The X-YLIM, which is capable of two-dimensional drive, has been proposed by the authors. Various characteristics of the system using X-YLIM are reported with aim to non-contact transport. In practically, the position of the center of gravity on the carrier is not always the center of it.
In this paper, we examine the following relationships between switching characteristics and effect from the shift in the center of gravity. (1) Accurate reproduction of switching characteristics, when the center of gravity is shifted. (2) Effects of velocity vector component of the carrier in negative phase breaking. Slow X-direction velocity gives large switching angle. (3) Relationship between thrust and switching/rotational angle. Appropriate thrust gives same switching/rotational angle for various shift in the center of gravity. (4) Relationship between switching angle and rotational angle. Appropriate combination of thrust and position of the center of gravity is able to gives the switch as switching angle is equal to rotational angle. , -angled turn is able.

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A 77-year-old woman presented with an extremely rare exclusively intra-meatal anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) aneurysm manifesting as subarachnoid hemorrhage. The aneurysm was located at a non-branching site of its meatal loop, deeply inside the internal auditory canal. The ipsilateral posterior inferior cerebellar artery was hypoplastic and the affected AICA supplied a wide vascular territory in the right cerebellum. The patient underwent microsurgical trapping of the distal AICA aneurysm in the acute stage. Collateral back flow to the parent artery was poor, occipital artery (OA)-AICA anastomosis was performed prior to aneurysm trapping. The postoperative course was uneventful, and magnetic resonance imaging after surgery did not demonstrate any ischemic change. Postoperative angiography showed complete disappearance of the AICA aneurysm and the apparently patent OA-AICA bypass. She did not suffer neurological deficit except for right incomplete hearing disturbance, and postoperative single photon emission computed tomography demonstrated absence of hemodynamic compromise in the cerebellum. OA-AICA anastomosis with aneurysm trapping could be the optimal surgical management of the AICA aneurysm located exclusively inside the internal auditory canal, especially if the parent artery supplies a wide vascular territory.

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合成 protease inhibitor が乳頭部括約筋運動におよぼす影響について, 雑種成犬を用い検討した. チオペンタールナトリウム麻酔下に開腹し, gabexate mesilate と nafamostat mesilate を経静脈的に投与し, infusion system による乳頭部圧測定から乳頭部括約筋運動の変化を調べた. gabexate mesilate には乳頭部括約筋運動の抑制作用を認めた. nafamostat mesilate には乳頭部括約筋運動の亢進作用を認めた. 急性膵炎の治療に用いられる合成 protease inhibitor は, 乳頭部括約筋運動に影響を与えた.

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To clarify the factors affecting fungal contamination in bathrooms, the growth of 13 common fungal species (13 isolates) in bathrooms was studied under various environmental conditions. Most of the fungi examined grew on media of 0.01% and 0.05% sodium fatty acid and on media of 0.01% anion surfactant. On media of non-ion surfactant, however, growth varied from species to species. Fungi found commonly in bathrooms can be divided into two groups. The first group, including six species – Cladophialophora boppii, Exophiala spinifera, E. salmonis, Phialophora europaea, Phoma herbarum, and Scolecobasidium constrictum – grew on media of 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.25% non-ion surfactant, with the latter five species also growing on alkali medium. Most of them did not grow at 33°C, or on media with 10%NaCl, however. Fungi of these six species, identified using DNA and morphological analysis, were common in bathrooms, but not in other indoor environments, for example, in house dust or on windows. The second group contained seven species including Aureobasidium sp., Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Fusarium sp., which were common both in house dust and in bathrooms; they did not grow on media of 0.05% or 0.25% non-ion surfactant, but most grew comparatively fast on normal medium (1/4PDA), and were able to grow on media with 10%NaCl and also at 33°C. The characteristic fungi found in bathrooms were able to exploit surfactant but were unable to grow well under comparatively dry or hightemperature conditions.

