Both the commercial and recreation functions of central areas influence their surroundings. The former composes the “commercial sphere” and the latter the “recreation sphere”, and the relation between their influences on surrounding areas was studied. The towns of Shirahama, famous for hot springs, and of Koya, a temple town, were chosen for study since both have long histories as commercial and recreational areas.
The following results were obtained.
Commercial spheres, where basic commercial activities are done, form comparatively small areas where the density of combination decreases towards the borders, which is the general tendency, while the absorption force of recreation functions, such as everyday amusements, is similar to that of retail trade spheres. However, the absorption areas of non-every-day recreation functions is large. Moreover, their influence on neighboring areas is small, and they are strongly connected with cities that are far from them to some extent; and in remote areas they make related spheres which are not so closely connected to themselves. This fact is due to the following reasons.
1) Recreation cannot be achieved without going to the objective place, and it can not be transported as merchandise. 2) As recreation centers are the “earning places” for the people of the neighboring areas, the effects of recreation, which are achieved only by detachment from every-day life, are not brought about in the neighboring areas. 3) The recreation facilities of central areas is meant for travelers and not for the neighboring people.
Thus the difference between commercial spheres and recreation spheres of basic commercial activities has been studied. Non-basic commercial activities are attendant on recreation activities that form recreation spheres. These must also be distinguished from commercial spheres.
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