Descriptions are
generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some
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yet published on the Web.
00.046.0.01. Influenzavirus
A
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
00.046.0.01. Influenzavirus A. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database,
version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
vertebrate virus at the genus level.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.046.0.01. Virus accession number:
046001GE. Obsolete virus code: 46.0.1.; superceded accession number: 46010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
197911.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
Virus is of the
family 00.046.
Orthomyxoviridae.
Virions consist of an envelope, a matrix protein, a
nucleoprotein complex, a nucleocapsid, and a polymerase complex. Virus capsid is
enveloped. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic; filamentous forms occur
(sometimes). Virions measure 80-120 nm in diameter;
200-300(-3000) nm in length. Surface projections are densely
dispersed, about 500 clustered, distinctive spikes that cover the surface evenly and
comprise major
glycoprotein hemagglutinin and neuraminidase that are interspersed in a ratio of HA
to NA about 4-5 to 1. Surface projections are composed of different types
of proteins. Surface projections are 10-14 nm long; 4-6 nm in
diameter. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical
symmetry. The nucleocapsid is helical; and segments have different size
classes with clear predominate lengths with a length of 50-130 nm (in
different size classes). The nucleocapsids
are segmented with loops at one end.
The molecular mass (Mr) of virions is 250 x 106.
Virions have a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.2 g cm-3. The
sedimentation coefficient is 700-800 S20w (for
non-filamentous paricles). Virions are very sensitive. Virions are sensitive to
treatment with heat, lipid solvents, non-ionic detergents, formaldehyde,
oxidizing agents. The infectivity is reduced after exposure to irradiation.
The
genome is segmented and consists of eight segments of linear
negative-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete
genome is 13600 nucleotides long. The segment 1 is fully sequenced.
Complete sequence is 2350 nucleotides long. Segment 2 is
sequenced, complete sequence is about 2350
nucleotides long. Segment 3 is sequenced, but only an estimate is given,
complete sequence is 2250 nucleotides long. Segment 4 has
been fully sequenced, complete sequence is 1780 nucleotides long.
Segment 5 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is presented,
complete sequence is 1575 nucleotides long (?). Segment 6 has
been sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is
1413 nucleotides long. Segment 7 has been sequenced, but only an
estimate is presented, complete sequence is 1050 nucleotides long.
Segment 8 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is available; complete
sequence is 900 nucleotides long. The genome has terminally redundant sequences.
The genome sequence is repeated at both ends. Nucleotide sequences at the
3'-terminus are identical. The 5'-terminal sequence has conserved
regions and repeats complementary to the 3'-terminus
(5'-AGUAGAAACAAGG..., terminal repeats at the 5'-end are 13
nucleotides long. The 3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide sequences; of 12
nucleotides in length; in species of same genus; sequence has conserved regions
(3'-UCG(U/C)UUUCGUCC..., in all RNA species, or some RNA segments. The
multipartite genome is encapsidated, each segment in a separate nucleocapsid,
and the nucleocapsids are surrounded by one envelope. Each virion contains
defective interfering copies (may be present).
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
The viral
genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Lipids are
present and located in the envelope. Virions are composed of
18-37% lipids by weight. The composition of viral lipids and host cell
membranes are similar. The lipids are modified cellular lipids and
are derived from plasma membranes. Proteins of host derived membranes have been
modified during post-translational processes. Host-derived membranes contain
viral proteins in place of host proteins.
Natural Host
Virus infects during its life cycle a variety of vertebrate hosts. Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata.
Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata.
Class Aves and Mammalia.
Class Mammalia Order Primates, or
Artiodactyla;
Family Hominidae.
Virus infects Homo sapiens
(human,
Family Suidae; Subfamily Suinae; virus infects Sus.
Virus is transmitted by contact between hosts.
Type species 00.046.0.01.001.
Influenza A virus .
List of Species in the
Genus.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
[Http]www.uq.edu.au/vdu/influenz.htm"> at Virology Down Under.
Taxon images: • dg_fluAv.gif. • EM from Stewart McNulty, Queens University,
Belfast.
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