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Langerhans cell histiocytosis rarely presents as a solitary lesion in the pituitary-hypothalamic region, and is indistinguishable from germinoma, which occurs much more frequently, especially in Japanese. A 14-year-old girl and a 9-year-old girl presented with polydipsia and polyuria as the initial symptoms. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a round mass at the pituitary stalk appearing as isointense on T₁-weighted imaging and hyperintense on T₂-weighted imaging. Endocrinological examination revealed mild hypopituitarism with central diabetes insipidus. Both patients underwent open craniotomy. Histological examination revealed granulomatous tissue with eosinophil infiltration and frequent Langerhans histiocyte clustering, compatible with the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Low-dose local irradiation of 20 Gy was administered. First patient was followed up for 8 years, and her hypopituitarism gradually improved to a minimal level with only amenorrhea as the residual symptom. Recent MR imaging showed no residual mass at the region. Second patient was followed up for 15 months, and her diabetes insipidus is stable. MR imaging performed 5 months after the treatment showed marked reduction of the mass. These cases reemphasize the importance of histological diagnosis for lesions with similar neuroimaging appearances. Biopsy and low-dose irradiation are an effective treatment for this rare and essentially benign lesion, as opposed to attempting total removal of the mass.

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肺に孤立結節影を呈した Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) の2例を経験した. 症例1は75歳女性で, 右中葉S4に3cmの結節影を認めた. 気管支洗浄液の培養でMACを認め, 抗結核薬により改善した. 症例2は75歳男性で, 右下葉S9に4cmの結節影を認めた. 生検後の培養でMACを認めたが内服治療で改善せず, 下葉切除を行った. MAC症の肺病変の中で孤立性結節影を呈する例は稀であり, さらにMAC症の通常の空洞性病変と異なり孤立性結節病変の分布は文献的にも全肺野に均一である傾向があった.

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A 65-year-old man presented with obstructive pneumonia due to squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, which invaded the right main bronchus. Argon plasma coagulation was performed, which reduced his symptoms. Right pneumonectomy was performed after preoperative chemotherapy; the pathological diagnosis was T3N1M0 Stage IIIA. Fifteen months after surgery, he presented with bloody sputum. Bronchoscopy showed multiple endotracheal tumors, and a pathological examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma; the same histology as the primary lung cancer. We hypothesized that direct implantation during bronchoscopic therapy or hematogenous or lymphatic spread might have led to metastasis. A careful follow-up is required after bronchoscopic therapy.

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症例は67歳男性．11ヵ月前に胃癌，直腸癌にて幽門側胃切除と低位前方切除を施行された．術後の経過観察目的のCTで右上葉に経時的に増大する結節影を認め当院へ紹介となった．気管支鏡検査を施行したが確定診断に至らず，原発性肺癌もしくは転移性肺癌を疑い手術を施行した．術中迅速診断で低分化腺癌（原発性肺癌）と診断され，右上葉切除＋ND2a-1を施行した．病理組織診断の結果，絨毛癌様の形態を伴った肺腺癌（pT1bN0M0 stage IA2）と診断された．術後は補助化学療法なしで無再発生存中である．

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我々は肝細胞癌切除後の肺転移を切除しえた1症例を経験した. 症例は56歳男性で, 肝硬変合併のない肝右葉に多発した肝細胞癌に対し拡大肝右葉切除術を施行した. 術後1年10ヵ月目に右肺下葉に転移巣を認め, 同部を切除した. 病理組織像では原発巣と同様にEdomondson II型の肝細胞癌であった. 術後は合併症なく経過良好で退院した. 1965年にThomfordが転移性肺腫瘍切除例の長期予後を報告して以来, 本邦にても積極的に切除が行われつつあるが, 肝細胞癌の肺転移巣に対する切除例の報告は少ない. 今後我々はこのような症例にたいしても, 積極的に切除を考慮したいと考えている.

