本研究は，韓国史上最大の被害規模を記録した浦項地震における応急仮設住宅の供給について振り返り，日本と韓国での事例を比較して，今後の改善の方向性を模索することを目的としている．浦項地震における応急仮設住宅の特徴は，被災者の所有地で設置する自己敷地仮設住宅・仮設店舗併用住宅・一戸

外空間の一定規模が確保できる団地型仮設住宅・団地内管理事務所の設置などがある．日本と韓国における応急仮設住宅の事例を供給思想・供給類型・提供までの期間，建設コストなどの観点から比較分析を行った．

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ニホンジカ（Cervus nippon）の生息密度と空間分布の把握は被害管理や保全対策上非常に重要であるが，屋久島の高標高域に広がるヤクシマダケ（Pseudosasa owatarii）草原におけるヤクシカ（C. nippon yakushimae）の生息密度は不明である．2009年11月に行った糞塊調査から生息密度を試算したところ，平均で14.09頭/km²という密度が得られた．この推定密度の精度については注意が必要であるものの過小評価である可能性は低く，ヤクシマダケ草原周辺の森林域での密度に比べて低密度であると考えられた．生態や行動などの基礎情報が不明なままのヤクシマダケ草原におけるヤクシカに対して，今後はより精度の高い密度推定やその他の生態調査を進めていくことが求められる．

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 This article focus on how common space area in Japanese intensive care home for elderly is changed in the past 35 years, aims to quantitatively summarize the transition of common space area size from 1978 up to today, so as to provide a reference for common space dimensioning in modern Japanese nursing home including Japanese version of CCRC(Continue care retirement community).
 The analysis is done on 79 nursing homes which are selected from Japanese architecture publications. The selection is divided into two groups: the classic nursing home group where the living room is shared by multi beds and nursing care is done in large scale, and the unit care nursing homes group where several private living rooms share a common living space and care service is performed in this unit. The floor plan of each selected nursing home is scanned and imported into AutoCAD by which the AutoCAD area calculation tool is applied to compute the size of each common space area. Further, based on the location and the main function, the common space is divided into three outdoor and six indoor categories, the average area size of each category in per 5 year interval is calculated and grouped into classical care and unit care nursing homes to provide the transition of common space area size of each category in detail in the past 35 years and the comparisons between the two nursing home groups.
 The analysis shows that
 1. The outdoor common space area was in the uptrend since the year of 2000~2004, and this increase in common space area was mainly contributed by the invest of the roof garden, deck, and balcony, etc.
 2. For indoor common space, both the average per resident and the ratio of common space area to total floor area were in the uptrend as well in the past 35 years, they were from 3.2 m² in the 1980s to 8.1 m² in the year of 2010~2015, and 9.8% to 16.6% respectively.
 3. The expansion of restaurant area and physical training facilities, service facilities such as hair salon, coffee shop, and community space were the main factors which contribute to indoor common space area increase. And, compared with the classical care nursing homes, the common space area of the restaurant and physical training room per resident was increased from 4.6 m² in classical care nursing home to 6.1 m² in unit care nursing home, the community space has also increased from 0.8 m² to 1.2 m². Especially the transition in community space area size reveals the trend to secure more community space in today's nursing home design.
 4. On the other hand, the space of entrance hall and lobby, classroom, and entertaining room, etc. hobby facilities was in downtrend.

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富津市萩生集落を対象に海岸集落の空間構成とその植栽の特性について現地調査をもとに考察した。農家の住宅はほとんどが南向きであるのに対し, 漁師の住宅では北西向きが多い。これは前者では主屋前の広庭を南面させる必要があるのに対して, 後者ではその必要がない上に北西に位置する海と生活が深く係わることによるものと考えられる。農家の屋敷囲いはその四周に及びその閉鎖性も高いが, 漁師の家にはほとんどなく, あっても低く部分的なものに限られ, 開放的な空間構成が特徴的であった。こうした特徴は集落の空間構成でも見られ, それらはそれぞれの地域の生業の違いを背景に生まれたものと考えられた。

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主要な家畜である牛、豚、鶏の畜舎内環境としてアンモニア、メタンおよび亜酸化窒素の濃度を測定した。畜産物生産の場である畜舎からの環境負荷ガスの発生量の算定手法確立とともに、生産者農家の作業場でもある畜舎内における環境負荷ガスの特徴把握を目的とした。2000年～2002年の3年間に、搾乳牛舎9棟、肥育牛舎4棟、豚舎8棟および採卵鶏舎5棟の合計26畜舎に季節毎に調査を行った。牛舎と豚舎・採卵鶏舎の舎内アンモニアの平均濃度は1 ppm～1.5 ppmおよび0.9～2.9 ppmであった。各畜舎のアンモニア測定値は季節変動とともに畜舎間変動も大きい。牛舎内メタン濃度は牛自体の発生寄与が大きく、6.0～26.8 ppmの高濃度であり、夏季に低い季節変動を示した。亜酸化窒素は多くがふん尿起源であり、平均値で0.306～0.650 ppmの値を示し畜舎間変動は比較的小さかった。特に肥育牛舎で高い亜酸化窒素濃度が観測された。

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The purpose of this study is to introduce a new "degree of openness" concept as a comprehensive index for evaluation of space of a nursery school environment, so that the environmental space of a nursery school most conducive to the development of mind and body of children may be more fully comprehended. Firstly, a survey, undertaken at nursery schools in the cities of Nagasaki and Fukuoka, is summarized regarding the behavior of children when they try to have access from a classroom to a garden. The results of the survey indicate the importance of, among others, the size of a garden, which enables children to play as freely as possible, and the windows and exits of a classroom that may entice children from a classroom to a garden. It is to be shown, then, that the graduated degrees of "openness of access" from a classroom to a corridor and then to a garden has an important bearing on the development of exploratory behavior of children. It is finally shown that an analysis made by the regression analysis method of the principal components will certify the effectiveness of the "degree of openness" concept.

