This article is a study on the process of reproduction of a national identity in a periphery. In a periphery, the natural environmental differences alienate the cultural national identity, and in order to overcome this, a political national identity particular to the periphery is required to arise within the normative culture particular to the periphery. This article analyzes that process, and discusses whether political-cultural elites represented the people or were agents for the center.　These subjects are analyzed through use of the public discourse in political documents and the media, as well as via statistical data and economic surveys in Karafuto.　One of the most important natural environmental differences in Karafuto was that rice was unable to be grown there. The agricultural policy of the Karafuto government, the two theses of Karafuto culture, and a food shortage in the whole of the Japanese empire demanded that the Karafuto people change their staple food. This meant a departure from being a “rice-eating community”, and it alienated the cultural national identity of the Karafuto people. In order to overcome this, the political-cultural elites in Karafuto attempted to establish a political national identity particular to the periphery, and to design the normative culture for the periphery. The natural environmental differences were the source of cultural national identity alienation; however, they were internalized and came to be the most important standpoint for the political national identity of the periphery.　This political national identity particular to the periphery could react against the central political national identity when it came to issues of food security. Political-cultural elites appealed to the people to change their staple food, but they could not achieve their goal because most of the Karafuto people remained within the “rice-eating community” connected to the national market. The political-cultural elites did not behave as agencies for the center of the imperial government, but it is difficult to conclude that they represented the people sufficiently.

抄録全体を表示

A limnological survey was carried on by the writer in the following lakes of South Sakhalin in the summer of 1934; Tibesani-taiko, Tibesani-syôko, Waai-ko and Horahune-ko on the coast of Aniwa-wan (Aniva Bay), and Tyatya-numa, Bakko-numa and Raitisi-ko on the west coast. The morpbometrical data of these lakes are given in tables 1 and 8, the temperature and pH in table 2, and the chemical properties of the lake water in table 7.
Tibesani-taiko (table 3), Tibesani-syôko (table 4) and Horahune-ko (table 6) belong to eutrophic Corethra plumosus type with Einfeldia, and Waai-ko (table 5) to mesotrophic Einfeldia type. Raitisi-ko (table 10) is a brackish water lake and Macoma baltica, an eurythermal and euryhaline clam, is very common.
There were collected many interesting animals which are new to Japanese fauna, e g. Kamaka kuthae, Piscicola geometra, Cristatella mucedo (statoblasts only), Limnochares holosericea, Thyas oblongata, Forelia ligulifera, Nereis alinensis O_KUDA and Valvata pulchella saghalinensis M_IYADI. All of them are recorded from Europe or Siberia, except the last two which are new to science.

抄録全体を表示

明治初期の日露国境問題 (

問題) に関する先行研究では、明治政府に対する駐日英国公使パークスの放棄勧告の影響が強調されてきた。これに対し国内要因に着目した本稿では、従来思想分析の対象に留まってきた黒田清隆の放棄論が、政府内の重層的な対立構造のなかで政策実現していく政治過程を跡付けた。黒田は大久保利通に推され専任の開拓次官に就任すると、組織内を対露宥和路線に統一した。さらに開拓使と北海道開拓使の合併後は、札幌本庁から岩村通俊を駆逐し放棄論で開拓使全体を纏めた。岩倉使節団外遊中の黒田は放棄を建議し、外征派の外務卿副島種臣の買収論、分界論と対抗した。そして、明治六年政変により副島から対露外交の主導権を奪い、外征優先ではなく内治優先に立脚する対露宥和路線を確立させた。最後には、木戸孝允ら政府内の慎重論を抑えながら自らと政策理念を共有する榎本武揚をロシアに送り込み千島交換条約を結ばせた。こうして終止符が打たれた問題を契機に大久保政権内に開拓使を基盤とした黒田グループが重要な位置を占め、そのなかにその後の対露外交で重要な役割を担う黒田、榎本、西徳二郎を中心としたロシア通の政策集団の原点が形成された。黒田とその周辺の位置付けを明治初期にまで遡り検討することは、長州閥中心で描かれがちな明治政治史の枠組みを薩摩閥の視点から再構成することにも繫がる。

抄録全体を表示

Eighteen fishes traversed new migratory courses. One fish, tagged at Willienan in Olyu-torskii District, was recaptured at Gulf Kamchatskii. Of the five fishes, tagged at Sikotan Is. in the south-east sea of Hokkaido, three were recaptured on the west coast of Kamchatka (Utka, Icha) and the other two at Okhotskii District (Okhotsk, Ulya). Of the rest 12 fishes tagged at the middle Kurile Islands (Sinsiru, Tirihoi), the 11 fishes were recaptured at the west coast of Kamchatka (Utka, Vorovskaya, Muisovaya, Oblukovina, Opala) and the last one was recaptured at Hinode-gawa in the east of Paramusiro Is.

抄録全体を表示

2017～2019年まで、百瀬(代表者）と岩澤らは、アイヌ（エンチウ）協会員と共に、「失われた」アイヌ文化を復元・継承するための活動を行ってきた。国内外の博物館等に所蔵されている資料を協会員と共に調査し、物質文化の複製や舞踊の3D映像化による教育資料作成を試みた。以上の活動を通して、アイヌ文化継承のための協働の試みを発表する

抄録全体を表示