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In this study, fluid flow behavior of molten glass in a melting furnace, which is characterized by the stirring range of gas bubbles and trajectories of tracer particles, is investigated by a reduced physical model and a mathematical model. The reduced physical model was made of an acrylic tank, which was similar in shape of the actual glass melting furnace but one fifth in size, with heating electrodes and air bubbling devices. The gas flow rates were set at 8.27, 10.42 and 14.75 Ncm³/sec based on similarity conversions. The electrode temperatures were set at 25°C and 150°C. The mathematical model was based on the SOLA-VOF technique, which incorporated a Quasi-single Phase method to accommodate the gas bubbling phenomena. Results from the physical model showed that the trajectories of tracer particles and minimum residence time (MRT) increase with gas flow rates. This is caused by the increase in stirring range of gas bubbles, which was demonstrated by the physical model as well as the mathematical model. The trajectories of tracer particles at the electrode temperature of 150°C were observed to be longer than those for the electrode temperature of 25°C from the physical model. This is due to the free convection induced by the heating electrodes, which is also shown by the mathematical model.

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A 96-year-old man with a rapidly growing right chest wall mass was referred to our department for further treatment. Enhanced chest computed tomography showed a huge pectoral hematoma (12×6 cm) in the right thorax. He was on oral antiplatelet medication, but no abnormalities in clotting ability were detected. Because the hematoma was enlarging and painful, it was evacuated surgically and hemostasis achieved around the pectoral branches of the thoraco-acromial artery. His postoperative course was uneventful with no evidence of subcutaneous fluid retention. Surgical hemostasis and hematoma evacuation of this pectoral hematoma might be effective as one treatment method.

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背景．近年，高解像度CTの普及で小型肺病変の発見が増加し，様々なマーキング法が試みられている．今回我々は術中気管支鏡マーキングが有用であった1例を経験したため報告する．症例．68歳男性．直腸癌，肝転移の術後経過観察中，CTで右肺S⁶に単発5 mmの小結節を認め，転移性肺腫瘍の疑いにて当科紹介，手術の方針となった．CT上，腫瘍は右S⁶c縦隔側に認められた．腫瘍の局在から部分切除は困難であり，右S⁶区域切除を計画したが，腫瘍が比較的区域間に近いことが問題視された．そこで，腫瘍近傍を走行するB⁶cに術中に気管支鏡を末梢まで挿入し，胸膜面から確認された気管支鏡先端の光をガイドに，区域間切離ラインを決定し，右S⁶区域切除術を施行した．区域間からの切除マージンは16 mmだった．結論．症例を選択すれば，本法は従来法と同等な非侵襲的気管支鏡マーキングとして有用であると考えられた．

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After hemorrhagic hypotension in dogs, myocardial norepinephrine synthesis and storage were apparently disturbed. Dibenzyline seemed to prevent death of animals subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension by causing a reduction in the bleeding volume. However, dibenzyline did not prevent a fall in arterial blood pressure during DOPA infusion after hemorrhagic hypotension. It is suggested that fundamental damage occurred during hemorrhagic hypotension, which caused the depletion of myocardial norepinephrine content, and also produced cardiovascular failure.

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A 66-year-old Japanese man receiving systemic chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer presented with exertional dyspnea. D-dimer was elevated in the blood. Echocardiography revealed pulmonary hypertension, and a ventilation-perfusion scan indicated decreased perfusion in the bilateral lungs. Cardiac catheterization showed no evidence of pulmonary artery embolization and revealed cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma. Thus, pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) was diagnosed. The patient died of respiratory failure on the 17th hospitalization day despite systemic chemotherapy. Retrospective serological testing revealed increased vascular endothelial growth factor in the pulmonary artery blood. This is a rare case with antemortem cytologically proven PTTM mediated by VEGF.

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Metabolism of sodium 3α, 7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholane-24-sulfonate, the sulfonate derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid, was studied in hamsters. In bile fistula hamsters, the sulfonate analogue was efficiently absorbed from the ileum and secreted rapidly into the bile without any modification such as conjugation. However, absorption from the jejunum was smaller than that observed for the ileum. After oral administration, the sulfonate analogue of chenodeoxycholic acid was recovered quantitatively in the feces as the unchanged form in contrast to simultaneously administered chenodeoxycholic acid, which was entirely converted to lithocholic acid during its passage through the intestinal tract. These results demonstrate that the sulfonate analogue is absorbed mainly from the ileum by active transport, enters the enterohepatic circulation like the endogenous conjugated bile acids, and completely resists bacterial degradation.

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