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"It's no fish ye're buying-it's men's lives." This study makes effort to clarify the causes of collisions with the Pair Trawlers, inter alia, collisions with their gears, and considers amendment of Municipal Avoidance Rules and the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea in order to lower the incidence of such accidents. The Pair Trawlers towing a net can cover larger water column than other fishing boats and can scoup up larger quantity of fish. Their good coverage increases the danger of being collided by other ships while fishing and their delicate operation requires a well-developed technique and mutual understanding among their seamen. To make matter worse, it is quite difficult for vessels in a head-on situation with the pair trawlers to discern wether they are towing a net between them. As for pair trawling, collision avoidance rules provide only that each vessel engaged in pair trawling may exhibit, by night, a searchlight directed forward and in the direction of the other vessel of the pair. Inappropriateness of these provions was illustrated by the accident on the 13th of January 1997 south of the Saishu Island where a Panamanian cargo vessel went through between F/Vs the 17th and 18th Choun-maru registered in Japan and dragged their net and sank one of them to involve the death of ten drowned fishermen. Seriousness of this kind of accidents suggests that inappropriateness of the avoidance rules amounts to lacune du droit on this point. Besides, the UN-LOS, by its article 97, reserves criminal and disciplinary jurisdiction to the offender's State or the flag State in all incidents of navigation leaving the victim's state no power to investigate, prosecute or punish offenders and offenders' vessel. To stop buying fishermen's lives in the form of fish, we propose for the starboard-side vessel, during night time, to shed green searchlight directed forward and in the direction of the other vessel of the pair and for the port-side vessel red searchlight so that they can show, at the same time, their engagement in fishing, their towing fishing gear between them and their heading direction. Laser light may be made use of, if it could be practicable and effective. During day time, green and red flags should be hoisted respectively by the starboard-side vessel and the port-side vessel as some Japanese fishing vessels are already practising. The two trawlers may have to mark their masts in the same way to show their operation in a pair. Floating buoys fastened to the net of pair trawlers may be obliged to have reflectors and to be painted in green on the sarboard-side and red port-side. These proposals should be incorporated into collision avoidance rules to bring the principle ignorantia juris nocet into operation. As British regulations, after the sinking of the Antares, ordered that submarines should keep 4, 000 yards away from fishing boats when underwater and 1, 500 yards when operating at periscope depth, so states can limit the licenced sea fishing grownds and fishing time of a day or even prohibit pair trawl fishing on the congested sea area. Large ships with restricted manoeuvrability, should inform their position to international authority through satellite whose surveillance should be enhanced throughout the world.

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The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the actual conditions of the parking space installation methods as a preceding work of research on the quality of interface spaces between the streets and the apartment housings. We selected 89 cases out of architectural magazines and Kobe/Nishinomiya cities. The results can be summarized; 1) the parking space installation methods are influenced by the ratios of outdoor spaces relative to the parking spaces. 2) Regarding the magazine examples, such ratios are largely influenced by the land use zoning. 3) Regarding the Kobe/Nishinomiya cases the influential factors are the dwelling supply methods.

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Child abuse is attributable to the debilitating relation of parents and child, and its risk factors are that there are characters of parents and child, viable history of parents, problems of family, relation of family and its region. Protection of child abuse is needed social supports due to intervention of risky family. Cases of child abuse come across medical fields. So, medical servers should be acquired characteristics of child abuse, purposed to making an early diagnosis and its treatments. Medical facilities are requested guard and care of children, its therapy from regional society.

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This study aims to establish the framework of cost-benefit analysis of greening control regulations for public administration as a part of Regulatory impact analysis by evaluating an application of an ordinance to Osaka city. This study measures the followings by use of the consumer surplus measurement approach. 1) The fluctuation of social net benefit as the result of the change of the demand of buildings, because the demand changes due to the increase of building cost by the regulation. 2) The fluctuation of social net benefit as the result of the change of the social average cost by two reasons. The one is the increase of the average (internal) cost caused by the greening cost. Another is the decrease of the social average cost caused by the external effect of greening. As a result, this study can offer an experimental model of cost-benefit analysis of greening control regulations. Moreover, this study finds the possible errors due to the difference between the result of Cost-benefit analysis by the experimental model and the reality, and the direction and the extent of the effect of the errors.

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サステイナブル（持続可能）都市の実現を促すことを目的に実践的な評価指標を作成する動きが近年，日本でも民間レベルで出始めてきている．問われているのは，そうした評価指標が継続的に実施され，対象となる自治体の施策や行動に影響を与えているかどうかである．対象自治体の施策・行動に影響を及ぼすこと，言い換えれば「自治体への貢献性」の有無や程度を明らかにすることは，評価指標の有効性を確認する手がかりになるからである．サステイナブル都市への取り組みで先行する欧州では評価指標に関しても「自治体への貢献性」が一定程度あることが確認されている．本研究では大手メディアの評価指標を事例に回答自治体へのアンケート調査などをもとに，自治体の施策・行動への影響力など「自治体への貢献性」の有無や程度を明らかにした．

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