51]。ウミサソリ亜目とアシナガウミサソリ亜目の種類は、それぞれ前述の2つのニッチ(生態的地位)に向けて特化した傾向がある[16]

ウミサソリ亜目の遊泳脚をもつ種類は、その遊泳脚で水中を泳いでいたことは広く認められるが、遊泳の仕組みは諸説に分かれ[34]、文献によっては遊泳脚の前後動作とパドルの角度変換で推進力を生じ[23][52]、もしくは遊泳脚をのように動かして揚力で前進していたと考えられる[53][34]。中型以下で大きな遊泳脚をもつもの(例えばウミサソリ科)は推進力、大型で小さな遊泳脚をもつもの(例えばダイオウウミサソリ科)は揚力という、種類によって遊泳方法が異なっていたとの説もある[34]

名前に反して、ウミサソリ類は必ずしもに限らず、淡水域に棲息する種類も数多く知られ、初期の海中からだんだんと浅海や淡水へと進出したことも化石記録によって示唆される[9][16][18]。少なくとも一部の種類は陸上にある程度に進出した可能性があり、それを示唆する足跡の生痕化石[48]も発見されている。また、その呼吸器から空気呼吸に適したような構造も発見される(Kiemenplatten の構造は陸棲甲殻類の偽気管に似る[42]、書鰓のラメラの隙間にはクモガタ類書肺に共通する小柱がある[44])。

複雑な生殖器をもつことにより、ウミサソリはカブトガニ類のような体外受精をせず、むしろクモガタ類のように体内受精をし、配偶行動として雌雄が特化した生殖肢を用いて精莢の受け渡し(交接)を行っていたと考えられる[40][35]


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